Page 1
1
Exploration of A KI-Catalyzed Oxidation System for Direct
Construction of Bispyrrolidino[2,3-b]indolines and Total Synthesis of
(+)-WIN 64821
Si-Kai Chen,†,§ Ju-Song Yang,†,§ Kun-Long Dai,† Fu-Min Zhang,*,† Xiao-Ming Zhang,*,† and Yong-
Qiang Tu.*,†,‡
†State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou
University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] .
Contents
1. General information.......................................................................................... 2
2. Preparations of tryptamine and tryptophol analogues ........................... 3
3. Screening of KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization conditions .......... 19
4. KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization reactions ..................................... 25
5. Gram-scale of KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization reactions .......... 45
6. Additional description of the proposed mechanism ............................... 46
7. Total synthesis of (+)-WIN 64821 .............................................................. 49
8. Crystals of 6b ................................................................................................. 56
9. References ......................................................................................................... 58
10.Copies of NMR ................................................................................................... 58
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
Page 2
2
1. General information
In addition to commercially available extra dry solvents, the solvents used in this work were
purified using standard operation and distilled prior to use. Dichloromethane (DCM or CH2Cl2),
trichloromethane (CHCl3) and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) were distilled from CaH2. Tetrahydrofuran
(THF), diethyl ether (Et2O), benzene and toluene were distilled from sodium. Acetonitrile (CH3CN)
was distilled from phosphorus pentoxide.
All commercial reagents were used without additional purification unless special stated. Air or
moisture sensitive operations were conducted under argon atmosphere using oven-dried glassware
(150℃).
All reactions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) visualized by ultraviolet light
(254 nm) and the column chromatography purifications of organic compounds were performed via
silica gel (200~300 mesh) unless special stated.
1H NMR, 13C NMR and 19F NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AM-600, Bruker AM-400,
Varian Mercury-600 or JEOL JNM-ECS-400. Chemical shift (δ) were quoted in ppm relative to
tetramethylsilane or residual protio solvent as internal standard, multiplicities are as indicated: s=
singley, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, br = broad. Infrared (IR) spectra were
recorded on a Nicolet FY-170SX spectrometer. High-resolution mass spectral analysis (HRMS) data
were determined on a Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Elite spectrometer. Optical rotations were detected
on RUDOLPH A21202-J APTV/GW. X-ray diffraction data were collected on Agilent SuperNova
Eos diffractometer. Melting points (m.p.) were collected on SGW X-4B Micromelting point
instrument. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were performed using Waters
e2695 Separations and 2998 PDA Detector instruments.
Page 3
3
2. Preparations of tryptamine and tryptophol analogues
Tryptamine and tryptophol analogues used in this research are known compounds except 5e, 5h,
5g, 5l. The syntheses and characterizations of these compounds are all described below:
2.1 Preparation of Na- substituted tryptamines
N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 5a:
Compound 5a was prepared according to literature’s procedure[1] as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 99-
102℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H),
7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.10 (m, 3H), 7.00 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (t,
J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3): δ 143.20, 136.35, 136.20, 129.48, 126.75, 126.71, 122.65, 121.81, 119.10, 118.22, 111.31,
111.12, 43.01, 25.24, 21.30; IR (KBr) 3406, 3282, 1597, 1316, 1155, 816, 744, 549 cm-1; HRMS (ESI)
calcd for [M+Na]+ C17H18N2NaO2S, m/z: 337.0987, found: 337.0973.
4-methyl-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide, 5b:
To a stirred solution of 5a (2.35g, 7.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (35 mL) at 0℃ was added NaH (0.90
g, 22.5 mmol, 3.0 equiv, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) in portions. The system was reacted at room
temperature for 0.5 h, and then cooled to 0℃. A solution of MeI (0.50 mL, 8.25 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in
DMF (35 mL) was subsequently added to the reaction mixture dropwise at the same temperature and
the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 2 h. The resulted reaction system
Page 4
4
was carefully quenched with saturated NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3). The organic
layer was washed with water (6 times) and brine, then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated
by vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 8:1 to 6:1)
to afford 5b (2.17 g, 85 % yield) as a white solid. m.p. 81-83℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61
(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.10 (m, 4H), 7.00 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H),
4.94 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.19 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 142.95, 136.85, 136.64, 129.35, 127.18, 127.08, 126.75, 121.43,
118.64, 118.38, 109.86, 109.11, 43.15, 32.28, 25.15, 21.23; IR (KBr) 3288, 2928, 1598, 1326, 1159,
815, 740, 550 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C18H20N2NaO2S, m/z: 351.1143, found: 351.1146.
N-(2-(1-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 5c:
Compound 5c (2.40 g, 93% yield) was synthesized from 5a (2.35 g, 7.5 mmol) and EtBr (0.62 mL,
8.25 mmol) as a light yellow oil following the synthetic procedure of 5b, purified by flash
chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 6:1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.63 (d, J = 8.4
Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.02 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H),
6.85 (s, 1H), 4.83 (m, 1H), 4.05 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.36
(s, 3H), 1.38 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.10, 136.77, 136.04, 129.48,
127.41, 126.90, 125.37, 121.50, 118.79, 118.62, 110.03, 109.30, 43.18, 40.65, 25.37, 21.37, 15.29; IR
(KBr) 3285, 2931, 1598, 1327, 1159, 816, 742, 551 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C19H22N2NaO2S, m/z: 365.1300, found: 365.1304.
N-(2-(1-allyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 5d:
Compound 5d (2.25 g, 85% yield) was synthesized from 5a (2.35 g, 7.5 mmol) and allyl bromine (0.71
mL, 8.25 mmol) as a light yellow oil following the synthetic procedure of the 5b, purified by flash
Page 5
5
chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 5:1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.64 (d, J = 8.0
Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.85 (s,
1H), 6.01-5.91 (m, 1H), 5.22-5.18 (m, 1H), 5.11-5.06 (m, 1H), 4.65 (td, J = 5.6 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.46
(t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.11, 136.78, 136.43, 133.30, 129.49, 127.48, 126.91, 126.10, 121.69, 119.01,
118.61, 117.25, 110.43, 109.63, 48.57, 43.14, 25.35, 21.38; IR (KBr) 3288, 2923, 1598, 1326, 1159,
815, 742, 551 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C20H22N2NaO2S, m/z: 377.1300, found:
377.1309.
N-(2-(1-acetyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 5e:
To a solution of 5a (1.57 g, 5.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (40 mL) was added Bu4NHSO4 (0.169 g,
0.25 mmol, 0.05 equiv). The solution was cooled to 0℃ and added NaOH (1.00 g, 12.5 mmol, 2.5
equiv). A solution of AcCl (1.06 mL, 7.5 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in DCM (20 mL) was then added to the
reaction system dropwise at 0℃. The resulted mixture was warm to room temperature and stirred for
additional 1.5 h, then, quenched with saturated NH4Cl (aqueous) and extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x
3). The combine organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated
by vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (petrol ether: acetone =12:1) to afford
5e (1.57 g, 88 % yield) as a white solid. m.p. 130-135℃. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):δ 8.06 (s, 1H),
7.80-7.76 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (td, J = 7.2 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H),
7.15 (td, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.42
(s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 170.27, 144.85, 136.73, 136.20, 129.84, 127.47,
127.26, 122.45, 122.14, 119.59, 118.93, 112.18, 111.15, 47.84, 25.98, 24.89, 21.58; IR (KBr) 3368,
1675, 1433, 1335, 1164, 746, 542 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H20N2NaO3S, m/z:
379.1087, found: 379.1090.
Page 6
6
2.2 Preparation of Nb- substituted tryptamines
General procedure A:
To a stirred solution of tryptamine (1.0 equiv) in DCM (0.50 M) at 0℃ were added Et3N (1.2 equiv)
and R7Cl (1.05 equiv) successively. The reaction system was stirred at room temperature for 6 h and
then quenched with saturated NH4Cl. The resulted mixture was extracted with DCM and the organic
layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was recrystallized (Et2O
and petrol ether as eluent) to provide the crude intermediate 1.
To a solution of the crude intermediate 1 (1.0 equiv) above in DMF (0.21 M) at 0℃ was added NaH
(3.5 equiv, 60% dispersion in mineral oil). The reaction system was stirred at room temperature for
0.5 h, and then cooled to 0℃. A solution of MeI (1.1 equiv, in DMF) was subsequently added to this
reaction mixture. The resulted solution was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, then quenched with
saturated NH4Cl (aqueous) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water (6
times) and brine, then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified
by column chromatography to afford 5f, 5g, 5i or 5m.
General procedure B:
To a solution of tryptamine (1.0 equiv) in DCM (0.63 M) was added Et3N (3.0 equiv) and then cooled
to -78℃. A solution of R72O (1.05 equiv) was then added to the reaction system dropwise. The
resulted mixture was warm to room temperature and stirred for additional 6 h, then, quenched with
water and extracted with DCM. The organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered,
and concentrated by vacuo. The resulted residue (crude intermediate 2) was used to the next step
without further purification.
To a solution of the crude intermediate 2 (1.0 equiv) above in DMF (0.30 M) at 0℃ was added NaH
(3.0 equiv, 60% dispersion in mineral oil). The reaction system was stirred at room temperature for
Page 7
7
0.5 h, and then cooled to 0℃. A solution of MeI (1.1 equiv, in DMF) was subsequently added to this
reactiom mixture. The resulted solution was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, then quenched with
saturated NH4Cl (aqueous), and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water (6
times) and brine, then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified
by column chromatography to afford 5j or 5l.
General procedure C:
To a stirred solution of tryptamine (1.0 equiv) in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.2 M) under 0℃ was
added NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 3.0 equiv) portionwise. The reaction mixture was reacted
at room temperature for 2 h and cooled to 0℃ again. MeI (1.0 equiv, 0.2 M, in DMF) was then added
to the reaction system over 1 h, after which, the system was stirred at 0℃ for additional 3 h.
Whereafter, H2O (the volume is consistent with DMF), Na2CO3 (2.0 equiv) and R7Cl (1.0 equiv) were
added to the reaction system successively under 0℃. After stirring under the same temperature for 3
h, R7Cl (0.50 equiv) was added to the mixture and the system was reacted for additional 1 h. The
resulted mixture was extracted with EtOAc and washed with water (6 times). The organic layer was
dried with Na2SO4 (anhydrous), then filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by column
chromatography to afford 5h or 5k.
N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide, 5f:
Compound 5f (0.80 g, 51% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure A as a light yellow
oil, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 5:1). R7Cl = PhSO2Cl. 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.76 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.27 (t, J
= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.50 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H),
3.72 (s, 3H), 3.28 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 139.85,
Page 8
8
137.13, 132.47, 128.98, 127.30, 127.26, 126.94, 121.85, 119.03, 118.55, 109.84, 109.35, 43.19, 32.62,
25.40; IR (KBr) 3293, 2928, 1615, 1325, 1159, 815, 742, 585 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C17H18N2NaO2S, m/z: 337.0987, found: 337.0984.
N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide, 5g:
Compound 5g (1.10 g, 61% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure A as a yellow
solid, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 7:1 to 5:1). R7Cl = p-NsCl. m.p. 106-
108℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.08 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J =
8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.00 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.60 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s,
3H), 3.34 (q, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 149.68, 145.35,
137.18, 127.85, 127.37, 127.01, 123.86, 122.08, 119.16, 118.36, 109.44, 43.24, 32.62, 25.38; IR (KBr)
3307, 2932, 1607, 1529, 1349, 1164, 855, 738, 611 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C17H18N3NaO4S, m/z: 382.0837, found: 382.0840.
N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonamide, 5h:
Compound 5h (2.90 g, 80% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure C as a light yellow
oil, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 6:1). R7Cl = 2-naphthyl-SO2Cl.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.86-7.79 (m, 3H), 7.68 (dd, J = 8.8 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H),
7.62-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.12 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H),
4.76 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3): δ 137.03, 136.70, 134.65, 132.05, 129.26, 129.15, 128.59, 128.20, 127.80, 127.36,
127.25, 127.21, 122.20, 121.73, 118.90, 118.45, 109.86, 109.24, 43.30, 32.44, 25.36; IR (KBr) 3291,
Page 9
9
2932, 1325, 817, 741, 549 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C21H20N2NaO2S, m/z: 387.1143,
found: 387.1142.
N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)methanesulfonamide, 5i:
Compound 5i (0.65 g, 52% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure A as a pale yellow
solid, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 5:1 to 3:1). R7Cl = MsCl. m.p. 101-
105℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (td, J
= 7.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.4 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.30 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s,
3H), 3.44 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ
137.21, 127.41, 127.30, 121.96, 119.14, 118.58, 109.97, 109.46, 43.37, 40.12, 32.68, 25.99; IR (KBr)
3236, 2922, 1615, 1325, 1156, 1071, 737, 521 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C12H16N2NaO2S,
m/z: 275.0830, found: 275.0837.
1,1,1-trifluoro-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)methanesulfonamide, 5j:
Compound 5j (1.90 g, 56% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure B as a pale yellow
solid, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 20:1 to 5:1). R72O = Tf2O. m.p. 52-
56℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.55 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (m,
1H), 7.14 (td, J = 7.4 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 3.88 (bs, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.60 (q, J = 6.4 Hz,
2H), 3.06 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 137.33, 127.45, 127.15, 122.20, 121.25,
119.40, 118.46, 118.06, 109.60, 109.03, 44.51, 32.74, 26.33; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ -77.44;
IR (KBr) 3308, 2936, 1616, 1371 1193, 819, 743, 607 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C12H13F3N2NaO2S, m/z: 329.0548, found: 329.0562.
Page 10
10
N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide, 5k:
Compound 5k (2.60 g, 79% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure C as a pale yellow
oil, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 5:1). R7Cl = BnSO2Cl. 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.53 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.13 (td, J = 7.4
Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.11 (m, 3H), 3.71(s, 3H), 3.29 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (t, J = 6.4
Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 137.27, 130.46, 129.33, 128.67, 128.52, 127.36, 127.31,
121.95, 119.12, 118.63, 109.94, 109.43, 58.34, 43.65, 32.59, 26.05; IR (KBr) 3308, 2929, 1615, 1156,
1326, 1153, 742, 605 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C18H20N2NaO2S, m/z: 351.1143, found:
351.1158.
2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide, 5l:
Compound 5l (1.50 g, 75% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure B as a pale yellow
solid, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 8:1). R72O = (CF3CO)2O. m.p.
90-92℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.23
(m, 1H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.65 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (t,
J = 6.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 157.64, 157.27, 156.90, 156.54, 137.20, 127.38,
126.92, 122.00, 120.10, 119.19, 118.51, 117.24, 114.38, 110.15, 109.46, 40.28, 32.63, 24.59; 19F NMR
(376 MHz, CDCl3): δ -75.97 ; IR (KBr) 3318, 2938, 1705, 1474, 1327, 1180, 1160, 741 cm-1; HRMS
(ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C17H18F3N2NaO2, m/z: 293.0878, found: 293.0882.
Methyl (2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)carbamate, 5m:
Page 11
11
Compound 5m (1.09 g, 67% yield) was synthesized following the general procedure A as pale yellow
solid, purified by flash chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc = 10:1 to 5:1). R7Cl = MeCO2Cl. m.p.
91-93℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.58 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (td,
J = 6.8 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (td, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 4.79 (s, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.65
(s, 3H), 3.49 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 156.98,
137.05, 127.62, 126.78, 121.67, 118.85, 118.77, 111.27, 109.22, 51.92, 41.35, 32.56, 25.62; IR (KBr)
3333, 2940, 1701, 1533, 1248, 1191, 739, 428 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C13H16N2NaO2,
m/z: 255.1104, found: 255.1098.
