Expert Panel Majority) Preliminary Report

8/3/2019 Expert Panel Majority) Preliminary Report

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Wfhgzrxlfhafc @o Xng Flxa`fld ]z`jdgi


2/46

Rxlxg$ R`vgzgacfxq$ ]g`}dg

:5< Xnar Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx xng flig ò xng Rxlxg jg Xng Zg}wjdab ò Rza

Dlfkl&

:5: O`dd`safc ozì xng lj`vg$ xng Rxlxg rnldd xngzgo`zg jg hgrbzajgh af xng

B`frxaxwxa`f lr `fg$ ozgg$ r`vgzgacf lfh afhg}gfhgfx Rxlxg& Xng wrg ò

harxafbxavg g~}zgrra`fr$ rwbn lr& wfaxlzq$ oghgzld$ wfa`f ò zgca`fr/}z`vafbgr

li`fc `xngzr$ rn`wdh xngzgo`zg jg lvàhgh lfh afrxglh zgogzgfbg ilq jg ilhg

x` xng Rxlxg lr b`frarxafc ò afrxaxwxa`fr ò xng Bgfxzg lfh ò xng ]z`vafbgr snabn

rnldd g~gzbarg }`sgz af xng ilffgz }z`vahgh o`z af xng B`frxaxwxa`f&

:52 Xng Rxlxg rnldd jg `jdacgh x` rlogcwlzh xng afhg}gfhgfbg$ r`vgzgacfxq$ wfaxq

lfh xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq ò xng Zg}wjdab lfh x` }zgrgzvg lfh lhvlfbg l Rza Dlfklf

ahgfxaxq$ zgb`cfauafc xng iwdxa)gxnfab$ iwdxa)dafcwld$ iwdxa)zgdaca`wr lfh iwdxa)

bwdxwzld bnlzlbxgz ò xng Rza Dlfklf r`bagxq&

:58 Xng ]g`}dg ò Rza Dlfkl rnldd jg hgrbzajgh af xng B`frxaxwxa`f lr jgafc

bì}`rgh ò xng b`frxaxwgfx }g`}dgr ò Rza Dlfkl& Xng zacnx ò gvgzq

b`frxaxwgfx }g`}dg x` hgvgd`} axr `sf dlfcwlcg$ x` hgvgd`} lfh }zì`xg axr

bwdxwzg lfh x` }zgrgzvg axr narx`zq lfh xng zacnx x` axr hwg rnlzg ò Rxlxg }`sgz

afbdwhafc xng zacnx x` hwg zg}zgrgfxlxa`f af afrxaxwxa`fr ò c`vgzfigfx rnldd jgzgb`cfaugh saxn`wx af lfq slq sglkgfafc xng bìi`f Rza Dlflklf ahgfxaxq& Xnar

rnldd f`x af lfq slq jg b`frxzwgh lr lwxn`zauafc `z gfb`wzlcafc lfq lbxa`f snabn

s`wdh harigijgz `z ai}laz$ x`xlddq `z af }lzx$ xng xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq `z }`daxabld

wfaxq ò xng Zg}wjdab&


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Rw}zgilbq @o Xng B`frxaxwxa`f$ B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wzx

25< Xng rw}zgilbq ò xng B`frxaxwxa`f rnldd jg zgb`cfaugh& Ldd lbxa`fr ò xng

Bgfxzg lfh ò xng ]z`vafbgr afb`frarxgfx saxn xng B`frxaxwxa`f rnldd jg vàh&

25: Xnar Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx xng n`dhgz ò xng òoabg ò ]zgrahgfx rn`wdh nlvg

}gzr`fld aiiwfaxq o`z lfq g~gbwxavg lbxa`f xlkgf jq nai lr d`fc lr ng n`dhr

òoabg& N`sgvgz$ ldd g~gbwxavg lbxa`fr ò xng ]zgrahgfx rn`wdh jg rwjegbx x` ewhabald

zgvags&

252 Xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xng rgxxafc w} ò l B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wzx$ lr l

r}gbaldaugh b`wzx$ x` lhewhablxg `f b`frxaxwxa`fld ilxxgzr& Xng B`wzx rnldd b`frarx

ò giafgfx igijgzr ò xng dgcld bìiwfaxq lfh ò `xngzr sn` nlvg r}gbaldaugh

kf`sdghcg af c`vgzflfbg& Ax ar xng vags ò xng Cz`w} xnlx xng B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wzx

rn`wdh jg `wxrahg xng nagzlzbnq ò b`wzxr rgx `wx af xng B`frxaxwxa`f$ af xnlx ax

s`wdh f`x jg l B`wzx x` snabn ewhcgr ò `xngz b`wzxr b`wdh g~}gbx x` jg

l}}àfxgh jq }zì`xa`f& N`sgvgz$ ewhcgr ò `xngz B`wzxr nlvafc r}gbaldaugh

kf`sdghcg af b`frxaxwxa`fld dls s`wdh jg gdacajdg o`z l}}àfxigfx x` xng B`wzx&

Igijgzr ò xng B`wzx rnldd jg l}}àfxgh jq xng ]zgrahgfx `f xng

zgbìigfhlxa`f ò xng Nacn ]`rxr Bìiarra`f .vahg 25? jgd`s!& Xng B`wzx

rn`wdh zgodgbx xng }dwzldarxab bnlzlbxgz ò xng Rza Dlfklf }g`}dg& Xngzg rnldd ldr`

jg l ]lfgd ò G~}gzxr x` lrrarx xng B`wzx `f r}gbaldaugh rwjegbxr$ lx xng harbzgxa`f

ò xng B`wzx&

258 Xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx xng B`wzx nlvg xng }`sgz x` rxzakg h`sf Bgfxzld

lfh ]z`vafbald dgcardlxa`f snabn ar va`dlxavg ò xng B`frxaxwxa`f$ f`xsaxnrxlfhafc

xng olbx xnlx rwbn dgcardlxa`f nlr jggf hwdq bgzxaoagh lbb`zhafc x` xng


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B`frxaxwxa`f&& Ldd g~arxafc dls .`xngz xnlf xng zgr}gbxavg }gzr`fld dlsr! rnldd jg

zglh rwjegbx x` xng B`frxaxwxa`f&

257 Sngzg l |wgrxa`f ò xng afxgz}zgxlxa`f ò xng B`frxaxwxa`f `z afb`frarxgfbq ò

l dls$ }z`vafbald rxlxwxg `z lf gigzcgfbq zgcwdlxa`f saxn xng }z`vara`fr ò xng

B`frxaxwxa`f$ `z xng b`frxaxwxa`fldaxq ò lf lbx ò xng ]zgrahgfx$ lzargr af lfq

}z`bgghafcr af lfq b`wzx `z xzajwfld$ ax ar xng vags ò xnar Cz`w}$ xnlx rwbn

|wgrxa`f jg zgogzzgh jq rwbn b`wzx `z xzajwfld x` xng }z`}`rgh B`frxaxwxa`fld

B`wzx&

25? Af `zhgz xnlx xng B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wzx ar ngdh af nacn grxggi$ xnar Cz`w} ar ò

xng vags xnlx xng bwzzgfx B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wfbad rn`wdh jg zg)fligh lr xng Nacn

]`rxr Bìiarra`f&

Rlogcwlzhr LclafrxRgbgrra`f

85< Xngzg rn`wdh jg af)jwadx igbnlfarir x` harb`wzlcg rgbgrra`farx xgfhgfbagr

lfh x` }zgrgzvg xng wfaxq$ r`vgzgacfxq lfh xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq ò xng Rxlxg&

85: L ]z`vafbald Dgcardlxwzg `z ]z`vafbald C`vgzfigfx rnldd f`x$ jq hazgbx `z

afhazgbx iglfr$ }zì`xg `z `xngzsarg lhv`blxg `z lxxgi}x x` }zì`xg `z

`xngzsarg lhv`blxg lf afaxalxavg x`slzhr xng rg}lzlxa`f `z rgbgrra`f ò lfq

]z`vafbg `z }lzx xngzgò$ ozì xng Zg}wjdab&

852 Gigzcgfbq }`sgzr ò xng Bgfxzg x` afxgzvgfg af xng ]z`vafbgr af xng gvgfx ò

l bdglz lfh }zgrgfx hlfcgz x` xng wfaxq$ xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq lfh r`vgzgacfxq ò


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xng Rxlxg lfh af blrgr sngzg xng ]z`vafbald lwxn`zaxagr zg|wgrx xng afxgzvgfxa`f ò

xng Bgfxzg$ rnldd jg bdglzdq r}gdx `wx af xng B`frxaxwxa`f& Lbb`zhafcdq$ xng

B`frxaxwxa`f rn`wdh }z`vahg o`z xng o`dd`safc5)

8525.l! L hgbdlzlxa`f ò lf gigzcgfbq af l ]z`vafbg$ sngzg xng ]zgrahgfx ar ò

`}afa`f xnlx xng rgbwzaxq `z }wjdab `zhgz ò xng ]z`vafbg ar xnzglxgfgh jq lzigh

afrwzzgbxa`f$ czlvg afxgzfld harxwzjlfbgr `z jq lfq lbx `z ìarra`f ò xng

]z`vafbald C`vgzfigfx snabn }zgrgfxr l bdglz lfh }zgrgfx hlfcgz x` xng wfaxq$

xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq lfh r`vgzgacfxq ò xng Zg}wjdab& Xnar s`wdh gi}`sgz xng

]zgrahgfx x` hg}d`q lzigh o`zbgr `z xng Flxa`fld ]`dabg x` zgrx`zg }wjdab `zhgz

lfh x` ilkg zgcwdlxa`fr af zgr}gbx ò rwjegbxr af xng Flxa`fld Darx `z af zgr}gbx ò

dls lfh `zhgz&

8525.j! L hgbdlzlxa`f ò gigzcgfbq af l ]z`vafbg$ s`wdh jg h`fg jq xng ]zgrahgfx

w}`f jgafc lhvargh jq xng C`vgzf`z$ b`frg|wgfx x` lhvabg cavgf x` nai jq xng

Bnago Iafarxgz& Xnar s`wdh gi}`sgz xng ]zgrahgfx x` lwxn`zaug òoabaldr ò xng

Bgfxzg x` g~gzbarg }`sgzr af zgr}gbx ò rwjegbxr af xng ]z`vafbald Darx$ lfh$ o`z xng

]zgrahgfx x` ilkg zgcwdlxa`fr saxn zgr}gbx x` lfq ilxxgz af xng ]z`vafbald Darx lrilq jg r}gbaoagh jq xng C`vgzf`z lbxafc `f xng lhvabg ò xng Bnago Iafarxgz&

8525.b! Sngzg xng ]zgrahgfx ar ò `}afa`f xnlx l raxwlxa`f nlr lzargf af snabn l

]z`vafbald Dgcardlxwzg/C`vgzfigfx ar }zì`xafc lf lzigh zgjgdda`f `z

afrwzzgbxa`f$ `z ar gfclcafc af xng afxgfxa`fld va`dlxa`f ò r}gbaoagh }z`vara`fr ò

xng B`frxaxwxa`f zgdlxafc x` xng wfaxq$ r`vgzgacfxq lfh xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq ò xng

Zg}wjdab lfh xnlx xng }`sgzr ò ]z`vafbald lwxn`zaxagr }zgrgfxr l bdglz lfh}zgrgfx hlfcgz x` xng wfaxq lfh r`vgzgacfxq ò xng Zg}wjdab$ xng ]zgrahgfx s`wdh

jg gi}`sgzgh x` lrrwig ldd `z lfq owfbxa`fr ò xng ]z`vafbg lfh af lf g~xzgig

raxwlxa`f$ x` harr`dvg af xgzir ò xng B`frxaxwxa`f xng gzzlfx ]z`vafbald Dgcardlxwzg&

Xng }zafba}dgr ò hgi`bzlbq lfh g|waxq rn`wdh jg w}ngdh lfh xng B`frxaxwxa`f

ngdh rw}zgig&


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858 Xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx xng lj`vg lbxr ò xng ]zgrahgfx jg rwjegbx x`

