Nigerian Journal of Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 3, December 2020 ISSN (print): 0794-4756, ISSN(online): 2705-3954. Nigerian Journal of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria journal homepage: www.njeabu.com.ng Experimental Study on the Use of Groundnut Shell Ash as Mineral Filler in Hot Mix Asphalt A. A. Shuaibu* 1 , H. S. Otuoze 2 , H. A. Ahmed 3 and B. Musa 4 1,2,3 Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 4 Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Research Article Abstract The Groundnut shell ash is generated from the incineration of groundnut shell which is an agricultural waste. In highway construction, efforts are made to utilize waste materials to improve the strength and durability properties of bituminous mixes rather than disposing in landfills or incinerating them. These efforts are carried out with the view to manage waste, reduce the asphalt production cost, and reduce the detrimental environmental effects associated with the production of cement. This study utilizes Groundnut shell ash (GSA) as a partial replacement of cement in hot mix asphalt (HMA) production. The Physical properties of asphalt concrete constituent materials were tested in accordance with the standard specifications and found to satisfy code requirements. The x-ray fluorescence conducted on the GSA show that it is a pozzolana of class C. Several trial mixtures with bitumen content of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 % as specified by Overseas Road Note 19 and Federal Ministry of Works and Housing were produced to obtain optimum bitumen content (OBC) of 5.5 %. GSA replacement of cement was investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % using the Marshall mix method. From the Marshall Stability-Flow test analysis, the sample prepared with 6 % GSA replacement at 5.5 % bitumen content satisfy the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing specification requirements for use in wearing course of heavily trafficked roads. Copyright © Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Keywords Article History Groundnut Shell Ash, Hot Mix Asphalt, Optimum Binder Content, Marshall Stability, Bitumen. Received: – June, 2020 Reviewed: – November, 2020 Accepted: – November, 2020 Published: – December, 2020 1. Introduction The growing concern of resource depletion and global pollution has encouraged many researchers and engineers to search for alternative hydraulic/pozzolanic materials with a view to investigating their usefulness as a construction material (Nwaobakata, and Agunwamba, 2014). Portland cement is one of the major construction materials worldwide. Unfortunately, the production of Portland cement releases large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, which contribute to global warming with a resultant environmental concern (Myadaraboina et al., 2014). These environmental problems will most likely be increased due to exponential demand for Portland cement. It was reported that by the year 2050, cement demand is expected to reach 6000 million tons/year which is a rise of 200% from the year 2010 (Castaldelli et al., 2013), thus, limitations on the CO2 emissions are necessary. Ashes from agricultural wastes, such as bagasse ash, corn cob ash, groundnut shell ash, palm kernel shell ash, etc. have been used as supplementary cement replacement materials (Srinivasan and Sathiya, 2010), because of their pozzolanic properties. In asphalt production, these materials are used as mineral fillers in void spaces between aggregates, thereby, facilitating the densification of aggregates, as well as help determine the optimum bitumen content (OBC) of the mixture (Murana et al., 2014). Groundnut shell is a common agricultural waste, mostly found in developing countries. Though their potential uses have been investigated as the replacement for cement in mortar and concrete production as well as fine aggregate, their potential in road construction has, however, not been fully explored. Literature search has revealed GSA as a good pozzolana which reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) that improve concrete strength. The secondary C-S-H gel fills up the void between cement and aggregate, resulting in a stronger bond between the paste and aggregate (Padmavathi and Preethika, 2016; Tambichik et al., 2018). The utilization of Ground-nut shell/ashes will promote waste management, reduce pollution and increase the economic base of the farmer when such waste is sold, thereby, encouraging more production (Sada et al., 2013). Ogork and Uche (2013), investigated the effect of groundnut shell ash (GSA) on cement paste and mortar at replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %, respectively by weight of cement and observed that flexural and compressive strengths of mortar decreased with increase in GSA content. 10 % GHA replacement was found as optimum for structural mortar. Sada et al., (2013), investigated the use of milled groundnut shell as fine aggregate replacement in concrete. Milled groundnuts shell was used to replace fine aggregates at 0, 5, 15, 25, 50 and 75 % replacement levels. At 25 % percentage replacement and above, the compressive strength of concrete reduced. The authors recommended the use of milled groundnut shell as fine aggregate in lightweight concrete where stress levels are sufficiently low. Padmavathi and Preethika (2016), conducted an experimental study on GSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete with the addition of sisal fibre as reinforcement. The percent replacement of Portland cement 61
Experimental Study on the Use of Groundnut Shell Ash as Mineral Filler in Hot Mix Asphalt
Apr 27, 2023
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