2.2 Preparation of N- methyl tryptophol and 3-indolepropanol
To a stirred solution of tryptophol (2.50 g, 15.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (20 mL) at 0℃ was added
NaH (1.85 g, 46.5 mmol, 3.0 equiv, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) in portions. The system was reacted
at room temperature for 30 min, and then cooled to 0℃. A solution of MeI (0.97 mL, 17.1 mmol, 1.1
equiv) in DMF (10 mL) was subsequently added to the reaction mixture dropwise at the same
temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 6 h. The resulted
reaction system was carefully quenched with saturated NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x
3). The organic layer was washed with water (100 mL×8) and brine (100 mL), then dried over Na2SO4,
filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (petrol
ether: EtOAc = 8:1 to 7:1) to afford 5n (1.80 g, 66% yield) as a yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3): δ 7.60 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.4 Hz,
1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 3.88 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H) 3.02 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.53 (s, 1H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 137.18, 127.84, 127.27, 121.73, 118.91, 118.88, 110.66, 109.26, 62.74,
32.60, 28.64; IR (KBr) 3362, 2931, 1615, 1483, 1045, 740, 428 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C11H13NNaO, m/z: 198.0895, found: 198.0902.
Page 12
12
To a solution of 3-indolepropionic acid (1.89 g, 10 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (50 mL) was added
BH3•Me2S (15 mL, 30 mmol, 3.0 equiv, 2 M in THF) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70℃
for 16 h and then carefully quenched with MeOH at 0℃. The resulted solution was extracted with
EtOAc (60 mL x 3), the combined organic layers were washed with brine and then dried over Na2SO4,
filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was used for next step directly without further
purification.
The residue product above was dissolved in DMF (50 mL) and cooled to 0℃. NaH (1.20 g, 30 mmol,
3.0 equiv, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added to the reaction system in one portion, and the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h, and then cooled to 0℃. A solution of MeI (1.42 g,
10 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (50 mL) was subsequently added to the mixture dropwise at 0℃. The
reaction system was stirred at the same temperature for 2 h, after which, quenched with saturated
NH4Cl (aqueous). The resulted mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3), the combined organic
layers were washed with water (100 mL x 6) and brine and dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and
concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (PE: EA=10:1 to
3:1) to afford 5o in 69% yield as a yellow oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.59 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),
7.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 3.73-3.69 (m, 5H), 2.84
(t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.00-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 137.02, 127.79,
126.13, 121.47, 118.93, 118.56, 114.37, 109.11, 62.61, 33.13, 32.52, 21.23; IR (KBr) 3361, 2933,
1473, 1326, 1247, 1153, 1062, 740 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C12H15NNaO, m/z:
212.1046, found: 212.1043.
2.3 Preparation of benzene ring-substituted tryptamines
Compound 7a-f,7h,7j, 7k were synthesized from corresponding indole over 5 steps according to the
literature procedures[2].
Page 13
13
N-(2-(7- chloro-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7a:
Compound 7a (0.81 g, 38%) was obtained from 7-chloro-indole as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 99-102℃;
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J
= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 4.74 (t, J = 6.0
Hz, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.21 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.20, 136.69, 132.24, 130.43, 129.96, 129.48, 126.88, 123.14, 119.66, 117.27,
116.97, 110.17, 43.02, 36.35, 25.13, 21.43; IR (KBr) 3274, 2948, 1489, 1315, 1154, 1084, 814, 735,
667 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C18H19ClN2NaO2S, m/z: 385.0748, found: 385.0745.
N-(2-(1,7-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7b:
Compound 7b (0.89 g, 29%) was obtained from 7-methyl-indole as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 104-
109℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.63 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.19 (m, 3H), 6.90-6.88 (m, 2H),
6.68 (s, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.22 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H),
2.72 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.16, 136.84, 135.80, 129.54, 128.91,
128.35, 126.98, 124.38, 121.36, 119.24, 116.58, 109.58 , 43.05, 36.51, 25.23, 21.45, 19.61; IR (KBr)
3289, 3046, 2927, 1599, 1321,1159, 1048, 740, 665 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C19H22N2NaO2S, m/z: 365.1300, found: 365.1285.
N-(2-(6-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7c:
Compound 7c (2.05 g, 47%) was obtained from 6-fluoro-indole as a white solid. m.p. 91-94℃; 1H
Page 14
14
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (dd, J = 5.2 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J =
8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.74 (m, 2H), 4.75 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s,
3H), 3.21 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s,3H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3): δ
161.06, 158.70, 143.20, 137.15, 137.03, 136.71, 129.48, 127.52, 127.49, 126.90, 123.84, 119.35,
119.25, 110.31, 107.64, 107.40, 95.74, 95.48, 43.09, 32.60, 25.23, 21.38; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3):
δ -120.79; IR (KBr) 3286, 3065, 2934, 1624, 1333, 1160, 1069, 737, 667 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd
for [M+Na]+ C18H19FN2NaO2S, m/z: 369.1049, found: 369.1056.
N-(2-(6-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7d:
Compound 7d (1.12 g, 17%) was obtained from 6-chloro-indole as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 77-
79℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.25
(d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.43 (t,
J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.23 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.33, 137.55, 136.76, 129.55, 127.98, 127.93, 126.97, 125.89,
119.68, 119.47, 110.37, 109.38, 43.06, 32.71, 25.29, 21.48; IR (KBr) 3286, 3061, 2927, 1613, 1325,
1159, 1067, 737, 667 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C18H19ClN2NaO2S, m/z: 385.0753,
found: 385.0744.
N-(2-(1,6-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7e:
Compound 7e (374 mg, 32%) was obtained from 6-methyl-indole as a brown oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J =
8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 4.40(t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.24(q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.88(t, J = 6.4
Hz, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.19, 137.61, 136.93, 131.74,
Page 15
15
129.56, 127.04, 126.70, 125.19, 120.79, 118.29, 109.80, 109.33, 43.18, 32.54, 25.46, 21.82, 21.49; IR
(KBr) 3265, 3031, 2918, 1598, 1319,1158, 1065, 756, 667 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C19H22N2NaO2S, m/z: 365.1300, found: 365.1286.
N-(2-(6-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7f:
Compound 7f (3.04 g, 60%) was obtained from 6-methoxyl-indole as a grey solid. m.p. 108-110℃;
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.19 (m, 3H), 6.70 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 3H),
4.48(t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.22 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H),
2.39 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 156.52, 143.18, 137.87, 136.80, 129.53, 126.98, 126.09,
121.65, 119.23, 109.95, 108.95, 92.83 , 55.69, 43.11, 32.59, 25.36, 21.45; IR (KBr) 3288, 3056, 2937,
1624, 1329,1159, 1068, 736, 667 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H22N2NaO3S, m/z:
381.1249, found: 381.1254.
N-(2-(4-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7j:
Compound 7j (1.80 g, 52%) was obtained from 4-fluoro-indole as a white solid. m.p. 120-126℃; 1H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.06 (m, 1H), 7.02
(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J = 10.8 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (bs, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.27
(q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 158.16,
155.71, 143.11, 140.08, 139.96, 136.81, 129.48, 127.75, 126.92, 122.25, 122.18, 115.90, 115.70,
108.80, 108.77, 105.48, 105.44, 104.22, 104.03, 43.62, 32.96, 26.48, 21.48; 19F NMR (376 MHz,
CDCl3): δ -123.68; IR (KBr) 3282, 2932, 1629, 1319, 1156, 1092, 734, 671 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd
for [M+Na]+ C18H19FN2NaO2S, m/z: 369.1043, found: 369.1037.
Page 16
16
N-(2-(4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7k:
Compound 7k (0.78 g , 54%) was obtained from 4-chloro-indole as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 129-
132℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.63 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J =
8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 4.50 (t, J = 6.0
Hz, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.11 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.13, 138.66, 136.95, 129.49, 129.09, 126.97, 126.10, 124.07, 122.18, 119.99,
110.47, 108.10, 44.35, 32.87, 26.31, 21.46; IR (KBr) 3284, 3061, 2927, 1598, 1321,1158, 1073, 737,
669 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C18H19ClN2NaO2S, m/z: 385.0753, found: 385.0742.
Compound 7g-i were synthesized from corresponding tryptamine over 2 steps .
To a stirred solution of substituted tryptamine (1.0 equiv) in DCM (0.50 M) at 0℃ were added Et3N
(1.2 equiv) and R7Cl (1.05 equiv) successively. The reaction system was stirred at room temperature
for 6h and then quenched with saturated NH4Cl. The resulted mixture was extracted with DCM and
the organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was
recrystallized (Et2O and petrol ether as eluent) to provide the crude intermediate 3.
To a solution of the crude intermediate 3 (1.0 equiv) above in DMF (0.21 M) at 0℃ was added NaH
(3.0 equiv, 60% dispersion in mineral oil). The reaction system was stirred at room temperature for
0.5 h, and then cooled to 0℃. A solution of MeI (1.1 equiv, in DMF) was subsequently added to this
reactiom mixture. The resulted solution was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, then quenched with
saturated NH4Cl, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water (6 times) and
brine, then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified by
column chromatography to afford 7g-i.
Page 17
17
N-(2-(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7g:
Compound 7g (2.48 g, 91%) was obtained from 5-chloro-tryptamine as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 105-
107℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (dd, J = 2.0 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 1H),
7.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.66 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.20
(q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.43,
136.52, 135.52, 129.66, 128.81, 128.26, 127.00, 124.80, 122.00, 118.03, 110.43, 109.62, 42.96, 32.85,
25.13, 21.57; IR (KBr) 3276, 3062, 2926, 1598, 1320, 1159, 1071, 737, 663 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd
for [M+Na]+ C18H19ClN2NaO2S, m/z: 385.0753, found: 385.0748.
N-(2-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7h:
Compound 7h (1.44 g, 44%) was obtained from 5-methyl-tryptamine as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 109-
113℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.63 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J =
8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 4.53 (bs, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.24 (q, J = 6.4 Hz,
2H), 2.87 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.20,
136.85, 135.64, 129.58, 128.18, 127.51, 127.45, 127.07, 123.45, 118.27, 109.28, 109.09, 43.16, 32.68,
25.35, 21.52, 21.44; IR (KBr) 3261, 3032, 2929, 1599, 1318, 1148, 1064, 738, 668 cm-1; HRMS (ESI)
calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H22N2NaO2S, m/z: 365.1300, found: 365.1283.
N-(2-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 7i:
Page 18
18
Compound 7i (1.60 g ,57%) was obtained from 5-methoxyl-tryptamine as a pale yellow solid. m.p.
114-116℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d,
J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.8 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 4.66 (t, J =
5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.21 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 153.81, 143.26, 136.76, 132.55, 129.58, 127.95, 127.62, 127.03,
112.04, 110.16, 109.41, 100.45, 55.88, 43.13, 32.79, 25.39, 21.49; IR (KBr) 3285, 3058, 2934, 1598,
1324, 1158, 1066, 736, 665 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H22N2NaO3S, m/z: 381.1249,
found: 381.1254.
Page 19
19
3. Screening of KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization conditions
Table S1. Screening of solvents [a]
Entry Solvent Time[b] dr[c] Yield [d]
1 THF 24 h - NR[e]
2 DME (1,2-dimethoxyethane) 24 h - R.D.[f]
3 Et2O 24 h - NR
4 1,4-dioxane 24 h - NR
5 EtOAc 24 h - NR
6 CH3CN 24 h - NR
7 Acetone 24 h - NR
8 DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) 24 h - NR
9 CH2Cl2 24 h - NR
10 CHCl3 24 h - NR
11 CCl4 24 h - R.D.
12 DCE (1,2-dichloroethane) 24 h - R.D.
13 MeOH 24 h - R.D.
14 EtOH 24 h - R.D.
15 i-PrOH 24 h - R.D.
16 TFE (Trifluoroethanol) 1.5 h 1.8:1 64%
17 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol 2 h 1.7:1 57%
18 H2O 24 h - ND
19 Benzene 24 h - R.D.
20 Toluene 24 h - R.D.
21 PhCl 24 h - R.D.
22 PhCF3 24 h - R.D.
[a] Unless otherwise noted, all reactions were carried with 5a (0.2 mmol), KI (20 mmol%) and NaBO3•4H2O (2.0 equiv) in 2 mL
solvent. [b] The time of which the reaction is completed (monitored by TLC) or the time of which the reaction is quenched (24 h). [c]
Determined by 1H NMR. [d] Determined by 1H NMR. [e] Not reacted. [f] Recovery of 5a and slightly decomposed.
On the basis of our initial efforts, additional solvents were screened to optimize the dimerization
reaction of 5a under the oxidative of NaBO3•4H2O. As shown in Table S1, various ether solvents
(entries 1-4), polar solvents (entries 5-8), halogenated alkane solvents (entries 9-12), protic solvents
(entries 13-18) and aromatic solvents (entries 19-22) were investigated. According to the results, only
polyfluoro substituted alcohol solvent could provide the desired products 6a and 6a′, while other
solvents screened generally behaved inactive in the catalytic oxidative dimerization of 5a.
Page 20
20
Table S2. Optimization of oxidants [a]
Entry Oxidant Time[b] dr[c] Yield [d]
1 NaBO3•4H2O 1.5 h 1.8:1 64%
2 H2O2 4 h 1.8:1 44%
3 H2O2 (3 equiv) 4 h 1.9:1 40%
4 tBuO2H (75% aqueous) 10 h 1.8:1 47%
5 tBuO2H (5.5 M in decane) 10 h 1.8:1 53%
6 air 24 h - NR[e]
7 O2 (1atm) 24 h - NR
8 m-CPBA 10 min - ND[f]
9 tBuO2tBu 24 h - NR
10 tBuO2Ac 24 h 1.9:1 10%
11 Ammonium peroxodisulfate 18 h 1.8:1 43%
12 Sodium carbonate peroxide 24 h 1.9:1 23%
13 potassium peroxodisulfate 24 h 1.8:1 19%
14 Oxone 25 min - 42%
15 Benzoyl peroxide 10 min - trace
[a] Unless otherwise noted, all reactions were carried with 5a (0.2 mmol), KI (20 mmol%) and oxidant (2.0 equiv) in 2 mL TFE. [b]
The time of which the reaction is completed (monitored by TLC) or the time of which the reaction is quenched (24 h). [c] Determined
by 1H NMR. [d] Determined by 1H NMR. [e] Not reacted. [f] Not dected.
Next, numerous oxidants were also applied to this reaction (Table S2). As a result, most oxidants
(entries 1-5, 10-14) were able to drive the desired reactions, giving different reaction yields and similar
diastereoselectivities. Among these screenings, NaBO3•4H2O was proven to be the optimal (64%
yield). Interestingly, both O2 and tBuO2tBu exhibits very low activities, however, m-CPBA and
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were too active in the reaction.
Page 21
21
Table S3. Screening of iodide catalysts [a]
Entry Catalyst Time[b] dr[c] Yield [d]
1 LiI 3.5 h 1.9:1 64%
2 NaI 2 h 1.9:1 65%
3 KI 1.5 h 1.8:1 64%
4 MgI2 5.5 h 1.9:1 65%
5 ZnI2 7 h 1.9:1 61%
6 CuI 24 h 1.9:1 45%
7 AgI 24 h - NR[e]
8 NH4+I- 1.5 h 1.9:1 63%
9 PhMe3+I- 2 h 1.8:1 65%
10 nBu4+I- 2 h 1.9:1 62%
11 Ph3(i-Pr)P+I- 2.5 h 1.9:1 63%
12 PhI 24 h - NR
[a] Unless otherwise noted, all reactions were carried with 5a (0.2 mmol), catalyst (20 mmol%) and NaBO3•4H2O (2.0 equiv) in 2
mL TFE. [b] The time of which the reaction is completed (monitored by TLC) or the time of which the reaction is quenched (24 h). [c]
Determined by 1H NMR. [d] Determined by 1H NMR. [e] Not reacted.
Subsequently, different iodide catalysts were also screened. Except for silver iodide and
iodobenzene, the other selected iodide catalysts could generally promote our target reaction with
similar results, although their reaction times were varied. Considering the reaction time and the cost
of material, potassium iodide was chosen as the optimal catalyst.
Page 22
22
Table S4. Screening of additives [a]
Entry Additive Time[b] dr[c] Yield [d]
1 3 ÅMS (60 mg) 24 h 2.0:1 32%
2 4 ÅMS (60 mg) 24 h 1.9:1 56%
3 5 ÅMS (60 mg) 2.5 h 1.8:1 64%
4 HCO2H (60 mg) 1.5 h 1.9:1 43%
5 HOAc 1 h 1.8:1 52%
6 PhCO2H 1.5 h 1.9:1 55%
7 B(OH)3 2 h 1.9:1 58%
8 Phenol 1.5 h 1.8:1 58%
9 4-Methoxyphenol 1.5 h 1.8:1 63%
10 4-Nitrophenol 1.5 h 2.0:1 45%
11 NaH2PO4•2H2O 2.5 h 1.9:1 62%
12 Na2HPO4 1.5 h 1.7:1 62%
13 NH4Cl 1 h 1.9:1 60%
14 NH4OAc 1 h 1.9:1 48%
15 NH4PF6 1 h 1.9:1 60%
16 NaHCO3 1.5 h 2.0:1 61%
17 KOAc 2 h 2.0:1 38%
18 K2CO3 24 h - ND[e]
[a] Unless otherwise noted, all reactions were carried with 5a (0.2 mmol), KI (20 mmol%), additive (1.0 equiv) and NaBO3•4H2O
(2.0 equiv) in 2 mL TFE. [b] The time of which the reaction is completed (monitored by TLC) or the time of which the reaction is
quenched (24 h). [c] Determined by 1H NMR. [d] Determined by 1H NMR. [e] Not dected.
Next, we further optimized the target reaction with various additives such as molecular sieves,
acids, bases and salts (Table S4). Unfortunately, none of the above screenings gave better results.
Page 23
23
Table S5. Screening of concentrations and the equivalent of reaction components. [a]
Entry x mol% y z Time[b] dr[c] Yield [d]
1 20 mol% 1.0 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 3 h 1.8:1 58%[e]
2 20 mol% 1.1 4 mL (c=0.05 M) 6.5 h 1.8:1 66%[e]
3 20 mol% 1.1 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 2 h 1.8:1 63%[e]
4 20 mol% 1.1 1 mL (c=0.2 M) 2 h 1.8:1 65%[e]
5 20 mol% 1.2 4 mL (c=0.05 M) 6 h 1.8:1 66%
6 20 mol% 1.2 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 2 h 1.8:1 68%
7 20 mol% 1.2 1 mL (c=0.2 M) 2 h 1.9:1 64%
8 20 mol% 1.3 4 mL (c=0.05 M) 4 h 1.8:1 66%
9 20 mol% 1.3 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 2 h 1.8:1 68%
10 20 mol% 1.3 1 mL (c=0.2 M) 2 h 1.8:1 64%
11 20 mol% 1.4 4 mL (c=0.05 M) 3 h 1.8:1 66%
12 20 mol% 1.4 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 2 h 1.8:1 67%
13 20 mol% 1.4 1 mL (c=0.2 M) 1 h 1.8:1 65%
14 20 mol% 1.5 4 mL (c=0.05 M) 2.5 h 1.8:1 67%
15 20 mol% 1.5 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 2 h 1.8:1 68%
16 20 mol% 1.5 4 mL (c=0.2 M) 2 h 1.8:1 65%
17 10 mol% 1.2 2 mL (c=0.1 M) 2 h 1.8:1 68%
[a] Unless otherwise noted, all reactions were carried with 5a (0.2 mmol), KI (x mmol%) and NaBO3•4H2O (y equiv) in z mL TFE.
[b] The time of which the reaction is completed (monitored by TLC). [c] Determined by 1H NMR. [d] Determined by 1H NMR. [e]
The repeatability of these reactions was not good.
Finally, we also carefully screened the concentrations of the reaction and the equivalent of
reaction components (Table S5). According to the results, when the concentration of the reaction was
chosen as 0.1 M, both 1.0 (entry 1) and 1.1 (entry 3) equivalent of oxidant (NaBO3•4H2O) were able
to provide the targeted products with acceptable results, but the repeatability of these reactions was
not good. However, when 1.2 equivalent of oxidant (entry 6) was used under this concentration, the
desired products could be well obtained with repeatable results (68% yield, 1.8:1 dr). In addition,
varying the concentrations (entries 5, 7) of the above reaction could not give a better result, however,
when the loading amount of catalyst (KI) was reduced to 10 mol%, the reaction could still provide 6a
and 6a′ with good results (entry 17). According to above screenings (Tables S1-5), we finally obtained
the optimal reaction conditions (Table S5, entry 17).
Page 24
24
In addition, it is necessary to specifically state that our diastereo ratios is determined by 1HNMR
of the crude reaction products, and the yield (NMR) is calibrated with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene as an
internal standard (Fig. S1).
Figure S1. 1H NMR used to identify diastereo ratio and NMR yield of 6a/6a'.
Page 25
25
4. KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization reactions
4.1 General procedure:
To a dry 10 mL reaction tube were added corresponding tryptamine or tryptophol (0.2 mmol), KI
(3.3 mg, 10 mol%), TFE (2 mL) and NaBO3•4H2O (37.0 mg, 1.2 equiv) successively under argon
atmosphere. The reaction system was stirred (1500 rmp) at room temperature until TLC indicated that
5 or 7 disappeared (1-3 h). The mixture was then quenched with saturated Na2S2O3 (aqueous) and
extracted with EtOAc (60 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (15 mL), dried over Na2SO4,
filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography to
afford the dimeric products.
4.2 Exemplificative explanation for the configurational assignments
In our study, most of the diastereomeric product pairs were not easy to be separated into single
isomer. In fact, similar situation was also occurred in recent related research.[3] For better
configurational assignments of each diastereoisomer (meso and racemic C2-symmetric dimer) of the
products, exemplificative explanations based on NMRs, HPLC, X-ray and other experimental data is
necessary.
At the beginning of this study, products provided by the KI-catalyzed dimerization of 5a were
purified by column chromatography and identified by NMRs respectively (Figure S2). It’s worth
noting that the racemic C2-symmetric dimer 6a has already been characterized by Xia and co-workers
previously (Figure S3).[4] Therefore, our major product showed in Fig. S2-A seems to be the C2-
symmetric dimer 6a and the minor (Fig. S2-B) was recognized as the meso dimer 6a' according to the
NMR characteristic and the high-resolution mass spectral analysis (HRMS) data. Investigating the
previous literature[4] in detail, we found that their configuration assignment of compound 6a was based
on the X-ray of a similar compound and the comparison of their NMR spectra. To further confirm this
conclusion, we performed a chiral HPLC analysis of compound Fig. S2-A (Figure S4). Since the
HPLC of this compound exhibits two peaks with equal integral areas, it is identified to be the C2-
symmetric 6a rather than the meso- 6a'.
Page 26
26
Figure S2. 1HNMR of the products provided by the KI-catalyzed dimerization of 5a.
Page 27
27
Figure S3. 1HNMR of 6a provided by Xia and co-workers.
Figure S4. Chiral HPLC analysis of compound from Fig. S2-A
Another example supports the configuration assignments of this manuscript is 6b/6b'. The relative
configuration of compound 6b is reported by Liang and co-workers via conversion to (±)-
folicanthine.[5] Here, we double-checked this conclusion via X-ray of 6b (Figure S5-A) and chiral
HPLC analysis (Figure S5-B) of the diastereomeric 6b/6b' mixture.
Page 28
28
Figure S5. A) X-ray of 6b and B) the chiral HPLC of diastereomeric 6b/6b'
Moreover, compound 8k which is obtained in high diastereoselectivity (> 20:1 dr) was also subject
to chiral HPLC for confirming our configuration assignment. To our delight, this compound exhibits
two peaks with equal integral areas, revealing that 8k is the C2-symmetric dimer (Figure S6).
Figure S6. The chiral HPLC of 8k.
Page 29
29
4.3 Characterization of the products:
1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6a and 6a′:
Compound 6a and 6aʹ was obtained (38.9 mg, 62% yield, 1.8:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5a following the general procedure. Compound 6a has already been characterized by
Xia and co-workers,[4] the configurational assignments of 6a and 6aʹ were confirmed by HPLC
spectrum and comparison of the NMRs.
Compound 6a: White solid; m.p. 226-227℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.28-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.16-
7.09 (m, 6H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.62-6.57 (m, 2H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 4.68
(s, 2H), 3.17-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 6H), 2.30-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.02 (m, 2H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 150.07, 142.97, 135.41, 129.83, 129.34, 127.37, 126.53, 124.49, 119.06,
110.37, 81.26, 61.33, 46.84, 32.31, 21.52; IR (KBr) 3393, 1607, 1467, 1334, 1158, 1031, 737, 662
cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C34H34N4NaO4S2, m/z: 649.1919, found: 649.1925. Relative
configuration of 6a is confirmed by HPLC (IA-3, Hexane/Isopropanol 70/30, flow rate = 1.0 mL/min,
240 nm): tr1 =17.56 min; tr2 = 24.63 min.
Compound 6a′: White solid; m.p. 252-255℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,
4H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.06 (td, J = 7.8 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 6.58-6.51 (m, 4H), 6.44 (d, J = 6.4
Hz, 2H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.57 (bs, 2H), 3.33 (dd, J = 10.8 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (td, J = 11.2 Hz, 6.0 Hz,
2H), 2.46 (s, 6H), 2.00 (dd, J = 12.4 Hz, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 1.58 (td, J = 11.6 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR
(100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 149.78, 143.85, 136.35, 129.86, 129.20, 127.87, 126.83, 123.66, 119.00, 109.77,
80.01, 62.50, 47.13, 33.84, 21.58; IR (KBr) 3390, 2952, 1609, 1468, 1335, 1159, 1028, 734, 662 cm-
1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C34H34N4NaO4S2, m/z: 649.1919, found: 649.1918.
8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6b and
6b′:
Page 30
30
Compound 6b and 6b′ was obtained (60.9 mg, 93% yield, 2.9:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5b following the general procedure as a white solid. Compound 6b has already been
characterized by Liang and co-workers,[5] the configurational assignments of 6b and 6bʹ were
confirmed by HPLC spectrum, X-ray and comparison of the NMRs. Actually, in view of the difficulty
in separating the diastereomeric products, most of the configurational assignments of racemic C2-
symmetric and meso dimeric product were established via comparison of the NMRs with 6a/6aʹ and
6b/6bʹ. These also proved to be consistent with previous reports[3] (6n and 6nʹ) and got verified by
representative examples mentioned in “section 4.2” of this supporting information.
m.p. 103-105℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1.43H), 7.38-7.34 (m, 4+1.51H),
7.23-7.19 (m, 6H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 0.77H), 6.84 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.63 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.50-
6.44 (m, 2+0.67H), 6.30 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.71H), 6.18 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 0.60H), 5.04 (s, 2.0H), 4.99 (s,
0.68H), 3.51 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 0.70H), 3.22 (dd, J = 6.8 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (s, 6H), 2.88-
2.80 (m, 0.80H), 2.77-2.69 (m, 3.99H), 2.46 (s, 2.13H), 2.42 (s, 6H), 1.89-1.72 (m, 4+0.62H), 1.41-
1.32 (m, 0.77H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 151.60, 151.49, 143.86, 142.94, 136.99, 136.05,
129.93, 129.48, 129.33, 128.27, 127.69, 127.13, 126.99, 124.54, 123.24, 117.69, 117.32, 106.92,
106.57, 87.21, 85.32, 62.06, 60.40, 47.67, 47.44, 34.23, 32.58, 31.57, 31.47, 21.53, 21.49; IR (KBr)
3053, 2949, 1604, 1491, 1343, 1157, 1010, 739, 659 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C36H38N4NaO4S2, m/z: 677.2232, found: 677.2216. Relative configuration of 6b/6b' is confirmed by
HPLC (IA-3, Hexane/Isopropanol 70/30, flow rate = 1.0 mL/min, 240 nm): tr1 =10.59 min (6b'); tr2 =
11.43 min (6b); tr3 = 19.12 min (6b).
8,8'-diethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6c and
6c′:
Page 31
31
Compound 6c and 6c′ was obtained (61.9 mg, 91% yield, 1.4:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5c following the general procedure as a pale yellow solid. m.p. 191-193℃; 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.87H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.90H),
7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.01 (m, 1.23H), 6.87-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.58 (t, J = 7.4 Hz,
2H), 6.46 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.41 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1.25H), 6.33-6.21 (m, 2.21H), 5.29 (s, 3H), 3.62-
3.38 (m, 4+2.95H), 3.28-3.22 (m, 2+1.29H), 2.86 (td, J = 11.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1.39H), 2.75 (td, J = 12.4
Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3.97H), 2.42 (s, 6H), 1.89-1.73 (m, 2+3.37H), 1.46 (bs, 1.39H), 1.25 (t, J =
7.0 Hz, 6H), 0.92 (bs, 2+1.35H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 150.46, 150.28, 143.73, 143.08,
137.30, 136.35, 129.92, 129.88, 129.26, 129.13, 128.14, 127.52, 127.26, 127.10, 124.80, 123.67,
116.95, 116.62, 106.32, 105.67, 85.64, 83.36, 62.05, 60.90, 47.31, 47.18, 38.84, 38.29, 35.12, 33.30,
21.51, 12.70, 11.89; IR (KBr) 3051, 2972, 1603, 1491, 1344, 1157, 1031, 741, 660 cm-1; HRMS (ESI)
calcd for [M+Na]+ C38H42N4NaO4S2, m/z: 705.2545, found: 705.2527.
8,8'-diallyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6d and
6d′:
Compound 6d and 6d′ was obtained (65.6 mg, 93% yield, 1.5:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5d following the general procedure as a pale white solid. m.p. 113-115℃; 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.98H), 7.43 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 7.35 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2.97H),
7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.13 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.52H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H),
6.61 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.46 (m, 1.45H), 6.33 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.57H), 5.94-
Page 32
32
5.84 (m, 2H), 5.29-5.06 (m, 11.98H), 4.31 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (bs, 1.26H), 3.89 (dd, J
=11.2 Hz, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1.36H), 3.49-3.46 (m, 1.36H), 3.26 (dd, J = 6.8 Hz, 4.8
Hz, 2H), 2.87 (td, J = 12.0 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 1.40H), 2.76 (td, J = 11.6 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3.84H),
2.42 (s, 6H), 1.88-1.73 (m, 4+1.21H), 1.32 (bs, 1.36H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 150.85,
150.68, 143.96, 143.19, 136.98, 136.00, 134.59, 133.96, 130.01, 129.94, 129.18, 129.12, 128.14,
127.70, 127.20, 127.05, 124.68, 123.35, 117.70, 117.32, 116.37, 107.95, 107.04, 86.72, 84.28, 62.13,
60.82, 48.10, 47.41, 47.31, 35.03, 33.14, 21.54; IR (KBr) 3056, 2975, 1603, 1489, 1344, 1157, 1051,
741, 660 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C34H34N4NaO4S2, m/z: 729.2545, found: 729.2530.
8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 6f and 6f′:
Compound 6f and 6f′ was obtained (58.9 mg, 93% yield, 2.7:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5f following the general procedure as pale yellow solid. m.p. 123-125℃; 1H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.77 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.55H), 7.74 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 0.85H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 2+1.78H),
7.45-7.39 (m, 8H), 7.23 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.79H), 6.84 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.64
(t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.51-6.45 (m, 2.74H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.73H), 6.21 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 0.63H),
5.06 (s, 2+0.66H), 3.54 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 0.74H), 3.23 (dd, J = 6.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (s,
6H), 2.90-2.71 (m, 2+2.94H), 1.92-1.76 (m, 4+0.69H), 1.47-1.42 (m, 0.82H); 13C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3): δ 151.54, 151.51, 140.08, 139.11, 132.85, 132.21, 129.57, 129.39, 129.28, 128.31, 127.57,
127.13, 127.05, 124.51, 123.32, 117.96, 117.45, 106.99, 106.67, 87.30, 85.42, 62.22, 60.41, 47.65,
47.38, 34.35, 32.58, 31.80, 31.57; IR (KBr) 3057, 2947, 1605, 1492, 1344, 1157, 1051, 741, 690 cm-
1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C34H34N4NaO4S2, m/z: 649.1919, found: 649.1916.
8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-
bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6g and 6g′:
Page 33
33
Compound 6g and 6g′ was obtained (63.9 mg, 89% yield, 2.6:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5g following the general procedure as a yellow solid. m.p. 127-131℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.35 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1.54H), 8.16 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1.51H),
7.43 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 7.35 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 0.83H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H),
6.74-6.55 (m, 4+0.78H), 6.36-6.31 (m, 1.47H), 5.22 (s, 0.75H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 3.67 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 4.0
Hz, 0.81H), 3.27-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.04 (s, 6H), 2.91-2.77 (m, 2+0.98H), 2.62 (s, 2.19H), 2.13 (dd, J =
7.2 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 0.84H), 2.01-1.84 (m, 4+0.75H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 151.57, 151.44,
150.06, 149.50, 145.90, 144.63, 130.19, 129.81, 128.17, 128.02, 127.02, 124.70, 124.52, 124.40,
123.61, 118.43, 118.34, 107.60, 107.29, 87.33, 86.03, 62.49, 59.99, 47.70, 47.67, 35.01, 32.79, 32.32,
31.76; IR (KBr) 3103, 3057, 2949, 1604, 1492, 1350, 1161, 1091, 740, 686 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd
for [M+Na]+ C34H32N6NaO8S2, m/z: 739.1621, found: 739.1593.
8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis(naphthalen-2-ylsulfonyl)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-
bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6h and 6h′:
Compound 6h and 6h′ was obtained (65.2 mg, 90% yield, 2.7:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5h following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 83-86℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.28 (s, 2+0.60H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 0.77H), 7.93 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2+0.74H), 7.89
(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.74H), 7.68-7.56 (m, 4+2.66H),
7.26 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.8 Hz, 1.2 Hz,
Page 34
34
0.73H), 6.77 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.48-6.41 (m, 4+0.79H), 6.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.74H), 6.14 (d, J = 6.4
Hz, 0.69H), 5.21 (s, 0.71H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 3.46 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 0.74H), 3.30 (dd, J = 4.8 Hz,
6.8Hz, 2H), 2.96 (s, 6H), 2.84-2.73 (m, 2+3.37H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.59
(m, 1.29H), 1.36-1.22 (m, 1.97H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ 151.47, 151.41, 136.63, 135.89,
134.70, 134.59, 132.02, 131.90, 129.93, 129.86, 129.55, 129.37, 129.35, 128.94, 128.87, 128.72,
128.50, 128.25, 128.01, 127.73, 127.70, 127.46, 127.36, 124.32, 123.29, 121.97, 117.66, 117.38,
106.74, 106.64, 87.22, 85.50, 62.14, 60.56, 47.58, 47.47, 34.32, 32.76, 31.80, 31.49; IR (KBr) 3057,
2948, 1605, 1340, 1156, 1077, 749, 657 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C42H38N4NaO4S2, m/z:
749.2232, found: 749.2201.
8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis(methylsulfonyl)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 6i and 6i′:
Compound 6i and 6i′ was obtained (38.5 mg, 77% yield, 2.0:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5i following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 243-248℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, d6-DMSO): δ 7.39 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.99H),
6.71(t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.63-6.57 (m, 2+0.95H), 6.53 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.02H), 5.08 (s, 1.00H), 4.40 (s,
2H), 4.04 (s, 1.22H), 3.62-3.53 (m, 2+0.66H), 3.34 (s, 6H), 2.91 (s, 2.74H), 2.80 (s, 6H), 2.75- 2.53(m,
2+5.44H), 2.34-2.23 (m, 4+0.21H), 2.14 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, d6-DMSO): δ 157.15, 156.60,
134.97, 134.57, 134.45, 132.73, 130.78, 128.98, 123.10, 122.65, 112.76, 111.66, 91.21, 90.72, 67.40,
65.82, 53.17, 52.26, 43.39, 40.80, 39.39, 38.17, 37.64, 36.12; IR (KBr) 1602, 1493, 1328, 1150, 1085,
764, 601, 518 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C24H30N4NaO4S2, m/z: 525.1606, found:
525.1589.
8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-
bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole, 6j and 6j′:
Page 35
35
Compound 6j and 6j′ was obtained (52.3 mg, 80% yield, 2.7:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5j following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 166-170℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.25 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.14 (m, 2+0.76H), 6.81 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (t, J
= 7.2 Hz, 0.75H), 6.51 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.39-6.32 (m, 1.28H), 5.27 (s, 0.66H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 3.89-
3.83 (m, 0.75H), 3.70 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.16-3.08 (m, 0.83H), 3.03-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.93 (s,
6H), 2.67-2.59 (m, 2+2.18H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 1.43H), 2.31 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100
MHz, CDCl3): δ 150.98, 150.46, 130.47, 130.09, 127.30, 126.20, 124.80, 124.29, 123.56, 121.76,
121.58, 118.77, 118.54, 118.40, 118.37, 115.15, 107.10, 87.64, 86.91, 62.53, 61.14, 48.90, 48.45,
35.04, 33.12, 32.12, 31.75; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ -73.52, -75.64; IR (KBr) 3057, 2956, 1605,
1343, 1147, 1078, 750, 626, 598 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C24H24F6N4NaO4S2, m/z:
633.1041, found: 633.1015.
1,1'-bis(benzylsulfonyl)-8,8'-dimethyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 6k and 6k′:
Compound 6k and 6k′ was obtained (58.5 mg, 89% yield, 1.5:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5k following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 211-213℃; 1H NMR (600
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.31-7.21 (m, 15.77H), 7.19 (d, J = 12.6 Hz, 2H), 7.16-7.13 (m, 5.55H), 6.68 (t, J =
7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.59-6.55 (m, 2+1.27H), 6.41 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1.36H), 5.17 (s, 0.85H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 4.19
(q, J = 13.2 Hz, 2.74H), 3.77 (q, J = 13.2 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (dd, J = 7.8 Hz, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J = 8.4
Page 36
36
Hz, 1.34H), 3.01 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (s, 6H), 2.83-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.51 (m, 2+4.92H), 2.23-
2.16 (m, 2+1.50H), 2.10-2.07 (m, 1.35H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ 152.11, 151.84, 130.88,
130.72, 130.21, 129.55, 129.21, 128.86, 128.54, 128.52, 128.47, 128.41, 128.37, 127.13, 124.90,
123.82, 118.13, 117.59, 107.68, 106.80, 86.12, 85.91, 62.71, 61.03, 59.40, 56.40, 48.10, 47.50, 34.93,
33.64, 33.42, 31.28; IR (KBr) 3059, 2950, 1604, 1338,1150, 1075, 738, 624 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd
for [M+Na]+ C36H38N4NaO4S2, m/z: 677.2232, found: 677.2207.
1,1'-(-8,8'-dimethyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-[3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole]-1,1'-
diyl)bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-one), 6l and 6l′:
Compound 6l and 6l′ was obtained (40.5 mg, 75% yield, 2.9:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5l following the general procedure as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ
7.19-7.13 (m, 2+0.85H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 0.72H),
6.43-6.38 (m, 2+1.31H), 5.50 (s, 0.61H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 0.70H), 3.90-3.85 (m, 2 H), 3.26-
3.16 (m, 0.72H), 3.11 (td, J = 11.6 Hz, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (s, 6H), 2.72(s, 1.84H), 2.50 (td, J = 12.4 Hz,
7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.38-2.25 (m, 2+1.59H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ 156.31, 156.27, 156.07, 156.03,
155.82, 155.78, 155.58, 155.54, 130.05, 129.87, 128.03, 127.21, 123.73, 123.58, 119.05, 118.99,
118.10, 117.91, 117.14, 117.08, 115.23, 115.17, 113.32, 113.26, 107.20, 106.62, 84.18, 83.59, 60.11,
59.21, 45.80, 34.60, 33.62, 33.33, 32.89; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ -71.66, -71.67; IR (KBr)
3056, 2953, 1606, 1349,1143, 1060, 744, 639 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C26H24F6N4NaO2,
m/z: 561.1701, found: 561.1691.
8,8'-dimethyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-3a,3'a-bifuro[2,3-b]indole, 6o and 6o′:
Page 37
37
Compound 6n and 6n′ was obtained (32.8 mg, 94% yield, 3.4:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 5n following the general procedure as a colorless oil. Compound 6n and 6n′ has
already been characterized by Ren and co-workers,[3] the configurational assignments of 6n and 6nʹ
were confirmed by comparison of the NMRs.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.13-7.05 (m, 4+0.50H), 6.60 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.53-6.51 (m, 0.70H),
6.33 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.57H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 5.11 (s, 0.58H), 4.02 (t, J = 8.0 Hz,
0.58H), 3.92 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.46-3.40 (m, 0.58H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 2.72 (s, 1.75H),
2.48-2.39 (m, 2+0.57H), 2.23 (dd, J = 7.2 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 0.59H), 2.06 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 151.88, 151.84, 130.46, 130.28, 128.69, 124.08, 123.86, 116.98, 116.94,
105.02, 104.95, 101.28, 100.72, 66.84, 66.76, 61.35, 60.93, 37.75, 36.76, 30.97, 30.62; IR (KBr) 3051,
2942, 1605, 1303, 1156, 1040, 744, 659 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C22H24N2NaO2, m/z:
371.1735, found: 371.1738.
7,7'-dichloro-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8a and 8a′:
Compound 8a and 8a′ was obtained (48.5 mg, 68% yield, 2.1:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7a following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 86-89℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.74 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.86H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 2+0.90H), 7.06
(dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 0.44H), 6.75 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H),
Page 38
38
6.59-6.52 (m, 1+0.44H), 6.18 (bs, 0.38H), 5.05 (s, 0.40H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 3.65-3.59 (m, 0.48H), 3.45-
3.39 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.90 (s, 1.09H), 2.77-2.69 (m, 1+0.46H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s, 1.33H),
2.12-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.82 (dd, J = 12.4 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 0.93H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 147.87,
146.62, 143.50, 143.39, 136.83, 136.45, 132.89, 131.65, 131.34, 131.25, 129.86, 129.60, 127.29,
127.18, 123.01, 122.06, 120.29, 119.22, 116.57, 115.17, 88.52, 88.08, 62.52, 60.91, 46.86, 46.64,
37.09, 36.23, 34.53, 33.53, 21.49; IR (KBr) 3065, 2949, 1598, 1344, 1159, 1093, 733, 663 cm-1;
HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C36H36Cl2N4NaO4S2, m/z: 745.1447, found: 745.1425.
7,7',8,8'-tetramethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole,
8b and 8b′:
Compound 8b and 8b′ was obtained (64.1 mg, 94% yield, 3.2:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7b following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 105-108℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.73 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1.34H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 4+1.60H), 6.90
(d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.64H), 6.76 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.52
(bs, 0.48H), 4.98 (bs, 0.62H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 3.64 (dd, J = 9.6 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 0.62H), 3.32 (dd, J = 10.8 Hz,
7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (s, 6H), 2.79-2.71 (m, 2+1.14H), 2.41 (s, 6H), 2.39 (s, 2.04H), 2.31 (s, 6H), 2.27-
2.13 (m, 1.14H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 2+2.47H), 1.83 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (150 MHz,
CDCl3): δ 149.73, 143.02, 142.86, 137.66, 136.90, 132.62, 131.91, 129.63, 129.29, 129.12, 127.21,
127.15, 122.59, 121.45, 120.02, 119.93, 118.94, 89.25, 89.07, 62.76, 60.54, 46.71, 46.52, 38.62, 37.24,
34.78, 33.34, 21.45, 21.40, 19.20, 18.57; IR (KBr) 3054, 2958, 1596, 1340, 1158, 1072, 737, 671 cm-
1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C38H42N4NaO4S2, m/z: 705.2545, found: 705.2510.
6,6'-difluoro-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8c and 8c′:
Page 39
39
Compound 8c and 8c′ was obtained (57.1 mg, 83% yield, 2.8:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7c following the general procedure as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ
7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.46H), 7.41-7.36 (m, 4+1.46H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 6.66 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz,
5.2 Hz, 2H), 6.23-6.13 (m, 4+1.35H),6.02 (d, J = 10 Hz, 0.73H), 4.98 (s, 0.73H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 3.54
(dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 0.73H), 3.35-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.96 (s, 6H), 2.91-2.74 (m, 2+2.97H), 2.47 (s,
2.07H), 2.44 (s, 6H), 1.80-1.66 (m, 4+0.92H), 1.37-1.30 (m, 0.81H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ
165.42, 165.40, 163.81, 163.78, 153.26, 153.18, 153.07, 152.99, 144.12, 143.31, 136.82, 135.99,
130.01, 129.93, 127.11, 126.96, 124.99, 124.92, 123.88, 123.81, 123.55, 122.90, 103.84, 103.69,
103.47, 103.31, 94.97, 94.80, 94.48, 94.30, 87.10, 85.51, 61.60, 60.09, 47.66, 47.63, 34.33, 32.59,
31.43, 31.33, 21.53, 21.46; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ -111.89, -112.37; IR (KBr) 3061, 2950,
1614, 1345, 1158, 1093, 738, 692 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C36H36F2N4NaO4S2, m/z:
713.2044, found: 713.2016.
6,6'-dichloro-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8d and 8d′:
Compound 8d and 8d′ was obtained (50.3 mg, 70% yield, 2.8:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7d following the general procedure as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ
7.43 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 0.62H), 7.39-7.34 (m, 2+0.62H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H),
6.50-6.45 (m, 2+0.39H), 6.30 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 0.32H), 6.16 (bs, 0.29H), 5.00 (s, 0.27H), 4.93(s, 1H),
Page 40
40
3.54 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 0.33H), 3.45-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.97(s, 3H), 2.88-2.74 (m, 1+1.26H), 2.47
(s, 0.90H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.68 (m, 2+0.39H), 1.40-1.31(m, 0.42H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3):
δ 152.66, 152.44, 144.15, 143.33, 136.76, 135.83, 135.51, 135.35, 130.02, 129.94, 126.98, 126.87,
126.65, 126.02, 125.04, 123.89, 117.66, 117.20, 107.26, 106.75, 86.89, 85.27, 61.60, 59.96, 47.62,
34.30, 32.42, 31.43, 31.30, 21.56, 21.51. IR (KBr) 3056, 2924, 1600, 1345, 1159, 1092, 739, 660 cm-
1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C36H36Cl2N4NaO4S2, m/z: 745.1447, found: 745.1421.
6,6',8,8'-tetramethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole,
8e and 8e′:
Compound 8e and 8e′ was obtained (61.6 mg, 90% yield, 3.9:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7e following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 188-195℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.02H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 4+1.02H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 6.70(d,
J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.43 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.32 (s, 2H), 6.29 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.51H), 6.14-6.09 (m,
0.91H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.98 (s, 0.51H), 3.48 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 0.51H), 3.19 (dd, J = 11.6 Hz, 7.2
Hz, 2H), 2.96 (s, 6H), 2.88-2.80 (m, 0.57H), 2.78-2.70 (m, 2+1.54H) , 2.45 (s, 1.55H), 2.42 (s, 6H),
2.37 (s, 6H), 2.24 (s, 1.53H), 1.85-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.67 (m, 2+0.56H), 1.38-1.29 (m, 1.09H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 151.82, 151.71, 143.74, 142.84, 139.27, 139.21, 137.11, 136.16, 129.86,
129.76, 127.16, 127.00, 125.63, 125.04, 124.29, 123.00, 118.49, 118.08, 107.86, 107.45, 87.56, 85.69,
61.86, 60.13, 47.60, 47.42, 34.32, 32.49, 31.60, 31.47, 21.81, 21.64, 21.50; IR (KBr) 3046, 2948,
1612, 1343, 1159, 1093, 740, 692 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C38H42N4NaO4S2, m/z:
705.2545, found: 705.2516.
6,6'-dimethoxy-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8f and 8f′:
Page 41
41
Compound 8f and 8f′ was obtained (79% yield, 2.8:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization
of 7f following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 163-165℃; 1H NMR[7] (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.30H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (d, J = 10.4 Hz,
0.14H), 6.67 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.93H), 6.13 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.06 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.01
(dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 0.11H), 5.88 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 0.11H), 5.00 (s, 1H), 4.96 (s, 0.11H), 3.85 (s, 3H),
3.74(s, 0.34H), 3.50 (dd, J = 12 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 0.12H), 3.23 (dd, J = 11.6 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H),
2.91-2.84 (m, 0.23H), 2.81-2.74 (m, 1.25H), 2.46 (s, 0.36H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.82-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.35-
1.29 (m, 0.27H); 13C NMR[7] (100 MHz, CD3CN): δ 162.91, 154.12, 145.81, 144.92, 138.20, 137.56,
131.63, 131.31, 128.27, 128.22, 126.24, 125.36, 121.44, 104.24, 103.63, 94.72, 94.35, 88.94, 87.31,
61.69, 56.36, 49.20, 49.02, 35.23, 33.63, 32.55, 21.99; IR (KBr) 2948, 1618, 1597, 1331, 1158, 1091,
748, 659 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C38H42N4NaO6S2, m/z: 737.2438, found: 737.2409.