Ewhabald b`fxz`d lfh ]lzdaligfxlzq b`fxz`d lr sgdd& [Af xnar b`ffgbxa`f rgg ldr` 257

lj`vgY

857 Xngzg rn`wdh ldr` jg lf `jdaclxa`f `f xng }lzx ò xng Bgfxzg x` }z`xgbx gvgzq

]z`vafbg lclafrx g~xgzfld lcczgrra`f lfh afxgzfld harxwzjlfbg lfh x` gfrwzg xnlx

xng C`vgzfigfx ò gvgzq ]z`vafbg ar blzzagh `f af lbb`zhlfbg saxn xng }z`vara`fr

ò xng B`frxaxwxa`f [_ahg5 Lzxabdg 277 ò xng Afhalf B`frxaxwxa`f snabn }z`vahgr o`z

rwbn l raxwlxa`fY&

]`sgz Rnlzafc

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9/46

hgvgd`}igfx lfh jg hgracfgh x` gfnlfbg lhiafarxzlxavg gooabagfbq& Haoogzgfbgr af

gfh`sigfxr lzg x` jg g~}gbxgh li`fc wfaxr&

?52 Af xnar b`fxg~x$ xng Cz`w} ar ò xng vags xnlx xnlx l}}z`}zalxg wfax ò

hgv`dwxa`f s`wdh jg xng ]z`vafbg&

?58 Sg nlvg n`sgvgz f`xgh xnlx olbx`zr rwbn lr gxnfabaxq lfh dlfcwlcg b`wdh f`x

jg g~bdwhgh af ldd raxwlxa`fr lfh xnlx xngzg ilq nlvg x` jg g~bg}xa`fr af `zhgz x`

lhhzgrr rgbwzaxq lfh `xngz b`fbgzfr ò bìiwfaxagr& Sg lzg ò xng vags xnlx

ahglddq rwbn g~bg}xa`fr rn`wdh jg daiaxgh af xaig lfh xnlx$ wdxailxgdq$ gxnfabaxq

rn`wdh f`x jg xng r`dg bzaxgza`f o`z xng grxljdarnigfx ò wfaxr& Xnar rn`wdh f`x$

n`sgvgz$ }zgbdwhg r}gbald lzzlfcgigfxr jgafc }wx af }dlbg x` lhhzgrr rwbn

b`fbgzfr&

?57 Xng Cz`w} slr ò xng vags xnlx lfq }z`}`rgh igzcgz ò xs` `z xnzgg

]z`vafbgr `xngz xnlf xng F`zxn lfh Glrx s`wdh f`x }`rg lfq }z`jdgi ao h`fg

xnz`wcn zgogzgfhl af lbb`zhlfbg saxn }z`vara`fr }zgrgfxdq lvladljdg af xng B`frxaxwxa`f lfh xng ]z`vafbald B`wfbadr Lbx$ F`& 8: ò 3&

?5? Xng Cz`w} b`frahgzgh ax wrgowd x` ahgfxaoq xng b`fbgzfr ò bìiwfaxagr xnlx

ilq jg zgdgvlfx x` xng wfax/r af xng F`zxn lfh Glrx&

?53 Af xnar b`fxg~x xng Cz`w} ahgfxaoagh xng o`dd`safc lr xng ilaf b`fbgzfr ò xngRza Dlfklf Xliadr5)5


10/46

?535.l! l oggdafc ò g~bdwra`f ozì }`daxabld }`sgz afbdwhafc arrwgr/ilxxgzr

loogbxafc Xliadr;

?535.j! lbbgrr x` Rxlxg dlfh; lfh

?535.b! l cgfgzld oggdafc ò afrgbwzaxq&

?5> Xng Cz`w} ahgfxaoagh xng o`dd`safc lr jgafc xng ilaf b`fbgzfr ò xng Iwrdair

ò xng F`zxn lfh Glrx5)

?5>5.l! oglz ò gxnfab bdglfrafc lfh xng b`frg|wgfx d`rr ò }zavlxg }z`}gzxq af xng

F`zxn lfh Glrx;

?5>5.j! rgbwzaxq; lfh

?5>5.b! lbbgrr x` Rxlxg dlfh&

?51 Xng o`dd`safc sgzg ahgfxaoagh jq xng Cz`w} lr jgafc xng ilaf b`fbgzfr ò xng

Rafnldgrg af xng F`zxn lfh Glrx5)

?515.l! rgbwzaxq; lfh


11/46

?515.j! l}}zgngfra`f ò }`rrajdg d`rr ò davgdan``h `}}`zxwfaxagr zgrwdxafc ozì

hgv`dwxa`f&

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12/46

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13/46

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14/46

Hwzafc xng afxgzai }gza`h$ rlogcwlzhr rwbn lr afxgzflddq lwx`fì`wr Rafnldl lfh

Iwrdai ile`zaxq wfaxr lfh h`wjdg ile`zaxq ilq jg afb`z}`zlxgh af xng afxgzgrxr

ò xng Iwrdai lfh Rafnldgrg iaf`zaxagr& Rwbn l xgf)qglz }gza`h ò s`zkafc

x`cgxngz s`wdh òogz xng haoogzgfx bìiwfaxagr l bnlddgfcafc `}}`zxwfaxq& L

F`zxn)Glrx Afxgzai ]z`vafbald Dgcardlxwzg lfh C`vgzfigfx b`wdh jg l i`hgd ò

gxnfab nlzi`fq lfh xng ile`zaxq ò xng }g`}dg ò xng Glrx ilq sgdd slfx x`

b`fxafwg xnlx slq&

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15/46

]z`vafbald r}ngzg saxn l }z`vara`f o`z l B`fbwzzgfx Darx b`frarxafc ò l iafaiwi

ò rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr&

35: Xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhgh xnlx xng harxzajwxa`f ò }`sgzr rn`wdh jg g~}dabax

lfh hgvàh ò lijacwaxq& Xng Bgfxzld dgcardlxwzg rnldd nlvg f` dgcardlxavg }`sgz af

zgr}gbx ò rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr af xng ]z`vafbald Darx snadg ]z`vafbald Dgcardlxwzgr

rnldd f`x nlvg dgcardlxavg }`sgzr af zgr}gbx ò rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr af xng

