Zerihun T., Firdissa E., Fekadu F., Kebede T., Mathewos A., Mohamed A., Mizan T., Muluken B., Yosef G., Alemayehu A., and Birhanu B. WHEAT FOR FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA CONFERENCE OCTOBER 8 – 12, 2012, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Exploiting Yield Potential of Ethiopian Commercial Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Outside their Original Recommended Domains
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Exploiting Yield Potential of Ethiopian Commercial Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Outside their Original Recommended Domains
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Zerihun T., Firdissa E., Fekadu F., Kebede T., Mathewos A., Mohamed A., Mizan T.,
Muluken B., Yosef G., Alemayehu A., and Birhanu B.
WHEAT FOR FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA CONFERENCE
OCTOBER 8 – 12, 2012, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
Exploiting Yield Potential of Ethiopian Commercial Bread
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Outside their
Original Recommended Domains
Presentation outline
Introduction
Objectives
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Summary and Conclusions
Wheat in Ethiopia:
The 2nd largest producer in SSA
Bread & durum wheat are dominant species
Durum & emmer are indigenous and BW is a recent
introduction
National average yield reached a 2.0 t/ha from a 0.8 t/ha in
1980s, 4-6 t/ha on research fields
INTRODUCTION
s
Debre Zeit
Holetta
Haremaya
Sinana
Awassa
Sirinka Adet
D/Birhan Ambo
Areka
Werer
Mekele
Currently 15 research centers are involved in wheat research
Since 1974, > 45 BW varieties have been released
Fig. 1. Active Wheat Research Centers in the Ethiopia
Cont...
Major wheat producing regions of Ethiopia
Highlands & mid-altitudes
Out of 18 major AEZ, it is grown in more than eight AEZ.
The major wheat growing areas include:
South - Hadiya & Kambata
South-Eastern - Arsi & Bale
Central Highlands – Shoa
North & North-Western - Gojam, Gondar, Wello and Tigray
Several secondary areas of wheat production in the country
Cont...
Major constraint of wheat production in the country;
Traditional production system,
Biotic and abiotic factors,
Inadequate and timely supply of inputs,
Suboptimal use of recommended packages,
Socio-economic limitations (credit and infrastructure),
Lack of varieties for specific growing conditions
(drought, waterlogged and irrigation)
Shortage of widely adapted varieties and
Lack of durable resistance of the existing widely
adapted varieties (Kubsa)
Cont...
Objectives
To investigate yield potential of the existing commercial BW
varieties outside their recommended domains
Cont...
Experimental sites
30 locations in 2011 main cropping season
Testing sites represent highland, mid-altitude and low land
wheat growing zone
Conducted both on station and on farm
These locations have d/t soil types, altitude & mean annual RF
Experimental Materials
21 commercial rust resistant BW varieties used (Table 1)
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Table 1. List of BW varieties used for the study
No Variety Year of
Release Maturity (days) Altitude (m) Released Center
1 Danda’a 2010 110-145 2000-2600 KARC /EIAR
2 Kakaba 2010 90-120 1500-2200 KARC /EIAR
3 Hawii* 2000 105-125 1800-2200 KARC /EIAR
4 Tusie* 1997 125-130 2000-2500 KARC /EIAR
5 Pavon-76* 1982 120-135 750-2500 KARC /EIAR
6 ET-13A2* 1981 127-149 2200-2900 KARC /EIAR
7 K6295-4A 1980 128-131 1900-2400 KARC /EIAR
8 Shorima 2011 126-130 1800-2400 KARC /EIAR
9 Huluka 2011 133-140 2200-2800 KARC /EIAR
10 Digelu* 2005 100-120 2000-2600 KARC /EIAR
11 Sofumar* 2000 125-150 2300-2800 SARC/OARI
12 Mada-Walabu* 2000 100-125 2300-2800 SARC/OARI
13 Tay 2005 104-130 1900-2800 ADARC/ARARI
14 Senkegna 2005 105-125 1900-2800 ADARC/ARARI
15 Gasay 2007 118-127 1890-2800 ADARC/ARARI
16 Menze 2007 154 2800-3100 DBARC/ARARI
17 Bolo 2009 157 2580-3100 DBARC/ARARI
18 Alidoro 2007 118-180 2200-2900 HARC/EIAR
19 Dinknesh 2007 145 2400-3000 SRARC/ARARI
20 Tossa 2004 134-143 2400-3000 SRARC/ARARI
21 Kulkulu - - - HAROMAYA UNIVERSITY
Cont...
Experimental design, procedures and statistical analysis
Experimental design was RCBD with 2 replications
Each plot consisted of 6 rows of 2.5 x 1.2 m spacing
Fertilizer and other agronomic practices were applied as per
the recommendations of each study area
Data for grain yield was collected from central 4 rows