5,5'-dichloro-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8g and 8g′:
Compound 8g and 8g′ was obtained (79% yield, 2.9:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization
of 7g following the general procedure as a colorless oil. 1H NMR[8] (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61 (d, J =
8.0 Hz, 2.58H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.58H), 7.22-7.20 (m, 10H), 7.07 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1.29H),
6.71 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.26 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1.28H), 6.15 (bs, 1.28H), 5.00
(s, 2H), 4.95(s, 1.30H), 3.54 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 1.29H), 3.23 (dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.01
(s, 6H), 2.91-2.77 (m, 2+5.46H), 2.48 (s, 4.00H), 2.45 (s, 6H), 1.78-1.67 (m, 4+1.39H), 1.35-1.28 (m,
Page 42
42
1.86H); 13C NMR[8] (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 150.36, 150.06, 144.19, 143.52, 136.79, 135.48, 130.10,
130.06, 129.65, 129.60, 129.42, 129.18, 127.03, 126.92, 124.91, 123.43, 122.63, 122.07, 108.03,
107.33, 87.21, 85.34, 61.98, 59.90, 47.74, 47.44, 34.03, 32.30, 31.64, 31.55, 21.58; IR (KBr) 3059,
2925, 1599, 1340, 1159, 1092, 742, 661 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C34H34Cl2N4NaO4S2,
m/z: 745.1453, found: 745.1421.
5,5',8,8'-tetramethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole,
8h and 8h′:
Compound 8h and 8h′ was obtained (63.3 mg, 93% yield, 1.5:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7h following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 219-223℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.77H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.87H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H),
7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.35H), 6.61 (s, 2H), 6.41 (d, J
= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.20 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.36H), 5.96 (s, 1.24H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.95 (s, 1.37H), 3.50 (dd, J =
12.0 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1.37H), 3.19 (dd, J = 11.2 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (s, 6H), 2.86 (td, J = 12.4 Hz, 4.8
Hz, 1.46H), 2.74 (td, J = 11.6 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3.63H), 2.45 (s, 4.11H), 2.41 (s, 6H), 2.20 (s,
6H), 2.07 (s, 4.11H), 1.85-1.70 (m, 4+1.38H), 1.38-1.30 (m, 1.68H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ
149.65, 149.57, 143.73, 142.69, 137.11, 136.14, 129.85, 129.82, 129.50, 128.51, 127.90, 127.12,
127.00, 126.50, 126.44, 125.70, 124.13, 106.86, 106.35, 87.52, 85.71, 62.21, 60.14, 47.67, 47.48,
34.01, 32.37, 31.95, 31.69, 21.50, 21.46, 21.00, 20.63; IR (KBr) 3024, 2922, 1598, 1340, 1158, 1092,
754, 658 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C38H42N4NaO4S2, m/z: 705.2545, found: 705.2515.
5,5'-dimethoxy-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8i and 8i′:
Page 43
43
Compound 8i and 8i′ was obtained (52.5 mg, 73% yield, 2.3:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7i following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 199-203℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.20H), 7.17
(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1.89H), 6.81 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 0.92H), 6.66 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 6.44
(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 0.98H), 6.41 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 0.93H), 6.25 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.87 (s, 2H), 5.05 (s,
0.92H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 2.78H), 3.55 (s, 6H), 3.52-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.19 (dd, J = 11.6 Hz, 6.8 Hz,
0.95H), 2.95 (s, 2.77H), 2.84 (td, J = 12.4 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.77-2.69 (m, 6+0.94H), 2.46 (s, 6H), 2.42
(s, 2.78H), 1.84-1.69 (m, 2+2.02H), 1.39-1.25 (m, 2+1.14H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ 152.42,
152.39, 146.11, 143.85, 142.93, 137.00, 135.86, 129.90, 129.83, 129.64, 128.99, 127.11, 127.04,
114.55, 114.09, 111.99, 110.48, 107.50, 107.23, 87.98, 86.00, 62.13, 60.19, 56.02, 55.51, 47.62, 47.39,
34.24, 32.47, 32.39, 31.99, 21.54, 21.43; IR (KBr) 3057, 2949, 1597, 1344, 1158, 1092, 738, 659 cm-
1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C38H42N4NaO6S2, m/z: 737.2443, found: 737.2411.
4,4'-difluoro-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8j and 8j′:
Compound 8j and 8j′ was obtained (53.9 mg, 72% yield, 11.7:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7j following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 215-218℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.28 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 3H), 6.29-6.24 (m, 2H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 3.32
(dd, J = 12.0 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.88 (td, J = 11.6 Hz, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.26 (dd,
Page 44
44
J = 12.4 Hz, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 160.68, 158.25, 153.89,
153.80, 143.04, 135.81, 131.50, 131.40, 129.88, 126.94, 112.22, 112.06, 105.68, 105.45, 102.87,
102.85, 87.41, 87.39, 61.48, 48.30, 31.63, 31.22, 31.19, 21.53; IR (KBr) 3064, 2925, 1595, 1346, 1160,
1093, 743, 658 cm-1; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ -116.10; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C36H36F2N4NaO4S2, m/z: 713.2038, found: 713.2020.
4,4'-dichloro-8,8'-dimethyl-1,1'-ditosyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole, 8k and 8k′:
Compound 8k and 8k′ was obtained (33.6 mg, 46% yield, >20:1 dr) via the KI-catalyzed oxidative
dimerization of 7k following the general procedure as a white solid. m.p. 198-202℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.19-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.0
Hz, 1H), 5.15 (s, 1H), 3.24 (dd, J = 11.6 Hz, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.87-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H),
1.62-1.53 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 153.94, 142.97, 135.25, 131.71, 130.94, 129.87,
126.90, 122.90, 120.19, 105.79, 87.71, 63.19, 48.79, 31.71, 30.80, 21.50; IR (KBr) 3057, 2924, 1598,
1341, 1159, 1092, 743, 659 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C36H36Cl2N4NaO4S2, m/z:
745.1453, found: 745.1420. Relative configuration of 8k is confirmed by HPLC (IA-3,
Hexane/Isopropanol 70/30, flow rate = 1.0 mL/min, 240 nm): tr1 =9.07 min; tr2 = 12.06 min.
Page 45
45
5. Gram-scale of KI-catalyzed oxidative dimerization reactions
To a dry 100 mL reaction round-bottom flask were added tryptamine 7f (1.00 g, 2.79 mmol, 1.0 equiv),
KI (46.3 mg, 0.279 mmol, 0.1 equiv), TFE (28 mL) and NaBO3•4H2O (515 mg, 3.35 mmol, 1.2 equiv)
successively under argon atmosphere. The reaction system was stirred at room temperature until TLC
indicated that 7f disappeared (3h). The mixture was then quenched with saturated Na2S2O3 (aqueous)
and extracted with EtOAc (60 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (15 mL), dried over
Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated by vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (Toluene:EtOAc=200:1 to 60:1) to afford the dimeric products 8f and 8f′ (69% yield,
2.8:1 dr). The dr of 8f/8f' were determined by 1H NMR (Fig. S7).
Figure S7. The dr of 8f/8f' were determined by 1H NMR.
Page 46
46
6. Additional description of the proposed mechanism
Scheme S1. Control experiments for the mechanistic study.
Scheme S2. The plausible mechanism of electrophilic (hypo)iodites “I+” pathway in our reaction
In our manuscript, we have already elucidated the mechanism (Scheme S2) of the catalytic
oxidative coupling/cyclizations reaction according to the control experiments (Scheme S1). Herein,
we will make an interpretation of the proposed stereo-control model (Scheme S2) based on our
experimental results and previous reports.
Page 47
47
Scheme S3. The proposed stereo-control model
According to the proposed model (Scheme S3), the observed major product 6 or 8 could be
obtained from stereo-control model M-1, while the minor product 6′ or 8′ was generated via M-2.
Therefore, we suspect that the key to the diastereoselectivity of our reaction lies in the difference in
steric hindrance between the above two models. As shown in Scheme S3, the main steric hindrance of
M-1 and M-2 lie in Region 1(the steric hindrance between pyrrolidine “c” of the carbocation
intermediate and the aromatic ring region of another tryptamine) and Region 2 (the steric hindrance
between aromatic ring region of the carbocation intermediate and the aromatic ring region of another
tryptamine) respectively. Since the later behaved to be more hindered than the former, the reaction
gives the dimeric 6 or 8 rather than 6′ or 8′ as the major product.
Scheme S4. The observed diastereoselectivity in our reaction
Based on the stereo-control model, the substituents at C4 of tryptamine substrates might have
great influence on the stereoselectivity of the reaction. To further illustrate this model, the reaction of
5b, 7j and 7k were selected for discussion. As shown in Scheme S4, the less hindered C4-H substituted
tryptamine 5b gave a moderate diastereoselectivity (Scheme S4, a, 6b:6b′=2.9:1), while the hindered
C4-F substituted tryptamine 7j provided good diastereoselectivity (Scheme S4, b, 8j:8j′=11.7:1). In
Page 48
48
additional, the more hindered C4-Cl substituted tryptamine 7k could react to give excellent
diastereoselectivity (Scheme S4, c, 8k:8k′>20:1). These experimental results could strongly support
our speculated stereo-control model.
Page 49
49
7. Total synthesis of (+)-WIN 64821
Scheme S5. Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-WIN 64821.
Methyl 1-allyl-Na-((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-L-tryptophanate, 10:
To a stirred solution of L-tryptophane 9 (4.08 g, 20 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in N,N-dimethylformamide (80
mL) under 0℃ was added NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 2.40 g, 3.0 equiv) portionwise (0.80
g×3). The reaction mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2 h and cooled to 0℃ again. Allyl
bromide (1.73 mL, 1.0 equiv, dissolved in 40 mL DMF) was then added to the reaction system over 3
h, after which, the system was stirred at 0℃ for additional 3 h. Whereafter, H2O (150 mL), Na2CO3
(4.24 g, 2.0 equiv) and p-NsCl (4.43 g, 1.0 equiv) were added to the reaction system successively
under 0℃. After stirring under the same temperature for 3 h, p-NsCl (2.22 g, 0.5 equiv) was added
to the mixture and the system was reacted for additional 1 hour. Then the reaction mixture was diluted
Page 50
50
with EtOAc (200 mL) and H2O (100 mL). The resulted mixture was extracted and the organic layer
was extracted again with 200 mL NaOH (aqueous, 0.5 M). All the aqueous layers were combined and
carefully acidified with HCl (concentrated, 12 M) to PH 1. Then, the resulted mixture was extracted
with EtOAc (400 mL×3). The combined organic layer were wash with 0.1 M HCl (aqueous, 300 mL
× 6), dried over Na2SO4 (anhydrous), then filtered and concentrated. The resulted solid was
recrystallized (CH2Cl2 and petrol ether as solvents) to give the crude intermediate 9-1(7.58 g).
To a solution of the crude intermediate 9-1 (4.00 g, 10 mmol, 1.0 equiv) obtained above in MeOH
(60 mL) was added TMSCl (2.66 mL, 2.1 equiv) dropwise over 2 min. The reaction system was
refluxed at 70℃ for 1 hour and then cooled to room temperature.[6] Subsequently, the result mixture
was concentrated and recrystallized (CH2Cl2 and petrol ether as solvents) to give compound 10 (4.07
g, 86% yield over 2 steps) as a green solid. [α]D25 -38 (c 0.50, CHCl3); m.p. 109-111℃; 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.93 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.10
(m, 2H), 7.01 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 5.96-5.88 (m, 1H), 5.61 (s, 1H), 5.19 (d, J = 10.0 Hz,
1H), 5.06 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 2H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.28 (d, J = 11.2
Hz, 1H), 3.12-3.06 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 171.76, 149.41, 144.91, 136.22, 133.01,
127.66, 127.26, 126.99, 123.48, 122.00, 119.45, 118.38, 117.66, 109.68, 107.82, 56.34, 52.79, 48.62,
28.95; IR (KBr) 3352, 3244, 1723, 1521, 1351, 1165, 1090, 738, 682 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for
[M+Na]+ C21H21N3NaO6S, m/z: 466.1049, found: 466.1040;
Dimethyl(2S,2'S,3aR,3'aR,8aS,8'aS)-8,8'-diallyl-1,1'-bis((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-
2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-[3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole]-2,2'-dicarboxylate, 11
dimethyl(2S,2'S,3aR,3'aS,8aR,8'aS)-8,8'-diallyl-1,1'-bis((4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-
octahydro-1H,1'H-[3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole]-2,2'-dicarboxylate, 11′:
Page 51
51
To a 10 mL dry reaction tube were added compound 10 (1.33 g, 3 mmol, 1.0 equiv), KI (49.8 mg, 0.1
equiv), TFE (30 mL) and NaBO3•4H2O under argon atmosphere at room temperature. The mixture
was stirred (1500 rpm) for 16 h and then quenched with saturated Na2S2O3 (aqueous). Then TFE was
removed under vacuum, and the resulted mixture was extracted with EtOAc (200 mL), the organic
layer washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under vacuum. The
crude residue was purified by column chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc =10: 1 to 1: 1 as eluent)
to give the dimeric product 11 (578.4 mg) and 11′ (471.9 mg) with acceptable over-all results (79%
yield, 1.2:1 dr).
Compound 11: Yellow solid; [α]D26 54.5 (c 0.22, CHCl3/MeOH= 2:1); m.p. 123-126℃; 1H NMR (600
MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.16 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J
= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.06-6.00 (m, 1H), 5.40 (d, J = 17.4
Hz, 1H), 5.33 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 4.36 (dd, J = 16.8 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (d, J = 8.4
Hz, 1H), 4.04 (dd, J = 17.4 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.53 (d, J = 12.6 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (dd, J = 10.5
Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 169.81, 151.08, 149.78, 143.93, 134.09, 130.51, 128.17,
126.12, 125.37, 124.64, 118.03, 117.00, 108.85, 87.53, 61.04, 59.54, 52.43, 48.32, 36.41; IR (KBr)
3436, 1746, 1531, 1351, 1166, 739, 618 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C42H40N6NaO12S2,
m/z: 927.2043, found: 907.2033.
Compound 11′: Yellow solid. [α]D25 48 (c 0.50, CHCl3); m.p. 110-114℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ 8.36 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 8.22-8.16 (m, 3H), 7.11 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82
(bs, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (bs, 1H), 6.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.87 (bs, 2H), 5.43 (s, 1H),
5.28-5.20 (m, 2H), 4.91-4.85 (m, 2H), 4.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.30
(bs, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.74 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.32 (t, J = 9.8 Hz, 2H); 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 171.01, 169.67, 150.53, 150.31, 150.28, 149.69, 146.85, 145.20, 134.12,
133.64, 129.99, 129.91, 128.87, 127.98, 126.08, 124.82, 124.45, 123.79, 123.46, 119.94, 117.86,
117.79, 117.16, 110.40, 107.59, 87.09, 86.08, 61.90, 61.37, 60.94, 60.27, 53.07, 52.34, 52.27, 47.94,
39.75, 38.38; IR (KBr) 3432, 1735, 1531, 1351, 1169, 741, 608 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
Page 52
52
C42H40N6NaO12S2, m/z: 907.2043, found: 907.2055;
Dimethyl(2S,2'S,3aR,3'aR,8aS,8'aS)-8,8'-diallyl-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-[3a,3'a-
bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole]-2,2'-dicarboxylate, 12:
To a stirred solution of compound 11 (600 mg, 0.68 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in CH3CN (30 mL) under argon
atmosphere at 0℃ was added K2CO3. Methoxybenzenethiol (279 μL, 4.0 equiv, in 10 mL CH3CN)
was then added to the reaction mixture dropwise over 3 min. Subsequently, the resulted system was
stirred at room temperature until the complete conversion of 12 on TLC (about 2 days). The reaction
mixture was filtered through a pad of celite (washed by EtOAc and MeOH) and then concentrated
under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc =2:1
to 1:2, then EtOAc, then CH2Cl2: MeOH= 100:1 to 50:1) to give compound 12 (205.7 mg, 59% yield)
as a light yellow oil. [α]D25 225 (c 1.00, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz,
2H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.35 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.02-5.92 (m, 2H),
5.33 (dd, J = 17.2 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 5.20 (dd, J = 10.0 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (s, 2H), 3.94-3.82 (m, 4H),
3.78 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (s, 6H), 2.82-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.56 (dd, J = 12.4 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 2H),
2.41 (bs, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 174.14, 151.57, 134.70, 129.87, 129.02, 125.55, 116.86,
116.61, 106.30, 85.11, 60.31, 59.93, 51.66, 47.89, 38.86; IR (KBr) 3362, 2949, 1735, 1602, 1489,
1255, 748, 666 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C30H35N4O4, m/z: 515.2658, found: 515.2637;
Page 53
53
Dimethyl(2S,2'S,3aR,3'aR,8aS,8'aS)-2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-[3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-
b]indole]-2,2'-dicarboxylate, 13:
To a stirred solution of compound 12 (311.2 mg, 0.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in EtOH (12 mL) under argon
atmosphere were added DMBA (188.8 mg, 2.0 equiv) and Pd(PPh3)4 (69.9 mg, 0.1 equiv). The reaction
mixture was degassed with argon and then stirred at 40℃ for about 2 h. The reaction mixture was
filtered through a pad of silica gel (washed by CH2Cl2 :MeOH = 10:1) and then concentrated under
vacuum. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (CH2Cl2: MeOH= 100:1 to 20:1)
to give compound 13 (222.7 mg, 85% yield) as a light yellow oil. Compound 13 has already been
characterized by Xia and co-workers,[4] and our experimental characterization data is consistent with
the literature.