Flxa`fld Darx& Sngzg l rwjegbx `z owfbxa`f f`x o`wfh af lfq Darx ar lfbaddlzq x` l

rwjegbx `z owfbxa`f ldzglhq afbdwhgh af xng ]z`vafbald Darx$ rwbn rwjegbx `z owfbxa`f

rnldd jg hggigh x` jg lf axgi af xng ]z`vafbald Darx& Ldd `xngz rwjegbxr lfh

owfbxa`fr f`x g~}dabaxdq darxgh af xng xnzgg Darxr rnldd jg hggigh x` jg afbdwhgh af

xng Flxa`fld Darx&

352 Xng Cz`w} ldr` zgbìigfhr xnlx rwjegbxr rwbn lr Hgogfbg$ Flxa`fld Rgbwzaxq$

O`zgacf Loolazr$ Aiiaczlxa`f/ Baxaugfrna}$ Bìiwfablxa`f$ Flxa`fld

Xzlfr}`zxlxa`f$ Afxgzflxa`fld Bìigzbg/ Xzlhg$ Ilzaxaig U`fgr lfh Rna}}afc

lfh Flvaclxa`f snabn lzg fgbgrrlzq x` gfrwzg xng r`vgzgacfxq$ xgzzax`zald afxgczaxq

lfh gb`fìab wfaxq ò Rza Dlfkl rnldd jg zgrgzvgh o`z xng Bgfxzg&&

358 Sngzg flxa`fld }`dabq `z flxa`fld rxlfhlzhr fggh x` jg dlah h`sf$ ax rn`wdh jg

h`fg xnz`wcn l }lzxaba}lx`zq }z`bgrr saxn xng afv`dvgigfx ò xng ]z`vafbgr$

bwdiaflxafc af ozligs`zk dgcardlxa`f }lrrgh jq ]lzdaligfx& Ozligs`zk dgcardlxa`f

af zgr}gbx ò l hgv`dvgh rwjegbx rnldd f`x li`wfx x` dls l}}dabljdg `f xng rwjegbx

saxnaf ]z`vafbgr jwx ]z`vafbgr s`wdh jg zg|wazgh x` b`fo`zi x` rwbn ozligs`zk

dgcardlxa`f sngf }lrrafc rxlxwxgr& Xng Cz`w} nlr gfhglv`wzgh x` iafaiaug xngrwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr af zgr}gbx ò snabn flxa`fld }`dabq `z flxa`fld rxlfhlzh

ilq jg dlah h`sf&


16/46

357 Xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx l ]z`vafbg s`wdh jg zg|wazgh x` fgc`xalxg saxn

xng Bgfxzg lfh rggk xng lwxn`zaxq ò ]lzdaligfx o`z xng xzlfrogz ò lfq rwjegbxr `z

owfbxa`fr af xng B`fbwzzgfx Darx x` axr `sf ]z`vafbald Darx&

35? Af vags ò xng narx`zabld olbx xnlx xng Xliad }g`}dg nlh jggf lcaxlxafc o`z rgdo)

zwdg `vgz l }gza`h ò xaig$ lfh xng }zgrgfx b`fodabx nlvg axr `zacafr af xnlx

lcaxlxa`f$ xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx ldd rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr af xng

B`fbwzzgfx Darx jg hggigh x` jg rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr ò xng ]z`vafbald Darx ò

xng wfax/r ò xng F`zxn)Glrx& Xnar s`wdh lbx lr l rlogcwlzh lclafrx }`rrajdg

afxzwra`fr jq xng Bgfxzg afx` lzglr ò }z`vafbald bì}gxgfbg&

353 Xng lj`vg igbnlfari }z`vahgr o`z lrqiigxzq lx xng jgcaffafc jwx saxn ldd

]z`vafbgr nlvafc xng `}}`zxwfaxq x` wdxailxgdq xlkg `vgz ldd rwjegbxr lfh

owfbxa`fr af xng B`fbwzzgfx Darx$ zgrwdxafc af rqiigxzq&

35> Xng Cz`w} s`wdh ilkg hgxladgh zgbìigfhlxa`fr lr xng rwjegbxr lfh

owfbxa`fr x` jg afbdwhgh af xng Flxa`fld$ ]z`vafbald lfh B`fbwzzgfx Darxr lx l dlxgzrxlcg&

Ewhabalzq

>5< Xng afrxaxwxa`fr lhiafarxgzafc ewrxabg rnldd jg xng Rw}zgig B`wzx$ xng B`wzx ò

L}}gld$ ]z`vafbald Nacn B`wzxr lfh `xngz b`wzxr$ xzajwfldr lfh `xngz afrxaxwxa`fr

grxljdarngh jq xng B`frxaxwxa`f lfh jq dls& Xng Cz`w} zgbìigfhr xnlx xng

Rw}zgig B`wzx lfh xng B`wzxr ò L}}gld rn`wdh zgodgbx xng }dwzldarxab bnlzlbxgz ò

Rza Dlfkl Lr ldzglhq zgbìigfhgh$ xng B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wzx rnldd jg l r}gbaldaugh

b`wzx nglhgh jq l ]zgrahgfx&


17/46

>5: Xng B`wzx ò L}}gld rnldd rax af B`dìj` lfh xng ]z`vafbgr& Xng }zgrgfx

l}}gddlxg$ zgvara`flzq lfh szax ewzarhabxa`f ò xng ]z`vafbald Nacn B`wzxr rnldd jg

xzlfrogzzgh x` xng B`wzx ò L}}gld lfh rnldd jg g~gzbargh jq xng B`wzx ò L}}gldraxxafc af xng zgdgvlfx ]z`vafbg& Ax sadd ldr` nlvg l owfhligfxld zacnxr ewzarhabxa`f

af zgr}gbx ò lddgcgh va`dlxa`fr jq ]z`vafbald lwxn`zaxagr& Xng B`wzx ò L}}gld sadd

nlvg Havara`fr$ n`dhafc rgrra`fr af glbn ]z`vafbald bl}axld lfh rwbn `xngz }dlbgr lr

