reflection refraction #bigger angle at TOP! 2 convex lenses eyepiece objective lens # give wider view (at store, corner of road) Reflection (mirror) Light light θ i = θ r = incident angle reflected angle Law of Reflection Plane Mirror Incident ray (i), reflected ray (r), and normal line lies on the same plane. Bending of light when travel through different optical density. 1. NO unit! 2. Value must be MORE > 1 Less dense to dense θ i > θ r bends TOWARDS normal Dense to less dense θ i < θ r bends AWAY from normal Image DO NOT depend on position of the object 1. Virtual 2. Upright 3. Diminish Convex mirror = Concave lens Characteristic of image: 1. Virtual 2. Upright 3. Same size 4. Laterally inverted 5. Same distance Object 2m 2m Image θi θr θ i = θ r Refraction (lenses) Image DEPEND on position of the object Concave mirror = Convex lens V U D M R I D R I D R I D R I SS R I M V U M V U M R I SS R I SS R I M = Virtual = Upright = Diminish = Magnified R I SS = Real = Inverted = Same size C C F F Convex mirror Object Image C F Concave mirror Convex lens Objective lens telescope C F 2F F F 2F 60° Air Air 60° 35° 35° Glass Glass Refractive Index, n Photocopy machine Projector/ Microscope Eyepiece telecope Magnifying glass Camera n = sin i sin r Power, P = 100 Magnification, m = v = hi f u ho 1 = 1 + 1 f u v n = 1 sin c n = speed of light in vacuum, c speed of light in medium where c = 3 x 10 8 ms -1 Diopter, D (in cm) θi = critical angle i > c TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION air c glass n = real depth, D apparent depth, d air c glass D d 2F F 2F F Object Object Image Image F F Object Image 2F F 2F F o u v f u = object distance v = image distance f = focal length f P Telescope Power Power Microscope Power Power Copyright © 2019 to Aplus Excellent Resources. All rights reserved. n vacuum = 1.0 n air = 1.0029 (1.0) n water = 1.33 n glass/prism =1.4 -1.9 value of n, density speed of light RULE FOR TIR TO OCCURS incident angle i > critical angle c light travel from denser medium to less denser medium (from higher refractive index to lower refractive index) V U M V U M infinity infinity incident angle that produce refracted angle at 90 0 bigger diameter lens - more light can be refracted EXPLAINATION OF THIS NOTES IS ON OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL SUBSCRIBE : SPM FIZIK PHYSICSOTHERAPY me/fizikspmphysicsotherapy www.cikguajwad.com [email protected]