Exploring missing links between nature and economy through sustainable development goals (SDGs) Pushpam Kumar Chief, Ecosystem Services Economics, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) The 5 th CSIR Conference, Pretoria, South Africa October 9, 2015
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Exploring missing links between nature and economy through sustainable development goals (SDGs) Pushpam Kumar Chief, Ecosystem Services Economics, United.
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Exploring missing links between nature and
economy through sustainable
development goals (SDGs)
Pushpam KumarChief, Ecosystem Services Economics,
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
The 5th CSIR Conference, Pretoria, South AfricaOctober 9, 2015
Embracing SDGs
“A universal, integrated and transformative vision for a better world”
------UN Secretary General, Ban Ki Moon“The present time invites us to give
priority to actions which generate new processes in society so as to bear fruit in significant and positive historical events.”
---------Pope Francis
1. SDGs and Natural Capital:SDG 1 – Poverty & Natural Capital
• 75 percent of the world’s poorest countries are located in Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 34 percent of the world's extreme poor ($1.25 or less).
• Desertification threatens agricultural production on marginal rain-fed agricultural lands exacerbating poverty and undermining economic development.
SDG 8 – Inclusive, Sustainable Economic Growth &
Environment
1. Moving global agriculture towards sustainable practices is projected to stimulate 200 million jobs across the food production system
2. Reduce GHG emissions from deforestation, curb overexploitation of natural resources, replace ecologically-harmful inputs with ecologically sourced, balanced alternatives.
SDG 11, 12 – Resilient Cities, Sustainable Living &
Environment1. Sustainable Consumption and Production
lifecycles; Resource efficiency
2. Decoupling environmental degradation from economic growth
3. Africa is the most rapidly urbanizing region of the world; Two-thirds of Africa`s projected total population of 2.5 billion people will require urban services by 2063, and Africa needs to be ready
SDG 13 – Climate Change & Natural Capital
1. No continent will be struck as severely by the impacts of climate change as Africa.
2. By 2020, between 75 and 250 million people in Africa are projected to be exposed to increased water stress due to climate change.
3. Towards the end of the 21st century, projected sea level rise will affect low-lying coastal areas with large populations.
4. By 2080, an increase of 5 to 8% of arid and semi-arid land in Africa is projected under a range of climate scenarios (TS).
5. The cost of adaptation could amount to at least 5 to 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
1. SDG 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
2. SDG 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Natural Capital in SDG 14 and 15
2. Conclusive Messages of SDGs
i. People, Planet and Prosperity (3 Ps)ii. Interconnectedness of goalsiii. Integrated and indivisibleiv. Decoupling of growth and resilience
of natural capital
3. BAU needs rethinking: Growth unsustainable in SS
AfricaGross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP
Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion: Natural resource depletion is the sum of net forest depletion, energy, and mineral depletion. Net forest depletion is unit resource rents times the excess of round wood harvest over natural growth. Energy, and mineral depletion is the ratio of the value of the stock of energy, and mineral resources to the remaining reserve lifetime (25 years).
Land Degradation
Dwindling Natural Capital FOREST
Biodiversity Loss
14
4.Change the Compass: Rely on Inclusive Wealth not
Income
15
124 of 140 countries experienced a positive growth in GDP
86 of 140 countries experienced a positive growth in wealth
Growth in GDP and Wealth (in %)
16
Growth in Adjusted Inclusive Wealth index
Key drivers: Natural capital depletion; Population growth, and negative growth rates in TFP.
Consuming Beyond Their Means When TFP, climate change and increases in oil prices are factored in Only 58 of 140 countries experienced a positive growth in Wealth
17
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
IWI per capita PC per capita HC per capita
NC per capita GDP per capita
Year
Per
cent
age
chan
ge w
ith r
espe
ct t
o 19
92
IWI: only an ‘anemic’ 6% in those years
GDP up 50% in two decades
Changes in IW per capita (1992-2010)
South Africa
5. Restoration is Good: Land Management Pays
Value of Cereal crop loss (Mill. of USD/year) due to erosion induced NPK loss (Value of Production Loss)
Benefit Cost ratio over 15 years (of SLM)
Region 2002-2004
2010-2012
BCR
East Africa 7260 22063 4.00
Central Africa 2573 5816 4.62
North Africa 9133 36738 26.35
South Africa 5841 5615 3.16
West Africa 17348 40061 5.45
Africa Total 6.58
6. Paradigm Shift: we can do better!
Internalise cost, making damage unbearable
Demonstrate and capture contribution of nature to economy
Link natural capital with structure of macro-economy
Encourage green innovation and diffusion of know how