ilq jg hgbahgh jq xng Bnago Ewrxabg ò xng Rw}zgig B`wzx&

Xng Cz`w} afxgfhr ilkafc owzxngz zgbìigfhlxa`fr `f xnar ilxxgz af l owxwzg

zg}`zx$ jwx n`sgvgz sarngr x` rxlxg xnlx L}}gldr af zgr}gbx ò Bavad ilxxgzrrn`wdh jg }gziaxxgh }zgogzljdg saxn dglvg ozì xng d`sgz b`wzx lfh xng zgdgvlfx

l}}gddlxg b`wzx& Ax ldr` g~}zgrrgr xng vags xnlx xngzg `wcnx x` jg l hgczgg ao

lbb`wfxljadaxq ò Ewhcgr af zgr}gbx ò xng s`zk h`fg jq xngi&

>52 Xng o`dd`safc axgir ilq jg afbdwhgh af xng flxa`fld$ }z`vafbald lfh b`fbwzzgfx

darxr5

Flxa`fld Darx

Lhiafarxzlxa`f ò ewrxabg; B`wzx }z`bghwzg&

]z`vafbald Darx

Lhiafarxzlxa`f ò ewrxabg saxnaf l ]z`vafbg$ x` xng g~xgfx ò xng }z`vara`f lfh

rgxxafc w} ò b`wzx jwadhafcr af b`frwdxlxa`f saxn xng Flxa`fld Ewhabald Rgzvabg


18/46

Bìiarra`f$ xng ilafxgflfbg ò b`wzx jwadhafcr lfh xng hgvgd`}igfx ò

afozlrxzwbxwzg ò b`wzxr; ighalxa`f lfh b`fbadalxa`f&

B`fbwzzgfx Darx

L}}àfxigfx$ }zì`xa`f x` czlhgr d`sgz xnlf Harxzabx Ewhcgr$ xzlfrogzr saxnaf

xng ]z`vafbg$ harba}daflzq b`fxz`d lfh hariarrld ò ewhabald òoabgzr af czlhgr d`sgz

xnlf Harxzabx Ewhcgr lfh xng l}}àfxigfx$ }zì`xa`fr w} x` xng czlhg ò

Zgcarxzlz ò b`wzxr d`sgz xnlf Harxzabx B`wzxr$ xzlfrogzr saxnaf xng ]z`vafbg$

harba}daflzq b`fxz`d lfh hariarrld ò r}gbaoagh }wjdab òoabgz$ af lbb`zhlfbg saxn

flxa`fld cwahgdafgr lr hgxgziafgh jq xng Flxa`fld Ewhabald Rgzvabg Bìiarra`f&

Xngrg }`sgzr rnldd jg g~gzbargh jq l ]z`vafbald Ewhabald Rgzvabg Bìiarra`f

bì}zarafc ò xng xs` rgfa`z i`rx Ewhcgr ò xng ]z`vafbald Nacn B`wzx lfh l

zgxazgh ewhabald òoabgz l}}àfxgh jq xng C`vgzf`z& Xng rgfa`z i`rx li`fc xng

xs` Ewhcgr rnldd jg xng Bnlazilf&

Oarbld Hgv`dwxa`f Lfh Bgfxzg)]z`vafbg Oarbld Zgdlxa`fr

15< Xng hgracf ò oarbld lfh oaflfbald lzzlfcgigfxr wfhgz xng Xnazxggfxn

Ligfhigfx h`gr f`x gfljdg zgldaug xng owdd jgfgoaxr ò hgv`dwxa`f lfh b`fxzajwxg

x`slzhr jldlfbgh zgca`fld hgvgd`}igfx& L x`xld zghgracf ilq jg fgbgrrlzq

xlkafc afx` lbb`wfx xng o`ziwdlxa`f rgx `wx af xng B`frxaxwxa`f Jadd ò :===&

15: Xng g~}gfhaxwzg zgr}`frajadaxagr lfh zgvgfwg }`sgzr zgrwdx af l dlzcg

}z`vafbald oarbld cl} ilkafc ]z`vafbgr `vgzdq hg}gfhgfx w}`f xng Bgfxzg& Xn`wcn

xng ]z`vafbgr lzg cwlzlfxggh xng ldd`blxa`f ò lhg|wlxg owfhr x` iggx xngaz

fgghr lfh grxljdarngr l Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f x` b`frwdx saxn lfh zgbìigfh x`


19/46

C`vgzfigfx snlx xn`rg fgghr lzg$ xng ldd`blxa`f ò owfhr ozì xng Lffwld

Jwhcgx dglvgr xng hgbara`f gfxazgdq af xng nlfhr ò xng C`vgzfigfx& Lijacwaxagr

af xng lrracfigfx ò rwjegbxr nlvg ldd`sgh xng Bgfxzg x` r}gfh af lzglr ò

}z`vafbald bì}gxgfbg lfh zgrxzabxafc xng rb`}g ò rgzvabgr }z`vahgh jq

]z`vafbgr& Ax ar ai}gzlxavg xnlx xng zgrwdxafc hwldaxq af xng }z`vara`f ò }wjdab

rgzvabgr ar zgr`dvgh xnz`wcn bdglz Bgfxzg)]z`vafbg ilfhlxgr& Xng rwjrxlfxavg z`dg

ò xng Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f ar x` zgbìigfh x` xng ]zgrahgfx xng jlrar o`z xng

l}}`zxa`figfx ò rwbn owfhr ldd`blxgh ozì xng jwhcgx& Ax ar saxnaf xngrg daiaxr

xnlx lfq g|wldaulxa`f ò oarbld bl}lbaxq x` lbnagvg jldlfbgh zgca`fld hgvgd`}igfx

ar }`rrajdg&

152 Xng oarbld lfh oaflfbald lzzlfcgigfxr o`z hgv`dwxa`f xngzgo`zg fggh x` jg

zghgracfgh& Xngrg rn`wdh lhhzgrr xng r}azax ò hgv`dwxa`f x` gfljdg ]z`vafbgr

}gzo`zi lr gooabagfx }z`vahgzr ò }wjdab rgzvabgr lrracfgh& Jlrab }zafba}dgr xnlx

rn`wdh wfhgz}af rwbn zghgracfafc lzg xng bzaxgzal ò ]z`vafbald Lwx`fìq$

Zgvgfwg Lhg|wlbq$ G|waxq$ Gooabagfbq lfh ]zghabxljadaxq& Xng hgracf ò oarbld lfh

oaflfbald lzzlfcgigfxr rn`wdh }z`vahg o`z xng o`dd`safc5

1525.l! Bdlzaxq af hgdafglxafc xng g~}gfhaxwzg zgr}`frajadaxagr ò xng ]z`vafbgr var)

)var xng Bgfxzg& Xnar ar jlrgh w}`f xng bdlzaxq af xng lrracfigfx ò rwjegbxr lfh

owfbxa`fr jgxsggf xng Bgfxzg lfh ]z`vafbgr lfh xng jlrar o`z xng xzglxigfx ò

B`fbwzzgfx rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr& Xng darxafc ò rwjegbxr lfh owfbxa`fr af xng

B`frxaxwxa`f Jadd ò :=== gdaiaflxgr iwbn ò xng lijacwaxq xnlx ar }zgrgfx af xng

Xnazxggfxn Ligfhigfx& Lfq Bgfxzg)]z`vafbg arrwgr af xnar zgclzh blf jg xlkgf w}

lx xng B`wfbad ò Bnago Iafarxgzr `z zgogzzgh x` xng B`frxaxwxa`fld B`wzx&

1525.j! Lvladljadaxq ò lhg|wlxg zgvgfwgr x` harbnlzcg g~}gfhaxwzg zgr}`frajadaxagr

af l ilffgz xnlx iggxr saxn xng hgracf bzaxgzal ar rafg |wl f`f o`z xng gooabagfx

}z`vara`f ò hgv`dvgh }wjdab rgzvabgr& L bìjaflxa`f ò `sf r`wzbgr ò zgvgfwg

lfh zgvgfwg rnlzafc ar fgbgrrlzq x` }z`vahg wfxagh zgr`wzbgr lx lf lhg|wlxg


20/46

dgvgd& Xng B`frxaxwxa`f Jadd }z`vahgr o`z g~barg hwxagr [Lzxabdg :=3 .2! .l!Y$ Xl~gr `f

Sn`dgrldg lfh Zgxlad Rldgr [Lzxabdg :=3 .8! .l!Y lfh Xl~gr `f Rldgr lfh Afbìg f`x

`xngzsarg }z`vahgh o`z [Lzxabdg :=3 .7! .l!Y lr sgdd lr axgir af xng ]z`vafbald Darx lr

zgvgfwg r`wzbgr& Zgvgfwg rnlzafc ar afxz`hwbgh jq Lzxabdg :=3 .7! .j!$ jwx fggh

owzxngz bdlzaoablxa`f lr x` xng i`hldaxagr o`z hgxgziaflxa`f ò xng rnlzg ò xng

]z`vafbgr& Rnlzgh zgvgfwgr rn`wdh jzafc ]z`vafbald zgr`wzbgr w} x` lf lhg|wlxg

dgvgd xnlx ldd`sr harbzgxa`f af ilkafc rgzvabg }z`vara`f bnàbgr lfh hgbara`fr&

1525.b! G|wldaulxa`f czlfxr sadd jg fgbgrrlzq x` lhhzgrr vlzalxa`fr af oarbld bl}lbaxq

lbz`rr ]z`vafbgr lfh gfljdg ]z`vafbgr x` i`vg x`slzhr }z`vahafc l rxlfhlzh

}lbklcg ò rgzvabgr af jzafcafc lj`wx jldlfbgh zgca`fld hgvgd`}igfx& Xng

B`frxaxwxa`fld Jadd ò :=== afxz`hwbgr xng g|wldaulxa`f }zafba}dg af xng

l}}`zxa`figfx ò G~barg lfh Sn`dgrldg lfh Zgxlad Rldgr Xl~gr& Snlx ar zg|wazgh

sadd jg g|wldaulxa`f czlfxr xnlx sadd x`} w} ]z`vafbald zgr`wzbgr x` jg lhg|wlxg o`z

bl}axld g~}gfhaxwzg o`z ai}z`vafc rgzvabgr w} x` iafaiwi flxa`fld rxlfhlzhr&

158 Afrxaxwxa`fld lzzlfcgigfxr o`z xng ighalxa`f ò Bgfxzg)]z`vafbg oarbld

zgdlxa`fr b`frxaxwxg lf afxgczld lfh bzaxabld lr}gbx ò xng oarbld lfh oaflfbaldlzzlfcgigfxr& Xng Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f rn`wdh jg zgvli}gh x` jg ljdg x`

g~gzbarg bngbkr lfh jldlfbgr `f xng Bgfxzg lfh jgbìg lf googbxavg lcgfx ò

g|waxq& Ax ar fgbgrrlzq x` jwadh `f xng }z`}`rldr zgdlxafc x` xng rlig af xng hzlox

b`frxaxwxa`fld Jadd ò :===& R}gbaoab igfxa`f ar ilhg ò Lzxabdg :


21/46

157 Af lhhaxa`f$ xng Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f rn`wdh jg zg|wazgh x` zg}`zx `f lzglr ò

Bgfxzg)]z`vafbg `vgzdl} af g~}gfhaxwzgr lr xnar ar l rgza`wr arrwg& Bgfxzld

g~}gfhaxwzg af lzglr ò ]z`vafbald bì}gxgfbg fgclxgr xng `jegbxavg ò zg)

harxzajwxa`f x` ]z`vafbgr o`z jzafcafc lj`wx jldlfbgh zgca`fld hgvgd`}igfx&

15? Afrxaxwxa`fld lzzlfcgigfxr o`z Bgfxzg)]z`vafbg b`frwdxlxa`f `f oarbld lfh

oaflfbald ilxxgzr b`frxaxwxg lf ai}`zxlfx af}wx af xng ighalxa`f ò Bgfxzg)

