Experimental study of Biodiesel combustion characteristics By: Eng. Marwan A. Khalil "El Swaisy" Under supervision of: Prof. Dr. T. M. Farag Dr. A. A. Hanafy Dr. M. N Anany 1 Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime transport Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Experimental Study of Biodiesel Combustion Characteristics
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Experimental study of Biodiesel
combustion characteristicsBy: Eng. Marwan A. Khalil "El Swaisy"
Under supervision of:
Prof. Dr. T. M. Farag
Dr. A. A. Hanafy
Dr. M. N Anany
1
Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and
Maritime transportDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
Contents1. Introduction
2. Motivation and objectives of study
3. Experimental test rig
4. Experimental procedure
5. Results
6. Conclusions
7. Recommendations
2
Introduction
Background
• Combustion the process
• Importance of combustion
3
Introduction
Combustion Modes
• Combustion is either intermittent as in ICE's or
Continuous like in gas turbines and burners
4
IntroductionContinuous combustion
Continuous combustion features two main types of flames:
1. Premixed flames 2. Diffusion flames
5
Reactants are mixed before entering reaction zone fuel diffuses into the combustion zone
Introduction
• Diffusion flames are the focus of this study due to its
industrial importance
6
Introduction
• Diffusion flames operate optimally when burning
with high air fuel ratios for the following reasons:
1. Ensure a complete combustion process.
2. Reduced environmental impact due to the lower
thermal NOx emitted.
• High air fuel ratios can result in flame instabilities
and blow off.
7
Introduction Flame stabilization
Bluff bodies Swirlers
8
Two common methods used for flame stabilization
Introduction
Fuels for combustion
Fossil Fuel Biofuels
Introduction Fossil fuel dilemma
• Global warming
• Health concerns due to pollutants
• Limited reserves
(Natural gas and liquid petroleum fuels together will last no longer
than 64 years.)
10
Introduction
• Middle East dependency on liquid fuels
Curtsey of BBC news
Biodiesel
• Rudolf diesel
• Trans-esterification
• 1973 oil embargo
12
Introduction
Why biodiesel ?
• Renewable
• Environmental friendly
• Liquid
13
Introduction
Biodiesel blends
Researches concerned with neat Biodiesel have reported major
differences in performance Which, require engine modifications.
Volumetric blends with diesel fuel were suggested to introduce
Biodiesel as commercially ready alternative
14
Introduction
Previous studies with regards to biodiesel
• Biodiesel blends with diesel are now available in gas
stations around the world mainly for use with diesel
engines
15
Introduction
Biodiesel blends in CI engines
• Comparable thermal efficiency in CI engines
• Very good lubricating effect
• CO2 neutral
• Lower SOx
• Higher specific fuel consumption
• Slightly higher NOx
16
In comparison with
commercial Diesel fuel
Introduction
Biodiesel in Continuous Combustion applications
• Lower atomization quality
• Reaction zone of less luminosity
• Palm methyl esters were reported to produce lower soot and NOx
per unit energy compared to Diesel and Jet A1.
• Comparable visual flame length.
17
In comparison with
commercial Diesel fuel
Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Motivation and objectives of study
3. Experimental test rig
4. Experimental procedure
5. Results
6. Conclusions
7. Recommendations
18
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Motivation and objectives of
study
• Contribute towards environment
• Production of Biodiesel in AASTMT labs from waste
vegetable oils
• Testing of the Biodiesel product
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Objectives of study
• provide a comparative evaluation of the continuous
combustion of Biodiesel blends B20 and B50
against that of Diesel under different operating
conditions. The experimental work divides into two
section:
1. Cold test "Investigating atomization quality"
2. Combustion section "Investigating Flame
characteristics"
20
Evaluate the atomization quality of:
B20, B50, and commercial Diesel
With reference to the spray cone angle
21
Cold test section
Image courtesy of Hago nozzles
Objectives of study
Combustion section investigates:
Flame structure, visual flame length, and mean combustion temperature.
Of
B20, B50, and commercial Diesel
Operating on
A/F= 20 and A/F= 30
Stabilized by swirlers of swirl numbers:
S= 0.5, S=0.87, and S= 1.5
22
Image courtesy of Babcock and Wilcox
Objectives of study
1. Introduction
2. Motivation and Objectives of study
3. Experimental test rig
4. Experimental procedure
5. Results
6. