This research was developed within the scope of the IRTG 1740/TRP 2011/50151-0, funded by the DFG/FAPESP. A. Rammig acknowledges funding from the EU-FP7 AMAZALERT (raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon) project, grant agreement no. 282664. REFERENCES [1] van der Ent et al.: Origin and fate of atmospheric moisture over continents, Water Resour. Res., 46, W09525, 2010. [2] Zemp et al.: On the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13337-13359, 2014. [3] Zemp et al.: Node-weighted measures for complex networks with directed and weighted edges for studying continental moisture recycling, Europhys. Lett., 107, 58005, 2014. On the way from the Amazon to the La Plata basin, moisture is exchanged between the vegetation and the atmosphere through re- evaporation cycles (Fig. 1). Fig.3 : Key intermediary region as identified by two measures from complex network analysis: (a) Clustering coefficient showing the tendency to be the intermediary in a particular network motif (Fig. 1); (b) Betweenness centrally showing the regions where cascading moisture recycling pathways are channeled. Billions of liters of water vapor are pumped from the Amazon rainforest and released into the atmosphere throughout the year. This atmospheric moisture is transported by winds to the subtropical La Plata basin through the “flying rivers”. Fig.1: The transport of moisture from the source to the sink may be direct or indirect through cascading moisture recycling. In the latter case, re- evaporation cycle (precipitating water is re-evaporate in the same location) is taking place in an intermediary location. The process of cascading moisture recycling, which is the moisture transport on the continent involving re- evaporation cycles along the way, has been ignored in previous studies on moisture recycling. We track atmospheric moisture using a moisture recycling model [1] forced by historical climate data. We construct a moisture recycling network for the wet season (from December to March). We analyze it’s architecture using techniques from complex network theory [2,3] (Fig. 3). We develop measures to quantify the amount of moisture transported via direct and cascading moisture recycling from the Amazon basin to the La Plata basin [3] (see main map). Carbon-neutral, ecological printing Delphine C. Zemp 1,2 , Carl.-F. Schleussner 1 , Henrique M. J. Barbosa 2 and Anja Rammig 1 1 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany 2 Geographisches Institut der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany 2 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Exploring the complex network of the Amazon’s water pump and flying rivers RESEARCH QUESTIONS What is the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America? What are the key regions that sustain the moisture recycling network? La Plata basin 11-16% through cascading moisture recycling 16-23% 6% 18-23% Amazon basin Intermediary Fraction of the evapotranspiration in the Amazon basin that contributes to rainfall over the La Plata basin during the wet season: through direct moisture recycling Fraction of the total rainfall over the La Plata basin that comes from the Amazon basin during the wet season: through direct moisture recycling through cascading moisture recycling [email protected] CONCLUSION Cascading moisture recycling plays an important role for the transport of moisture through flying rivers in South America. The intermediary is a key region where moisture runs through re-evaporation cycles on its way from the entire Amazon forest to the La Plata basin. Land-use change in this region may reduce moisture supply in the La Plata basin where water is already a limited resource.
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![Page 1: Exploring the complex network of the Amazon’s water pump and …fap.if.usp.br/~hbarbosa/uploads/Site/Publications/... · 2015-03-30 · [3] Zemp et al.: Node-weighted measures for](https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022070909/5f98256076d04551cd21af1d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
This research was developed within the scope of the IRTG 1740/TRP 2011/50151-0, funded by the DFG/FAPESP. A. Rammig acknowledges funding from the EU-FP7 AMAZALERT (raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon) project, grant agreement no. 282664.
REFERENCES [1] van der Ent et al.: Origin and fate of atmospheric moisture over continents, Water Resour. Res., 46, W09525, 2010. [2] Zemp et al.: On the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13337-13359, 2014. [3] Zemp et al.: Node-weighted measures for complex networks with directed and weighted edges for studying continental moisture recycling, Europhys. Lett., 107, 58005, 2014.
On the way from the Amazon to the La Plata basin, moisture is exchanged between the vegetation and the atmosphere through re-evaporation cycles (Fig. 1).
Fig.3 : Key intermediary region as identified by two measures from complex network analysis: (a) Clustering coefficient showing the
tendency to be the intermediary in a particular network motif (Fig. 1);
(b) Betweenness centrally showing the regions where cascading moisture recycling pathways are channeled.
Billions of liters of water vapor are pumped from the Amazon rainforest and released into the atmosphere throughout the year.
This atmospheric moisture is transported by winds to the subtropical La Plata basin through the “flying rivers”.
Fig.1: The transport of moisture from the source to the sink may be direct or indirect through cascading moisture recycling. In the latter case, re-evaporation cycle (precipitating water is re-evaporate in the same location) is taking place in an intermediary location.
The process of cascading moisture recycling, which is the moisture transport on the continent involving re-evaporation cycles along the way, has been ignored in previous studies on moisture recycling.
We track atmospheric moisture using a moisture recycling model [1] forced by historical climate data.
We construct a moisture recycling network for the wet season (from December to March).
We analyze it’s architecture using techniques from complex network theory [2,3] (Fig. 3).
We develop measures to quantify the amount of moisture transported via direct and cascading moisture recycling from the Amazon basin to the La Plata basin [3] (see main map).
Carbon-neutral, ecological printing
Delphine C. Zemp1,2, Carl.-F. Schleussner1, Henrique M. J. Barbosa2 and Anja Rammig1
1 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany 2 Geographisches Institut der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany 2 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Exploring the complex network of the Amazon’s water pump and flying rivers
RESEARCH QUESTIONS What is the importance of cascading moisture recycling in South America? What are the key regions that sustain the moisture recycling network?
La Plata basin
11-16%
through cascading moisture recycling
16-23%
6% 18-23%
Amazon basin
Intermediary
Fraction of the evapotranspiration in the Amazon basin that contributes to rainfall over the La Plata basin during the wet season:
through direct moisture recycling
Fraction of the total rainfall over the La Plata basin that comes from the Amazon basin during the wet season:
through direct moisture recycling
through cascading moisture recycling
CONCLUSION Cascading moisture recycling plays an important role for the transport of moisture through flying rivers in South America. The intermediary is a key region where moisture runs through re-evaporation cycles on its way from the entire Amazon forest to the La Plata basin. Land-use change in this region may reduce moisture supply in the La Plata basin where water is already a limited resource.
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