[α]D26 117 (c 0.14, MeOH); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ7.19 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (td, J = 8.0
Hz, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (td, J = 7.2 Hz, 0.4 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.79 (dd, J
= 8.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (s, 6H), 2.81 (dd, J = 12.8 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (dd, J = 12.8 Hz, 2.4 Hz,
2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 173.89, 151.02, 129.46, 129.04, 125.87, 118.46, 109.83, 80.81,
61.84, 60.02, 51.77, 38.71; IR (KBr) 3428, 1638, 1483, 1244, 742, 601 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for
[M+Na]+ C24H26N4NaO4, m/z: 457.1852, found: 457.1859;
Page 54
54
Dimethyl(2S,2'S,3aR,3'aR,8aR,8'aR)-1,1'-bis(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-L-phenylalanyl)-
2,2',3,3',8,8a,8',8'a-octahydro-1H,1'H-[3a,3'a-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole]-2,2'-dicarboxylate, 14:
To a stirred solution of compound 13 (43.6 mg, 0.1 mmol) in N,N-Dimethylformamide (1.5 mL) under
argon atmosphere was added Cbz-L-phenylalanine (89.8 mg, 3.0 equiv). The system was cooled to 0℃
and Et3N (48.6μL, 3.5 equiv), HATU (114.0 mg, 3.0 equiv) were added successively. The reaction
mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 14 h. 3 mL LiCl (aqueous, 5%) was subsequent added
to the system, the resulted solution was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers
were washed with 40 mL LiCl (aqueous, 5%) and then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated
under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (petrol ether: EtOAc =10:
1 to 2: 1 as eluent) to give 14 (89.9 mg, 90% yield) as a white solid. Compound 13 has already been
characterized by Xia and co-workers,[4] and our experimental characterization data is consistent with
the literature.
m.p. 115-118℃; [α]D25 221 (c 0.38, CHCl3); 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.45-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.32-
7.28 (m, 12H), 7.19 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (t, J =
7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.55 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.89 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 2H), 5.09-5.04 (m, 4H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.40-
4.36 (m, 2H), 3.55 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 2H), 3.14 (dd, J = 12.6 Hz, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (s, 6H), 2.88 (t, J =
11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.06 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 2H), 1.90-1.86 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ 171.66,
169.95, 154.94, 150.85, 136.30, 135.51, 129.63, 129.14, 128.98, 128.35, 127.93, 127.58, 126.71,
125.46, 117.95, 109.53, 79.93, 66.68, 59.50, 58.44, 53.69, 52.21, 41.14, 34.73; IR (KBr) 3409, 3325,
2925, 1719, 1638, 1449, 1055, 757 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+ C58H56N6NaO10, m/z:
1019.3956, found: 1019.3996;
Page 55
55
To a solution of compound 14 (89.9 mg, 0.09 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in MeOH (6 mL) was added Pd(OH)2/C
(30 mg). The reaction system was degassed with H2 and then stirred at H2 atmosphere (1 atm) for
about 1.5 h. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was subject to a pad of silica gel (washed with
CH2Cl2:MeOH = 5:1) and then concentrated under vacuum. The resulted crude residue was used to
the next step without further purification.
To the crude product above were added CH2Cl2 (3 mL) and morpholine (0.3 mL). The resulted solution
was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, and then quenched with HCl (1 M, 10 mL), extracted with
EtOAc (30 mL×3). The combine organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4,
concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography (CH2Cl2:
Acetone =20: 1 to 3: 1 as eluent) to give (+)-WIN 64821 (42.1 mg, 75% yield over 2 steps) as a white
solid. (+)-WIN 64821 has already been characterized by Xia and co-workers,[4] and our experimental
characterization data is consistent with the literature.
m.p. 175-178℃; [α]D26 228 (c 0.72, MeOH); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN): δ 7.36 (d, J = 7.6 Hz,
2H), 7.15-7.11 (m, 12H), 6.75 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.04 (s, 2H), 5.90 (s, 2H),
4.91 (s, 2H), 4.17 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.08 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.15-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.97 (m, 4H),
2.53(dd, J = 14.4 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3CN): δ 169.78, 168.88, 149.98, 137.34,
131.39, 130.29, 130.09, 129.32, 127.60, 126.04, 120.18, 110.40, 80.53, 60.94, 57.73, 56.95, 36.76,
36.07; IR (KBr) 3405, 1655, 1459, 1313, 1257, 1096, 702, 603 cm-1; HRMS (ESI) calcd for [M+Na]+
C40H36N6NaO4, m/z: 687.2696, found: 687.2675.
Page 56
56
8. Crystals of 6b
CCDC: 1940250
Datablock: yangJs_0320
Bond precision: C-C = 0.0055 A Wavelength=0.71000
Cell: a=16.4849(8) b=10.3567(3) c=19.7384(8)
alpha=90 beta=98.596(5) gamma=90
Temperature: 293 K
Calculated Reported
Volume 3332.1(2) 3332.0(2)
Space group P 21/c P 1 21/c 1
Hall group -P 2ybc -P 2ybc
Moiety formula C36 H38 N4 O4 S2 C36 H38 N4 O4 S2
Page 57
57
Sum formula C36 H38 N4 O4 S2 C38 H38 N2 O4 S2
Mr 654.82 650.82
Dx,g cm-3 1.305 1.297
Z 4 4
Mu (mm-1) 0.205 0.203
F000 1384.0 1376.0
F000' 1385.52
h,k,lmax 20,12,24 20,12,24
Nref 6563 6550
Tmin,Tmax 0.964,0.976 0.658,1.000
Tmin' 0.964
Correction method= # Reported T Limits: Tmin=0.658 Tmax=1.000 AbsCorr = MULTI-
SCAN
Data completeness= 0.998 Theta(max)= 25.992
R(reflections)= 0.0579( 3838) wR2(reflections)= 0.1617( 6550)
S = 0.940 Npar= 419
Page 58
58
9. References
[1] H. Zhang, R. B. Hu, N. Liu, S. X. Li, S. D. Yang, Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 28.
[2] R. S. Klausen, C. R. Kennedy, A. M. Hyde, E. N. Jacobsen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 12299.
[3] H. Ren, J. -R. Song, Z. -Y. Li, W. -D. Pan, Org. Lett. 2019, 21, 6774-6778.
[4] K. Liang, X. Deng, X. Tong, D. Li, M. Ding, A. Zhou, C. Xia, Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 206-209.
[5] Y. -X. Li, H. -X. Wang, S. Ali, X. -F. Xia, Y. -M. Liang, Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2343-2345.
[6] J. Li, Y. Sha, Molecules 2008, 13, 1111-1119.
[7] Note: NMR spectra of 8f/8f' here were obtained from the gram-scale dimerization (section 6 of SI)
of 7f (selective collection of the products after column chromatography).
[8] Note: NMR spectra (8g/8g') here were obtained from selective collection of the products after
column chromatography (trying to separate the 8g and 8g', but failed), The repeatability of the
reaction was confirmed by at least three parallel experiments.
10. Copies of NMR
Page 59
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
3.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.001.003.001.001.002.00
1.00
0.000
2.309
2.8102.8272.8443.1503.1673.1833.199
4.8144.8294.844
6.8216.8276.9817.0007.0197.1007.1207.1327.2477.2677.3417.3607.5717.591
8.236
59
Page 60
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.30
25.24
43.01
76.6877.0077.32
111.12111.31118.22119.10121.81122.65126.71126.75129.48136.20136.35
143.20
60
Page 61
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
1.00
1.024.211.022.00
0.000
2.314
2.8252.8422.8593.1613.1783.1943.2113.586
4.9284.9434.958
6.7286.9857.0027.0217.1097.1307.1577.1747.1887.2097.3527.3727.5987.619
61
Page 62
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.23
25.15
32.28
43.15
76.6877.0077.32
109.11109.86
118.38118.64121.43126.75127.08127.18129.35136.64136.85
142.95
62
Page 63
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.99
3.01
1.98
1.99
2.01
0.96
0.971.003.041.011.032.00
-0.000
1.3641.3821.401
2.357
2.8722.8882.9053.2093.2243.239
4.0204.0384.0564.074
4.8144.8324.845
6.8507.0037.0207.0407.1607.1807.1927.2627.2837.3787.3987.6237.644
63
Page 64
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
15.29
21.37
25.37
40.6543.18
76.6877.0077.32
109.30110.03
118.62118.79121.50125.37126.90127.41129.48136.04136.77
143.10
64
Page 65
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.02
2.01
2.01
1.00
2.01
1.001.00
0.99
0.991.003.001.321.011.92
0.000
2.3952.8982.9142.9313.2383.2543.2703.2864.4494.4664.4694.6404.6444.6494.6544.6584.6625.0605.0645.0675.0715.1025.1065.1105.1145.1805.1835.1875.1915.2055.2095.2125.2165.9095.9235.9365.9495.9525.9625.9665.9785.9916.0056.8487.0247.0267.0447.0617.0647.1707.1737.1877.1907.1947.2057.2087.2117.2257.2517.2667.2877.3877.4077.6277.647
65
Page 66
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.38
25.35
43.14
48.57
76.6877.0077.32
109.63110.43117.25118.61119.01121.69126.10126.91127.48129.49133.30136.43136.78143.11
66
Page 67
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.003.00
2.00
2.00
0.991.011.042.001.04
3.01
1.00
0.000
2.2782.422
3.1743.1873.1943.2013.214
4.0114.0244.0314.0374.051
7.0477.0527.1267.1297.1467.1637.1667.1797.1827.1997.2017.2167.2197.2507.2987.3187.3427.3627.7617.7727.7777.7938.056
67
Page 68
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.5824.8925.98
47.84
76.6877.0077.32
111.15112.18118.93119.59122.14122.45127.26127.47129.84136.20136.73
144.85
170.27
68
Page 69
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.01
2.01
3.00
1.01
1.001.001.011.323.051.142.00
0.000
2.9022.9192.9353.2513.2673.2833.299
3.719
4.4814.4964.510
6.8047.0327.0497.0697.1957.2157.2337.2497.2697.2907.3857.4057.4157.4347.4547.5137.5317.5507.7477.766
69
Page 70
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
25.40
32.62
43.19
76.6877.0077.32
109.35109.84
118.55119.03121.85126.94127.26127.30128.98132.47137.13139.85
70
Page 71
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.07
2.03
3.01
1.00
0.991.022.021.01
2.00
2.00
0.000
2.9112.9272.9423.3183.3343.3493.3643.713
4.5864.5994.613
6.8136.9827.0017.0187.1637.1837.2017.2117.2317.2537.2967.3167.7377.759
8.0688.089
71
Page 72
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
25.38
32.62
43.24
76.6877.0077.32
109.44
118.36119.16122.08123.86127.01127.37127.85
137.18
145.35
149.68
72
Page 73
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.97
1.99
2.97
1.00
1.001.002.081.00
2.031.003.00
1.00
-0.000
2.8692.8862.903
3.2723.2883.3043.3213.601
4.7494.7644.7796.7256.9286.9466.9657.1277.1477.1647.1867.2067.2167.3147.3337.5377.5547.5757.5807.5837.6027.6187.6657.6697.6877.6917.7957.8167.8367.854
8.330
73
Page 74
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
25.36
32.44
43.30
76.6877.0077.32
109.24109.86118.45118.90121.73122.20127.21127.25127.36127.80128.20128.59129.15129.26132.05134.65136.70137.03
74
Page 75
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
3.01
2.00
2.01
3.01
1.00
1.001.001.321.00
1.00
-0.000
2.8253.0223.0383.055
3.4123.4283.4443.4603.760
4.2874.3034.319
6.9377.1057.1077.1247.1427.1447.2287.2307.2487.2527.2667.2687.3067.3267.5637.583
75
Page 76
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
25.99
32.68
40.1243.37
76.6877.0077.32
109.46109.97
118.58119.14121.96127.30127.41
137.21
76
Page 77
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
2.08
2.113.170.91
0.971.011.240.991.00
0.000
3.0423.0593.075
3.5863.6023.6183.7763.882
6.9377.1247.1277.1427.1447.1617.1647.2517.2687.2717.2867.2887.3247.3447.5407.560
77
Page 78
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
26.33
32.74
44.51
76.6977.0177.33
109.03109.60118.06118.46119.40121.25122.20127.15127.45
137.33
78
Page 79
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-77.442
79
Page 80
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.01
2.01
3.00
3.01
1.00
1.024.303.001.00
0.000
2.9252.9412.9573.2633.2793.2943.3103.706
4.1144.1294.147
6.8247.1077.1097.1267.1447.1467.1757.1877.1947.2027.2177.2237.2287.2307.2427.2497.2517.2587.2657.2797.2927.3127.5217.540
80
Page 81
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
26.05
32.59
43.65
58.34
76.6877.0077.32
109.43109.94
118.63119.12121.95127.31127.36128.52128.67129.33130.46137.27
81
Page 82
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
2.01
2.033.04
1.00
1.001.011.131.00
1.00
0.000
3.0063.0233.040
3.6303.6463.6623.6783.752
6.4316.8847.1137.1167.1337.1517.1537.2357.2567.2587.2737.2757.3097.3297.5587.578
82
Page 83
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
f1 (ppm)
24.59
32.63
40.28
76.6877.0077.32
109.46110.15114.38117.24118.51119.19120.10122.00126.92127.38
137.20
156.54156.90157.27157.64
83
Page 84
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-75.974
84
Page 85
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
2.00
2.003.033.07
0.85
1.001.001.121.00
1.00
0.000
2.9252.9422.959
3.4643.4803.4973.5133.6473.729
4.791
6.8647.0887.0907.1087.1257.1277.2077.2087.2277.2297.2447.2467.2797.2997.5737.592
85
Page 86
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
25.62
32.56
41.35
51.92
76.6877.0077.32
109.22111.27
118.77118.85121.67126.78127.62
137.05
156.98
86
Page 87
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.00
2.09
3.082.07
1.001.001.221.00
1.00
-0.000
1.528
3.0023.0173.033
3.7533.8683.8833.899
6.9357.0957.0987.1127.1157.1327.1357.2167.2187.2367.2397.2447.2547.2567.2947.3157.5957.614
87
Page 88
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
28.64
32.60
62.74
76.6877.0077.32
109.26110.66
118.88118.91121.73127.27127.84
137.18
88
Page 89
