Exploring Space!

Exploring Space!Exploring Space!

Everything you did and did not Everything you did and did not want to know about how humans want to know about how humans

have explored space!have explored space!

Way way backWay way back Astronomers have Astronomers have

been studying space been studying space since way way back since way way back (the ancient Greeks (the ancient Greeks and Romans)and Romans)

In 1543 Copernicus In 1543 Copernicus proposed the idea proposed the idea that the earth orbits that the earth orbits the sun.the sun.

The earth was NOT The earth was NOT the center of the the center of the universe!universe!

TelescopesTelescopes Adapted by Galileo Adapted by Galileo

Galilei in 1609Galilei in 1609 Telescopes gather Telescopes gather

light and often light and often magnify it to visual magnify it to visual proportionsproportions

Telescopes can Telescopes can gather visual light, gather visual light, or radio waves, or or radio waves, or infrared radiationinfrared radiation

Yerkes telescope in Wisconsin,The largest refracting telescope

in the world

More telescopes!More telescopes!

Some telescopes are Some telescopes are in orbit around Earth.in orbit around Earth.

The Hubble The Hubble Telescope is in orbit Telescope is in orbit and provides some of and provides some of the clearest images of the clearest images of distant objectsdistant objects

Picture of distant galaxies from the Hubble space telescope

Space travelSpace travel

The idea of going into The idea of going into space or sending space or sending people into space people into space started in the 1950sstarted in the 1950s

1957 – The Soviet 1957 – The Soviet Union launched the Union launched the first satellite to orbit first satellite to orbit earthearth

1958 – The Soviet 1958 – The Soviet Union sent the first Union sent the first human into spacehuman into space

Sputnik 1 – 1st Satellite

Race to the Moon!Race to the Moon! The United States The United States

Won!Won! NASA (the National NASA (the National

Aeronautics and Aeronautics and Space Space Administration) Administration) created the Apollo created the Apollo program to try to program to try to reach the moonreach the moon

July 11, 1969 the July 11, 1969 the crew from crew from Apollo 11Apollo 11 walked on the walked on the surface of the moonsurface of the moon

Researching the moonResearching the moon

NASA achieved 5 NASA achieved 5 more moon landing more moon landing between 1969 and between 1969 and 19721972

The Apollo program The Apollo program helped scientists helped scientists learn about the learn about the moon’s surface and moon’s surface and interiorinterior

The International Space Station!The International Space Station!

Space station – a satellite in which people can live and Space station – a satellite in which people can live and work for long periodswork for long periods

Russia, US and 15 other nations began building the Russia, US and 15 other nations began building the Intertational Space Station in 1998.Intertational Space Station in 1998.

The first crew was in 2000The first crew was in 2000 As big as 2 football fieldsAs big as 2 football fields Crew makes observations of earth and perform Crew makes observations of earth and perform

experiments especially about gravityexperiments especially about gravity

The Space ShuttleThe Space Shuttle

How NASA launches the How NASA launches the ISS crew into spaceISS crew into space

First Space Shuttle, First Space Shuttle, ColumbiaColumbia was launched was launched in 1981in 1981

Can be used over and Can be used over and over againover again

Have been launched Have been launched more than 100 times more than 100 times since 1981since 1981

http://www.aee.odu.edu/shuttlerepository/shuttlerepair.html

Unmanned SpacecraftUnmanned Spacecraft

We cannot send humans to other planetsWe cannot send humans to other planets The trip is too long, too expensive and the conditions The trip is too long, too expensive and the conditions

are too harsh on many other planetsare too harsh on many other planets Carry instruments that test the compositions and Carry instruments that test the compositions and

characteristics of planetscharacteristics of planets

FlybysFlybys

A spacecraft passes A spacecraft passes one or more planets one or more planets without orbiting themwithout orbiting them

Voyager 2Voyager 2 was sent in was sent in the 1980s and flew by the 1980s and flew by Jupiter, Saturn, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and NeptuneUranus and Neptune

Picture the Voyager 2 took of Saturn

OrbitersOrbiters

Target a specific Target a specific planet to study and planet to study and orbit that planet over orbit that planet over a long period of timea long period of time

Data is collected and Data is collected and sent back to earth as sent back to earth as radio wavesradio waves

Help create detailed Help create detailed maps of planetsmaps of planets

Orbiter of Mars

Lunar orbiter

LandersLanders A craft designed to A craft designed to

land on a planet’s land on a planet’s surfacesurface

Have been to the Have been to the Moon, Venus, and Moon, Venus, and MarsMars

ProbesProbes

A spacecraft that A spacecraft that usually drops into a usually drops into a planet’s atmosphere, planet’s atmosphere, but only work for a but only work for a short time before they short time before they are destroyed by are destroyed by conditions on a planetconditions on a planet

Useful for studying Useful for studying the deep atmosphere the deep atmosphere of the giant planets of the giant planets like Jupiterlike Jupiter

The Galileo probe which

dropped into the

Atmosphere of Jupiter

Quiz: Was this Spacecraft a probe, Quiz: Was this Spacecraft a probe, a lander, an orbiter, or a flyby?a lander, an orbiter, or a flyby?

1. 1. Luna 1Luna 1 in 1959 flew by the moon in 1959 flew by the moon 2. In 1966 2. In 1966 Luna 9Luna 9 made a soft landing on the made a soft landing on the

moon’s surfacemoon’s surface 3. The 3. The GalileoGalileo spacecraft in 1995 began to orbit spacecraft in 1995 began to orbit

Jupiter but released a ______ which studied Jupiter but released a ______ which studied Jupiter’s atmosphere for 1 hour before it was Jupiter’s atmosphere for 1 hour before it was destroyed.destroyed.

4. 4. MagellanMagellan in 1989 made a map of the surface in 1989 made a map of the surface of Venus by revolving around the planetof Venus by revolving around the planet

5. The 5. The Viking 2Viking 2 was sent in 1975 to Mars to was sent in 1975 to Mars to roam the surface and search for liferoam the surface and search for life

Brief Timeline of SpaceBrief Timeline of Space 1609 Galileo invents the telescope1609 Galileo invents the telescope 1924 An astronomer named Edwin Hubble confirms the 1924 An astronomer named Edwin Hubble confirms the

existence of other galaxiesexistence of other galaxies 1957 First artificial satellite 1957 First artificial satellite SputnikSputnik was launched by the Soviet was launched by the Soviet

UnionUnion 1958 The National Aeronatics and Space Administration 1958 The National Aeronatics and Space Administration

(NASA) is established to oversee the exploration of space(NASA) is established to oversee the exploration of space 1969 First man, Neil Armstrong walks on the moon1969 First man, Neil Armstrong walks on the moon 1977 The 1977 The Voyager 1Voyager 1 and and Voyager 2Voyager 2 are launched to Jupiter, are launched to Jupiter,

Saturn and beyond, they are now 10 billion km away and still Saturn and beyond, they are now 10 billion km away and still sending back pictures to earthsending back pictures to earth

1981 The first space shuttle, 1981 The first space shuttle, ColumbiaColumbia, was launched by NASA, was launched by NASA 1992 Astronomers discover the first planet outside our solar 1992 Astronomers discover the first planet outside our solar

systemsystem 2000 The first 3 man crew was sent to the International Space 2000 The first 3 man crew was sent to the International Space

StationStation