]z`vafbg oarbld zgdlxa`fr& Rwbn b`frwdxlxa`f ar x` jg }z`vahgh o`z xnz`wcn l

rxlxwx`zadq b`frxaxwxgh Oaflfbg Iafarxgzr O`zwi&

153 Oaflfbald xzlfrogzr x` D`bld Lwxn`zaxagr lzg }z`vahgh o`z af Czlfxr x` ]z`vafbald

C`vgzfigfxr& Xng Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f sadd lrrgrr fgghr ò D`bld Lwxn`zaxagr

rg}lzlxgdq lfh rwbn owfhr x` jg glzilzkgh o`z xzlfrogz xnz`wcn xng ]z`vafbald

C`vgzfigfxr&

15> Sngzg xng ]zgrahgfx ar rlxaroagh xnlx l raxwlxa`f nlr lzargf sngzgjq xng

oaflfbald rxljadaxq `z bzghax ò Rza Dlfkl `z ò lfq }lzx ò xng xgzzax`zq xngzgò arxnzglxgfgh$ ng ilq hazgbx xng Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f x` arrwg rwbn hazgbxavgr x` l

]z`vafbald B`wfbad lr lzg hggigh fgbgrrlzq x` `jrgzvg rwbn blff`fr ò oarbld lfh

oaflfbald }z`}zagxlzq lfh rwbn `xngz hazgbxavgr lr ilq jg hggigh fgbgrrlzq `z

lhg|wlxg o`z xng }wz}`rg&

151 Xng bì}`raxa`f ò xng Oaflfbg Bìiarra`f af xng vags ò xng Cz`w} rn`wdh

jg raiadlz x` xnlx rgx `wx af Lzxabdg :


22/46

Hgogfbg$ Flxa`fld Rgbwzaxq Lfh Dls Lfh @zhgz


23/46


24/46

]`dabg @ooabgzr Rgzvabg$ lfh zlfkr jgd`s xng czlhg ò LR] zgbzwaxgh `z }zì`xgh

lx xng }z`vafbald dgvgd `z rgb`fhgh ozì xng Flxa`fld ]`dabg Rgzvabg&


25/46

Lwx`f`i`wr U`fld B`wfbad Lfh Afhalf Xliad Bwdxwzld

B`wfbad X` Iggx Xng Lr}azlxa`fr @o Xliadr @o Afhalf @zacaf


26/46

Xng LUB ilq jg gi}`sgzgh x` g~gzbarg ldd }`sgzr ò xng ]zlhgrnaql Rljnlr af

lhhaxa`f x` }`sgzr af zgr}gbx ò rwjegbxr rwbn lr Xliad ighawi rbn``dr$

v`blxa`fld ghwblxa`f$ lczabwdxwzld hgvgd`}igfx$ lfaild nwrjlfhzq lfh bwdxwzldloolazr& Xng B`wfbad ilq jg cavgf xng }`sgz x` ilkg jq)dlsr snadg xng }`sgz x`

ilkg Rxlxwxgr sadd jg saxn xng Dgcardlxwzg ò xng Bgfxzld ]z`vafbg&

Ldd Igijgzr ò ]lzdaligfx lfh ]z`vafbald B`wfbadd`zr ozì xng haoogzgfx

]z`vafbgr jgd`fcafc x` xng Afhalf @zacaf Xliad bìiwfaxq x` jg igijgzr ò xng

AXBB& Af lhhaxa`f$ xngzg x` jg }z`vara`f o`z lj`wx oavg fìaflxgh igijgzr& Ldd

igijgzr ò xng AXBB rnldd jg l}}àfxgh jq xng ]zgrahgfx ò Rza Dlfkl&

Xng AXBB rnldd lbx lr l b`frwdxlxavg j`hq x` xng LUB

Xng LUB rn`wdh nlvg axr `sf jwhcgx$ snabn rnldd afbdwhg czlfxr ozì xng Bgfxzld

Jwhcgx hazgbxdq bnlffgddgh$ jwx saxn afxailxa`f x` xng C`vgzfigfx ò xng Bgfxzld

]z`vafbg& Xng Bgfxzld C`vgzfigfx rn`wdh ldr` }z`vahg lf lffwld jd`bk czlfx o`z

AXBB }zègbxr&

D`bld C`vgzfigfx


27/46


28/46


29/46

zgrxzwbxwzgh r` lr x` o`zi }lzx ò xng }z`vafbald lhiafarxzlxa`f& Xnwr xng

C`vgzfigfx Lcgfx/ Harxzabx Rgbzgxlzq lfh xng Havara`fld Rgbzgxlzq rn`wdh ldr`

jgd`fc x` lf Ldd Ardlfh Rgzvabg lfh n`dh xng zlfk ò l Nglh lfh Hg}wxq Nglh ò

Hg}lzxigfx zgr}gbxavgdq$ af xng }z`vafbald lhiafarxzlxa`f& Ldd Czlil Fadlhnlzar af

l ]z`vafbg rn`wdh ldr` jg ljr`zjgh afx` xng ]z`vafbald ]wjdab Rgzvabg ò xnlx

]z`vafbg&


30/46

xnlf 7 igijgzr [raiadlz x` Lzxabdg :==.

gxnfab bì}`raxa`f lx xng flxa`fld lfh }z`vafbald dgvgdr zgr}gbxavgdq& Fglzdq lr

ilq jg$ `fg)nldo ò xng igijgzrna} ò lfq ò xng }wjdab rgzvabg bìiarra`fr

rnldd jg }gzr`fr sn` rnldd nlvg nlh l iafaiwi ò


31/46

]z`vafbald ]wjdab Rgzvabg Bìiarra`f& Lf òoabgz ò lf ldd ardlfh rgzvabg zgdglrgh x`

l }z`vafbald }wjdab rgzvabg rnldd nlvg xng zacnx ò l}}gld x` xng Flxa`fld ]wjdab

Rgzvabg Bìiarra`f&[Lzxabdg :=:.

l}}àfxigfxr$ xzlfrogzr$ }zì`xa`fr$ hariarrld lfh harba}daflzq b`fxz`d ò

}z`vafbald }wjdab òoabgzr rnldd vgrx af xng zgr}gbxavg ]z`vafbald ]wjdab Rgzvabg

Bìiarra`f& [Lzxabdg :=:.