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
0.97
2.01
2.00
4.99
0.94
0.981.080.94
0.94
0.000
1.439
1.9291.9451.9631.9821.998
2.8182.8372.855
3.6903.7063.722
6.8387.0747.0767.0947.1117.1137.1937.1957.2137.2157.2307.2687.2887.5847.604
89
Page 90
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.23
32.5233.13
62.61
76.6877.0077.32
109.11114.37118.56118.93121.47126.13127.79
137.02
90
Page 91
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.092.096.02
2.062.06
1.92
1.94
2.002.002.015.994.60
-0.000
2.0242.0362.0552.0672.0782.2182.2382.2442.2482.2652.2692.2752.2952.4092.9572.9722.9832.9983.0093.0243.1113.1153.1323.1363.1413.1583.161
4.680
4.946
6.5746.5766.5936.5946.6136.6766.6956.8876.9067.0957.1167.1367.1387.1557.1587.2537.2607.273
91
Page 92
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.52
32.31
46.84
61.33
76.6877.0077.3281.26
110.37
119.06124.49126.53127.37129.34129.83135.41
142.97
150.07
92
Page 93
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.98
2.00
5.81
1.99
2.00
1.66
1.96
1.753.96
1.96
3.93
3.89
-0.000
1.5431.5641.5731.5931.6021.6221.9771.9902.0082.0212.4572.9672.9812.9953.0093.0223.0373.3073.3273.3343.354
4.565
5.090
6.4286.4446.5166.5356.5526.5717.0437.0467.0627.0647.0817.0847.2597.3167.3367.6077.628
93
Page 94
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.58
33.84
47.13
62.50
76.6877.0077.3280.01
109.77
119.00123.66126.83127.87129.20129.86
136.35
143.85
149.78
94
Page 95
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
0.77
4.62
5.872.13
3.990.805.972.00
0.70
0.681.87
0.600.712.671.932.010.775.965.51
1.43
1.3221.3411.3521.3711.3831.4011.7211.7331.7461.7581.7761.7881.8051.8221.8341.8521.8641.8822.4202.4602.6982.7102.7272.7372.7562.7692.8072.8192.8382.8502.8682.8802.9723.1973.2153.2263.2433.4853.5033.5153.5334.9895.0396.1756.1916.2956.3146.4416.4606.4726.4926.6116.6296.6486.8356.8537.0497.0687.0887.1987.2187.2307.2567.3427.3627.3757.6077.628
95
Page 96
-20
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
21.4921.53
31.4731.5732.5834.23
47.4447.67
60.4062.06
76.6877.0077.32
85.3287.21
106.57106.92117.32117.69123.24124.54126.99127.13127.69128.27129.33129.48129.93136.05136.99
142.94143.86
151.49151.60
96
Page 97
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.35
6.00
1.39
5.37
5.813.97
2.001.39
3.293.251.412.23
3.19
2.211.252.112.06
2.001.232.074.282.904.212.87
-0.0000.9151.2351.2521.2701.4521.4641.7351.7471.7651.7771.8051.8221.8351.8521.8651.8822.4242.4452.7132.7252.7432.7552.7722.7842.8192.8312.8492.8622.8802.8923.2293.2463.2583.2753.3803.3983.4163.4343.4523.4773.4953.5063.5243.5433.5613.5793.5973.6155.2906.2156.2366.2666.2856.3106.3306.3926.4106.4286.4516.4706.5596.5776.5966.8436.8606.8617.0187.0207.0387.0587.1317.1337.1517.1697.1717.2307.2507.2567.3427.3627.4457.4657.6667.686
97
Page 98
-20
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
11.8912.70
21.51
33.3035.1238.2938.84
47.1847.31
60.9062.05
76.6877.0077.3283.3685.64
105.67106.32116.62116.95123.67124.80127.10127.26127.52128.14129.13129.26129.88129.92136.35137.30
143.08143.73
150.28150.46
98
Page 99
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
1.36
5.21
5.963.84
2.031.40
2.021.361.362.061.262.05
11.98
2.17
1.571.452.172.092.001.522.314.102.974.082.98
-0.0001.3171.6251.7361.7481.7661.7771.8021.8191.8311.8491.8611.8792.4172.4542.7202.7322.7502.7622.7792.7912.8352.8472.8652.8772.8962.9073.2343.2523.2643.2813.4693.4873.7263.7653.8653.8793.9073.9214.1254.2834.2954.3254.3375.0655.1885.2145.2585.2945.8445.8575.8705.8835.8985.9135.9265.9396.3226.3416.4566.5146.5346.5966.6156.6336.8386.8567.0197.0387.0577.1147.1337.1527.2117.2317.2557.3407.3567.4177.4367.612
99
Page 100
-20
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
21.54
33.1435.03
47.3147.4148.10
60.8262.13
76.6877.0077.3284.2886.72107.04107.95116.37117.32117.70123.35124.68127.05127.20127.70128.14129.12129.18129.94130.01133.96134.59136.00136.98143.19143.96150.68150.85
100
Page 101
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
0.82
4.69
2.432.370.876.182.00
0.74
2.66
0.630.732.742.042.000.792.288.013.780.851.55
0.0001.2531.4201.4371.4481.4671.7671.7831.7961.8131.8261.8521.8641.8811.8931.9112.7172.7332.7502.7632.7792.7922.8042.8192.8322.8502.8622.8802.8922.9853.2063.2233.2353.2523.5183.5363.5473.565
5.0626.2006.2156.2976.3176.4576.4766.4896.5096.6256.6436.6626.8346.8527.0557.0747.0937.2067.2257.2447.2567.3907.4107.4297.4507.5027.5197.5377.5567.5757.6207.6387.6567.7577.776
101
Page 102
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
31.5731.8032.5834.35
47.3847.65
60.4162.22
76.6877.0077.32
85.4287.30
106.67106.99117.45117.96123.32124.51127.05127.13127.57128.31129.28129.39129.57132.21132.85139.11140.08
151.51151.54
102
Page 103
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
4.75
0.84
2.192.986.002.08
0.81
1.93
0.75
1.471.183.522.01
0.832.043.88
1.513.871.54
1.8491.8651.8781.9021.9191.9421.9541.9721.9842.0032.1102.1222.1402.1522.6192.7792.7962.8082.8222.8362.8502.8632.8752.8932.9063.0423.2223.2283.2353.2413.2543.2683.6473.6653.6753.693
4.893
5.219
6.3096.3296.3566.5506.5696.5806.5986.6176.6376.7366.7547.0957.1147.1347.2627.3337.3527.3717.4177.4397.9757.9978.1458.1678.3408.362
103
Page 104
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
31.7632.3232.7935.01
47.6747.70
59.9962.49
76.6877.0077.32
86.0387.33
107.29107.60118.34118.43123.61124.40124.52124.70127.02128.02128.17129.81130.19144.63145.90149.50150.06151.44151.57
104
Page 105
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.89
1.252.002.01
5.37
6.01
2.00
0.74
2.000.71
0.690.744.79
1.99
0.732.052.02
6.660.742.002.002.740.772.60
-0.0001.2461.2581.2991.3111.3291.5901.6011.6191.6321.7241.7361.7541.7661.7911.8091.8211.8381.8501.8682.7312.7482.7592.7722.7892.7962.8012.8082.9623.2773.2943.3063.3233.4563.4675.1185.2106.2916.3116.4156.4276.4416.4476.4586.4766.7646.7827.0317.0337.0507.0527.0697.0727.0877.0897.1087.1257.1277.2427.2477.2517.2697.2737.5767.5947.6107.6147.6187.6227.6397.6427.6507.6557.6597.6727.6767.7327.7527.8237.8447.8787.8987.9157.9357.9717.9928.275
105
Page 106
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
31.4931.8032.7634.32
47.4747.58
60.5662.14
76.7977.0077.21
85.5087.22
106.64106.74117.38117.66121.97123.29124.32127.36127.46127.70127.73128.01128.25128.50128.72128.87128.94129.35129.37129.55129.86129.93131.90132.02134.59134.70135.89136.63151.41151.47
106
Page 107
0.51.0
1.52.0
2.53.0
3.54.0
4.55.0
5.56.0
6.57.0
7.58.0
8.59.0
9.510.0
f1 (ppm)
6.22
4.21
7.446.132.74
5.53
2.66
1.22
2.00
1.00
1.022.952.11
0.992.042.14
2.1392.2332.2472.2972.3062.3262.3352.4962.5002.5032.5312.5492.5612.5792.5922.6232.6322.6512.6622.6812.6932.7062.7342.7492.7972.9063.3393.5373.5533.5663.5823.6003.618
4.041
4.404
5.076
6.5156.5356.5726.6096.6296.6936.7116.7307.1037.1247.1447.1977.2167.2357.3817.399
107
Page 108
-100
1020
3040
5060
7080
90100
110120
130140
150160
170180
190200
210f1 (ppm
)
36.1237.6438.1739.3940.8043.3944.3344.4744.6144.7444.8845.0245.1645.2852.2653.17
65.8267.40
90.7291.21
111.66112.76
122.65123.10128.98130.78132.73134.45134.57134.97
156.60157.15
108
Page 109
-1.0-0.5
0.00.5
1.01.5
2.02.5
3.03.5
4.04.5
5.05.5
6.06.5
7.07.5
8.08.5
9.0f1 (ppm
)2.021.434.18
6.272.230.83
2.000.75
1.91
0.66
1.282.010.752.00
2.762.17
0.000
2.2892.3002.3192.3302.3512.3672.3802.3902.5912.6092.6222.6402.6512.6702.9302.9722.9933.0213.0833.1003.1253.1523.6813.6993.7093.7273.8383.8473.8563.8683.882
4.837
5.272
6.3206.3856.4046.5026.5216.5896.6076.6256.7916.8106.8287.1437.1697.1887.2327.2517.270
109
Page 110
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
31.7532.1233.1235.04
48.4548.90
61.1462.53
76.6877.0077.32
86.9187.64
107.10
115.15118.37118.40118.54118.77121.58121.76123.56124.29124.80126.20127.30130.09130.47150.46150.98
110
Page 111
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-75.639-73.517
111
Page 112
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
1.353.50
6.92
2.096.002.00
1.342.001.94
2.74
1.90
0.85
1.363.272.02
5.552.1915.77
0.0002.0712.0792.0912.0992.1652.1842.1982.2052.2182.2262.5182.5252.5352.5432.5562.5702.5772.5902.6102.7872.7942.8072.8142.8272.8853.0023.0243.3853.4003.4143.5163.5283.5353.5483.7563.7784.1614.1844.2064.228
4.850
5.174
6.3996.4126.5406.5536.5886.6646.6766.6897.1307.1427.1577.1837.1957.2107.2237.2307.2417.2557.2727.2857.296
112
Page 113
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
31.2833.4233.6434.93
47.5048.10
56.4059.4061.0362.71
76.7977.0077.21
85.9186.12
106.80107.68
117.59118.13123.82124.90127.13128.37128.41128.47128.52128.54128.86129.21129.55130.21130.72130.88151.84152.11
113
Page 114
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.592.081.84
6.332.110.72
2.000.70
1.93
0.61
3.310.722.06
2.062.85
0.0002.2502.2642.2812.2942.3142.3312.3452.3622.3762.4642.4832.4952.5132.5262.5442.7162.9983.0693.0823.0983.1123.1283.1413.1673.1803.1953.2093.2243.2393.2533.8533.8573.8763.8803.8993.9033.9443.9653.9713.989
5.311
5.503
6.3856.4066.4266.5836.6026.6206.6726.6916.7097.0947.1127.1387.1467.1487.1577.1657.1747.1847.1877.259
114
Page 115
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
32.8933.3333.6234.60
45.80
59.2160.11
76.7977.0077.2183.5984.18
106.62107.20113.26113.32115.17115.23117.08117.14117.91118.10118.99119.05123.58123.73127.21128.03129.87130.05155.54155.58155.78155.82156.03156.07156.27156.31
115
Page 116
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-71.666-71.660
116
Page 117
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.000.592.57
1.75
6.01
2.000.58
2.000.58
0.582.00
0.571.920.702.33
4.50
2.0412.0532.0712.0832.2102.2212.2392.2512.3972.4092.4162.4262.4382.4452.4562.4742.7212.9243.3063.3183.3283.3353.3403.3473.3563.3683.4003.4123.4223.4303.4343.4423.4523.4643.9003.9203.9404.0034.0234.043
5.1105.218
6.2836.3026.3196.3386.5126.5276.5866.6046.6227.0567.0747.0947.1117.1297.248
117
Page 118
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
30.6230.9736.7637.75
60.9361.3566.7666.84
76.6877.0077.32
100.72101.28104.95105.02
116.94116.98123.86124.08128.69130.28130.46
151.84151.88
118
Page 119
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.07
2.06
2.09
3.03
1.01
1.001.011.002.001.11
2.00
0.000
2.379
2.8262.8432.8593.1863.2023.2183.234
4.014
4.7234.7384.753
6.7266.8686.8876.9077.0837.0857.1027.1047.1697.1907.2297.2327.2447.2497.2527.6027.623
119
Page 120
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.43
25.13
36.35
43.02
76.6877.0077.32
110.17
116.97117.27119.66123.14126.88129.48129.96130.43132.24136.69143.20
120
Page 121
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.00
3.002.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
0.000
2.387
2.7232.8392.8552.8723.1933.2093.2253.242
3.958
4.4974.5124.527
6.6806.8806.8866.8967.1917.1997.2067.2157.2207.6247.645
121
Page 122
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
19.6121.4525.23
36.51
43.05
76.6877.0077.32
109.58116.58119.24121.36124.38126.98128.35128.91129.54
135.80136.84
143.16
122
Page 123
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.01
2.01
2.04
3.00
1.00
2.011.00
2.011.04
2.00
-0.000
2.375
2.8342.8502.8673.1853.2023.2183.2343.611
4.7324.7474.762
6.7446.7496.7666.7906.7956.8826.8886.9076.9127.1687.1887.2407.2537.2627.2757.6067.627
123
Page 124
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.38
25.23
32.60
43.09
76.6877.0077.32
95.4895.74
107.40107.64110.31119.25119.35123.84126.90127.49127.52129.48136.71137.03137.15143.20
158.70161.06
124
Page 125
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-120.790
125
Page 126
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.00
2.02
2.10
3.00
1.00
1.011.001.991.99
2.00
-0.000
2.404
2.8592.8752.8923.2023.2183.2343.2503.679
4.4124.4274.442
6.8036.9756.9806.9967.0017.1937.2137.2517.2567.2727.5987.619
126
Page 127
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.48
25.29
32.71
43.06
76.6877.0077.32
109.38110.37
119.47119.68125.89126.97127.93127.98129.55136.76137.55
143.33
127
Page 128
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
3.003.00
2.00
2.04
3.00
1.00
1.001.001.002.000.99
2.00
0.000
2.3972.479
2.8632.8792.8953.2123.2283.2433.260
3.680
4.3834.3984.413
6.7256.8656.8676.8857.0657.2027.2227.2517.6147.635
128
Page 129
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.4921.8225.46
32.54
43.18
76.7077.0277.34
109.33109.80
118.29120.79125.19126.70127.04129.56131.74136.93137.61143.19
129
Page 130
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
2.99
2.01
2.01
2.99
2.99
1.00
3.02
3.00
2.00
0.000
2.392
2.8402.8572.8733.1983.2143.2303.246
3.653
3.864
4.4654.4794.493
6.6916.714
7.1987.2187.2217.2427.2427.6107.631
130
Page 131
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.45
25.36
32.59
43.11
55.69
76.6877.0077.32
92.83
108.95109.95
119.23121.65126.09126.98129.53
136.80137.87143.18
156.52
131
Page 132
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.11
2.07
2.08
3.07
1.00
0.97
2.091.991.02
2.00
0.000
2.393
2.8052.8222.8383.1753.1923.2073.224
3.670
4.6474.6624.677
6.8327.1037.1077.1257.1297.1397.1407.1607.1627.1887.2087.2557.2567.2597.2617.5957.616
132
Page 133
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.5725.13
32.85
42.96
76.7877.1077.42
109.62110.43118.03122.00124.80127.00128.26128.81129.66135.52136.52
143.43
133
Page 134
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
6.06
2.02
2.01
3.00
1.01
0.97
1.011.952.02
2.01
0.000
2.3992.410
2.8582.8742.8913.2193.2353.2513.267
3.685
4.525
6.7607.0257.0467.1507.1717.2037.2237.6237.640
134
Page 135
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.4421.5225.35
