Exploring iin Modules, Module 7 Module 7 Infancy and Childhood.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Module 7Infancy and Childhood

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Physical Development

• Brain Development– Maturation and Infant Memory

• Cant remember: neural connections are few

• Hardware and software are getting put in.

• Motor Development– Maturation of nervous system

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Cerebral Cortex Sections

Cognitive Development

How we learn & What we are capable to learn

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Cognitive Development

• Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking– Sensorimotor Stage– Preoperational Stage– Concrete Operational Stage– Formal Operational Stage

General Observations

• Schema

• Accommodating

• Cognition

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Pouring Experience into Mental Modes

Sensorimotor

• Out of sight = out of mind (no object permanence).

• By 8 months this starts to change.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Baby Mathematics

Preoperational Stage

• Conservation of volume is out.

• Ego-centric

• “Theory of mind”

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Concrete Operational Stage

• Conservation is in now.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Formal Operational

• The what if questions can be addressed.

• Reasoning is developed.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Reflecting on Piaget

Developmental stages are universalSequencing is correct.Good lessons for parents and teachers.

×We grow continuously, not in stages.

×Children begin a subsequent stage earlier than Piaget thought.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

An Impossible Object

Social Development

• Stranger anxiety:– Brain, mind, social-

emotional behavior develop together

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

• Origins of Attachment– Body Contact

• Harlow’s Mothers

– Familiarity• Critical period

• Rigid attachment = imprinting

– Responsive Parenting• Relaxed and attentive

mothers.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Infants’ Distress Over Separation from Parents

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

• Effects of Attachment– Secure Attachment Predicts Social Competence

• See Erik Erickson: basic trust

– Deprivation of Attachment• Legacy of Harlow’s monkeys

Child-Rearing Practices

Authoritarian Parents Permissive Parents

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Authoritative Parents

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

Authoritative Parenting and Social Competence

What your baby needs to be smart:

① Month 1: Eliminate background distractions.

② Months 1-3: Emphasize contrasts.

③ Months 3-5: Use pictures of baby’s real world objects

④ Months 6-7: Emphasize cause/effect, locations of things, and functions.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7

⑤ Months7-8: Emphasize sound to signal an event.

⑥ Months 9-12: Explore motor and sensory skills and how they combine.

⑦ Months 13-18: Explore objects in the environment. Diversify it.

Exploring iin Modules, Module 7