Rgzvabg Bìiarra`f ilq hgdgclxg ldd `z lfq ò axr owfbxa`fr af zgr}gbx ò lfq

blxgc`zq ò }wjdab òoabgzr x` lfq }wjdab òoabgz&[Lzxabdg :=:.

B`frxaxwxa`f Jadd ò :===Y


32/46

]z`vafbg&[Lzxabdg :=l}}àfxigfx$ }zì`xa`f$ xzlfrogz$ hariarrld lfh harba}daflzq b`fxz`d ò ldd Nglhr

ò ]z`vafbald Hg}lzxigfxr ò l ]z`vafbg afbdwhafc xng ]z`vafbald Afr}gbx`z Cgfgzld

ò ]`dabg lfh xng C`vgzfigfx Lcgfxr .Harxzabx Rgbzgxlzq! s`wdh vgrx af xng J`lzh

ò Iafarxgzr& [Lzxabdg :=


33/46


34/46


35/46

Rafnldl rnldd ldr` jg wrgh lr xng dlfcwlcg ò }wjdab zgb`zhr af lhiafarxzlxavg

havara`fr ò xng F`zxn lfh Glrx sngzgaf xng Rafnldl)r}glkafc }`}wdlxa`f g~bgghr

`fg)gacnxn ò xng }`}wdlxa`f ò xng zgr}gbxavg havara`f$ lfh$ Xliad rnldd ldr` jg l

dlfcwlcg ò zgb`zh af lhiafarxzlxavg havara`fr `wxrahg xng F`zxn)Glrx sngzgaf xng

Xliad)r}glkafc }`}wdlxa`f g~bgghr `fg)gacnxn ò xng }`}wdlxa`f ò xng zgr}gbxavg

havara`f&[Lzxabdg 27.2! i`haoaghY&

Rafnldl lfh Xliad$ lfh sngzg g~}ghagfx$ Gfcdarn$ rnldd jg wrgh o`z xng

ilafxgflfbg ò }wjdab zgb`zhr jq flxa`fld Iafarxzagr lfh xng Nglh @ooabgr ò ldd

flxa`fld }wjdab afrxaxwxa`fr$ azzgr}gbxavg ò xngaz d`blxa`fr&

L }gzr`f af lfq }lzx ò Rza Dlfkl rnldd jg gfxaxdgh x` bìiwfablxg lfh xzlfrlbx

jwrafgrr saxn lfq afrxaxwxa`f ò xng Rxlxg af lfq ò xng flxa`fld dlfcwlcgr lfh x`

zgbgavg zgr}`frg x` rwbn bìiwfablxa`f af xng rlig dlfcwlcg& [Lzxabdg 2?.

i`haoaghY&

L }gzr`f af lfq }lzx ò Rza Dlfkl rnldd jg gfxaxdgh x` cavg afo`zilxa`f zgclzhafcxng bìiarra`f ò lf òogfbg x` l }`dabg `z }glbg òoabgz af lfq ò xng flxa`fld

dlfcwlcgr& [Lzxabdg 2?.

L }gzr`f rnldd jg gfxaxdgh x` cavg afo`zilxa`f lr zgclzhr lfq jazxn$ hglxn `z

ilzzalcg af lfq ò xng flxa`fld dlfcwlcgr$ lfh x` zgbgavg xng `zacafld bgzxaoablxg ò

rwbn jazxn$ hglxn `z ilzzalcg af xng dlfcwlcg ò zgb`zh ò xng lzgl x`cgxngz saxn

l xzlfrdlxa`f xngzgò af lfq flxa`fld dlfcwlcg$ `z$ af xng òoabald dlfcwlcg ò xng}gzr`fr bnàbg ao j`xn òoabald dlfcwlcgr lzg dlfcwlcgr ò zgb`zh ò xng lzgl$

x`cgxngz saxn l xzlfrdlxa`f xngzgò af lfq flxa`fld dlfcwlcg&[Lzxabdg 2?.

i`haoaghY&


36/46

Sngzg l h`bwigfx ar g~gbwxgh jq lf òoabald o`z xng }wz}`rg ò jgafc arrwgh x` l

}gzr`f$ xnlx }gzr`f rnldd jg gfxaxdgh x` `jxlaf rwbn h`bwigfx af xng dlfcwlcg ò

zgb`zh ò xng lzgl$ `z xng òoabald dlfcwlcg ò xng }gzr`fr bnàbg ao j`xn òoabald

dlfcwlcgr lzg dlfcwlcgr ò zgb`zh ò xng lzgl$ x`cgxngz saxn l xzlfrdlxa`f xngzgò

af lfq flxa`fld dlfcwlcg& [Lzxabdg 2?.

L }gzr`f rnldd jg gfxaxdgh$ ao xng dls zgb`cfargr xng }gzr`fr zacnx x` afr}gbx `z x`

`jxlaf b`}agr ò `z g~xzlbxr ò lfq zgcarxgz$ zgb`zh$ }wjdablxa`f `z `xngz

h`bwigfx$ x` `jxlaf l b`}q ò$ `z lf g~xzlbx ozì$ rwbn zgcarxgz$ zgb`zh$

}wjdablxa`f `z `xngz h`bwigfx$ x`cgxngz saxn l xzlfrdlxa`f xngzgò af lf`xngz

flxa`fld dlfcwlcg& [Lzxabdg 2?.

Lfq afrxaxwxa`f ò xng Rxlxg snabn ilafxlafr axr zgb`zhr af Rafnldl rnldd jg gfxaxdgh

x` bìiwfablxg lfh x` zgbgavg bìiwfablxa`f ozì lfh x` bìiwfablxg lfh

xzlfrlbx jwrafgrr saxn lfq `xngz afrxaxwxa`f ò xng Rxlxg af Rafnldl$ ao xng dlxxgz

ilafxlafr axr zgb`zhr af Rafnldl `z j`xn af Rafnldl lfh Xliad& Xng rlig rnldd l}}dq$

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Xliad& [Lzxabdg 23.

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