32.68
43.16
76.7377.0577.37
109.09109.28
118.27123.45127.07127.45127.51128.18129.58135.64136.85
143.20
135
Page 136
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.14
2.02
2.04
3.012.97
1.00
1.000.991.091.032.02
2.00
-0.000
2.371
2.8432.8602.8763.1833.1993.2153.231
3.6503.781
4.6524.6624.676
6.7566.8106.8166.8396.8456.8616.8677.1247.1467.1637.1837.5937.614
136
Page 137
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.49
25.39
32.79
43.13
55.88
76.8177.1277.44
100.45
109.41110.16112.04
127.03127.62127.95129.58132.55136.76
143.26
153.81
137
Page 138
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.04
2.03
2.05
3.07
1.01
1.001.00
1.011.032.00
2.00
0.000
2.383
2.9392.9552.9713.2443.2603.2763.2923.702
4.462
6.6416.6606.6686.6876.7647.0127.0327.0627.0757.0827.0947.1027.1147.1767.1967.2567.6077.628
138
Page 139
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.48
26.48
32.96
43.62
76.6877.0077.32
104.03104.22105.44105.48108.77108.80115.70115.90122.18122.25126.92127.75129.48
136.81139.96140.08143.11
155.71158.16
139
Page 140
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-123.684
140
Page 141
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.00
2.09
2.05
3.00
1.00
1.001.001.081.012.01
2.00
-0.000
2.377
3.0903.1073.1233.2793.2953.3113.3273.696
4.4814.4964.511
6.8396.9786.9806.9976.9987.0527.0727.0917.1347.1547.1767.1967.2537.6227.643
141
Page 142
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.46
26.31
32.87
44.35
76.6877.0077.32
108.10110.47
119.99122.18124.07126.10126.97129.09129.49
136.95138.66143.13
142
Page 143
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
0.93
1.98
4.33
1.46
1.09
2.951.000.48
1.000.40
0.38
1.44
0.97
0.440.942.90
1.900.86
0.0001.8031.8141.8331.8451.9301.9491.9601.9781.9902.0072.0192.0362.0472.0652.0772.0952.1202.4052.4202.6962.7032.7082.7162.7242.7302.7362.7442.7532.7572.7652.9043.3173.3963.4133.4233.4413.5973.6143.6233.6393.653
4.9915.051
6.1816.5186.5376.5496.5686.5876.7436.7466.7626.7657.0187.0217.0387.0417.0497.0527.0697.0727.2647.2697.2797.2897.3007.6127.6337.7317.751
143
Page 144
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.49
33.5334.5336.2337.09
46.6446.86
60.9162.52
76.6877.0077.32
88.0888.52
115.17116.57119.22120.29122.06123.01127.18127.29129.60129.86131.25131.34131.65132.89136.45136.83143.39143.50146.62147.87
144
Page 145
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.004.471.145.582.045.64
3.14
5.882.00
0.62
1.880.62
0.481.951.860.642.00
5.604.001.34
0.0001.8131.8251.8431.8551.9902.0092.0192.0382.0492.0692.0862.1392.1522.1662.1852.2132.2302.2462.2672.3112.3872.4062.7192.7302.7462.7582.7742.7863.1953.2933.3113.3193.3383.6153.6333.6383.657
4.8624.979
6.5886.6076.6266.7496.7676.8946.9127.2107.2317.2407.2607.4677.4877.7187.739
145
Page 146
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
18.5719.2021.4021.45
33.3434.7837.2438.62
46.5246.71
60.5462.76
76.7977.0077.21
89.0789.25
118.94119.93120.01121.45122.59127.15127.21129.12129.29129.63131.91132.62136.90137.66142.86143.02149.73
146
Page 147
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
0.81
4.92
6.082.07
4.976.00
2.00
0.73
2.000.73
0.735.35
2.00
4.015.461.46
0.0001.3021.3141.3321.3441.3631.6621.6741.6931.7031.7271.7431.7691.7821.7982.4362.4672.7492.7612.7762.7902.8022.8192.8282.8412.8592.8712.8902.9022.9613.3013.3153.3283.3343.3413.3473.5113.5293.5413.559
4.9584.977
6.0076.0326.1366.1726.1966.2166.2216.6496.6636.6696.6827.2137.2337.2647.3697.3827.4037.6037.623
147
Page 148
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.4621.53
31.3331.4332.5934.33
47.6347.66
60.0961.60
76.7977.0077.2185.5187.1094.3094.4894.8094.97103.31103.47103.69103.84122.90123.55123.81123.88124.92124.99126.96129.93130.01135.99136.82143.31144.12
152.99153.07153.18153.26163.78163.81165.40165.42
148
Page 149
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-112.37-111.89
149
Page 150
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
0.42
2.39
2.930.90
2.26
3.03
1.00
0.33
1.020.27
0.290.322.391.05
2.092.620.62
0.000
1.3191.3491.3671.3981.6771.6891.7161.7261.7371.7522.4532.4702.7412.7662.7832.7922.8132.8262.8452.8572.8762.9743.3003.3093.3143.3243.3343.3443.5113.5303.5423.560
4.9294.999
6.1626.2946.2986.4516.4556.4756.4936.4976.6136.6347.2297.2497.2617.3447.3647.3857.6047.625
150
Page 151
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
f1 (ppm)
21.5121.56
31.3031.4332.4234.30
47.62
59.9661.60
76.6877.0077.32
85.2786.89
106.75107.26117.20117.66123.89125.04126.02126.65126.87126.98129.94130.02135.35135.51135.83136.76143.33144.15
152.44152.66
151
Page 152
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.09
2.562.00
1.535.996.001.55
3.540.576.002.00
0.51
0.512.00
0.910.511.931.98
1.97
4.00
5.02
1.02
0.0001.2851.3031.3161.3341.3461.3641.3801.6781.6981.7101.7281.7401.7721.7901.8021.8201.8321.8502.2422.3712.4232.4532.7062.7182.7342.7472.7652.7772.8072.8192.8382.8502.8682.8802.9573.1693.1863.1973.2153.4543.4723.4843.5024.9754.990
6.0996.1166.1386.2786.2976.3206.4226.4416.6876.7067.1727.1927.2567.3197.3397.3587.5957.615
152
Page 153
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.5021.6421.81
31.4731.6032.4934.32
47.4247.60
60.1361.86
76.6877.0077.32
85.6987.56
107.45107.86118.08118.49123.00124.29125.04125.63127.00127.16129.76129.86136.16137.11139.21139.27142.84143.74151.71151.82
153
Page 154
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
0.27
2.03
2.700.36
1.250.232.70
1.00
0.120.342.93
0.110.90
0.110.110.911.00
0.930.14
1.952.000.30
0.0001.2911.3021.3211.3311.3501.6681.6801.6981.7101.7341.7511.7631.7811.7931.8112.4252.4602.7402.7522.7692.7812.7972.8102.8462.8632.8782.8962.9082.9683.2023.2193.2313.2483.4723.4903.5023.5203.7373.8514.9635.0065.8815.8865.9996.0046.0206.0246.0606.0656.1126.1176.1326.1386.6616.6816.6946.7207.1967.2167.2627.3617.3817.6007.620
154
Page 155
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
1.091.301.511.711.922.132.33
21.99
32.5533.6335.23
49.0249.20
56.36
61.69
87.3188.9494.3594.72
103.63104.24
118.69121.44125.36126.24128.22128.27131.31131.63137.56138.20
144.92145.81
154.12
162.91
155
Page 156
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
f1 (ppm)
1.86
5.39
6.014.00
7.466.002.00
1.29
1.302.00
1.281.282.002.00
1.299.882.582.58
-0.0001.2801.2921.3111.3221.3411.5751.6751.6871.7061.7191.7371.7501.7641.7802.4452.4772.7532.7772.7902.8062.8192.8322.8442.8632.8752.8942.9063.0123.2053.2193.2323.2493.5133.5323.5443.562
4.9544.999
6.1456.2506.2716.4656.4866.7116.7167.0577.0627.0787.0837.2017.2067.2197.2617.3777.3977.5997.619
156
Page 157
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.58
31.5531.6432.3034.03
47.4447.74
59.9061.98
76.6877.0077.32
85.3487.21
107.33108.03122.07122.63123.43124.91126.92127.03129.18129.42129.60129.65130.06130.10135.48136.79143.52144.19150.06150.36
157
Page 158
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.68
5.38
4.116.006.004.113.632.291.466.032.00
1.37
1.372.01
1.241.361.971.97
1.351.994.034.022.872.77
-0.0001.3171.3291.3471.3591.7021.7141.7311.7431.7681.7861.7981.8161.8282.0672.2022.4112.4542.6792.7012.7142.7312.7432.7602.7722.8332.8512.8632.8822.9643.1713.1893.2003.217
3.4713.4893.5003.519
4.9535.070
5.9566.1956.2146.3996.4186.6106.8646.8837.0117.0317.1527.1737.2577.3077.3277.3437.3637.6017.621
158
Page 159
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
20.6321.0021.4621.5031.6931.9532.3734.01
47.4847.67
60.1462.21
76.6877.0077.32
85.7187.52
106.35106.86124.13125.70126.44126.50127.00127.12127.90128.51129.50129.82129.85136.14137.11142.69143.73
149.57149.65
159
Page 160
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
3.14
4.02
2.786.04
6.942.182.770.95
8.17
2.78
2.000.92
1.84
2.050.930.982.020.92
1.892.204.05
4.03
0.0001.2571.3031.3231.3341.3521.3641.3821.6291.6991.7111.7291.7411.7551.7731.7851.8032.4162.4632.6982.7202.7332.7492.8062.8182.8362.8482.8672.8792.9523.1623.1793.1913.208
3.4883.5063.5173.5483.699
4.9905.047
5.8726.2376.2586.4086.4146.4346.4556.6466.6526.6676.6736.7936.7996.8146.8207.1607.1807.2637.2837.3547.3747.6087.629
160
Page 161
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
21.4321.54
31.9932.3932.4734.24
47.3947.62
55.5156.0260.1962.13
76.7977.0077.21
86.0087.98
107.23107.50110.48111.99114.09114.55127.04127.11128.99129.64129.83129.90135.86137.00
142.93143.85146.11
152.39152.42
161
Page 162
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.01
1.00
3.00
1.003.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
3.002.10
1.5021.5211.5331.5511.5631.582
2.2342.2452.2652.2762.4242.8442.8552.8742.8852.9042.9142.9973.2953.3133.3253.343
5.139
6.2436.2636.2686.290
7.1267.1427.1627.1817.2637.2697.290
162
Page 163
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
f1 (ppm)
21.53
31.1931.2231.63
48.30
61.48
76.6877.0077.32
87.3987.41
102.85102.87105.45105.68112.06112.22
126.94129.88131.40131.50135.81
143.04
153.80153.89158.25160.68
163
Page 164
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
010
f1 (ppm)
-116.10
164
Page 165
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.05
3.05
2.063.021.01
1.00
1.001.00
2.002.99
0.000
1.5341.5511.5651.5821.5951.614
2.4142.7432.7532.7732.7832.8032.8132.8252.8352.8572.8663.0233.2193.2373.2493.266
5.148
6.4366.4566.5726.5927.0997.1197.1577.1737.1787.1927.262
165
Page 166
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
21.50
30.8031.71
48.79
63.19
76.6877.0077.32
87.71
105.79
120.19122.90126.90129.87130.94131.71135.25
142.97
153.94
166
Page 167
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.06
1.07
3.00
1.03
1.98
1.021.01
0.98
1.01
1.001.072.021.03
1.97
2.01
0.000
3.0593.0803.0943.1153.2703.298
3.674
4.267
4.5994.607
5.0375.0795.1805.2055.6115.8885.9015.9155.9295.9435.9556.8906.9967.0127.0287.1007.1217.1357.2577.3427.3617.6407.6597.9187.935
167
Page 168
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
28.95
48.6252.7956.34
76.6877.0077.32
107.82109.68
117.66118.38119.45122.00123.48126.99127.26127.66133.01136.22
144.91
149.41
171.76
168
Page 169
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
0.95
0.98
3.07
1.051.00
0.98
1.090.981.03
0.98
1.001.011.07
1.08
1.81
2.05
0.000
2.2872.3072.3222.5162.537
3.100
4.0264.0334.0544.0624.0924.1064.3434.3514.3714.3795.2415.3165.3345.3885.4176.0056.0136.0226.0316.0416.0516.0596.5226.5346.5466.6516.6646.7366.7487.2397.2527.2657.5227.535
8.1578.171
169
Page 170
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
36.41
48.32
52.43
59.5461.04
76.6877.0077.32
87.53
108.85
117.00118.03124.64125.37126.12128.17130.51134.09
143.93
149.78151.08
169.81
170
Page 171
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
1.88
1.001.00
2.94
0.98
3.60
1.95
1.05
2.39
2.10
1.01
1.88
1.040.841.01
1.051.061.05
1.79
3.79
1.93
0.000
1.622
2.2952.3222.3442.5822.6012.6152.6332.7282.7593.023
3.8604.0154.0444.1104.1304.149
4.6074.6274.8574.911
5.2085.2235.2805.431
5.872
6.2546.2746.3406.3906.4106.8186.9806.9997.0187.0277.0857.1057.1257.2667.8767.8988.1578.1798.2008.2228.3648.386
171
Page 172
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
38.3839.75
47.9452.2752.3453.0760.2760.9461.3761.90
76.6877.0077.32
86.0887.09
107.59110.40117.16117.79117.86119.94123.46123.79124.45124.82126.08127.98128.87129.91129.99133.64134.12145.20146.85149.69150.28150.31150.53
169.67171.01
172
Page 173
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.032.042.00
5.88
1.954.00
1.93
2.042.04
1.98
1.97
2.01
1.962.06
0.000
2.4112.5402.5452.5722.5762.7592.7792.7912.8113.2083.7693.7743.7893.7943.8263.8403.8663.8813.8833.8983.9233.9384.6825.1825.1865.2085.2115.3105.3145.3535.3575.9215.9365.9475.9615.9785.9926.0046.0186.3436.3626.5816.5996.6177.0417.0607.0797.1377.1557.266
173
Page 174
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
f1 (ppm)
38.86
47.89
51.66
59.9360.31
76.6877.0077.32
85.11
106.30
116.61116.86
125.55129.02129.87134.70
151.57
174.14
174
Page 175
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.00
2.06
6.01
2.21
2.00
1.991.98
1.981.96
0.000
2.5572.5632.5892.5952.7802.8012.8122.8333.237
3.7813.7863.8013.807
4.663
6.5796.5986.6986.6996.7166.7186.7356.7367.0467.0497.0667.0677.0857.0877.1767.1957.275
175
Page 176
-20
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
38.71
51.77
60.0261.84
76.6877.0077.3280.81
109.83
118.46
125.87129.04129.46
151.02
173.89
176
Page 177
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
f1 (ppm)
1.96
2.17
2.216.12
1.94
1.93
1.86
1.94
4.65
2.00
2.202.052.01
2.204.0012.496.88
1.8641.8781.8861.9002.0462.068
2.8652.8842.9032.9393.1233.1303.1443.151
3.5413.555
4.3644.3804.403
4.8745.0425.0635.0685.0895.2705.3115.324
5.8805.894
6.5466.5596.6086.6206.6326.7616.7737.0367.0487.0617.1827.1947.2857.2927.2987.3087.3247.3317.3857.3967.4097.4207.4327.443
177
Page 178
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
f1 (ppm)
34.73
41.14
52.2153.6958.4459.50
66.68
76.7977.0077.2179.93
109.53
117.95125.46126.71127.58127.93128.35128.98129.14129.63135.51136.30
150.85
154.94
169.95171.66
178
Page 179
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
f1 (ppm)
2.00
4.14
2.34
2.261.91
1.79
1.951.97
2.052.00
13.19
2.37
1.9481.9541.9601.9661.9722.2122.5052.5242.5402.5602.9692.9843.0053.0223.0403.0703.0973.1093.1343.1464.0594.0804.1024.1574.1704.184
4.907
5.9006.035
6.6846.7036.7346.7536.7727.1127.1317.1497.3547.373
179
Page 180
-20
-10
010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
f1 (ppm)
0.650.851.061.271.471.681.89
36.0736.76
56.9557.7360.94
80.53
110.40
118.26120.18126.04127.60129.32130.09130.29131.39137.34
149.98
168.88169.78
180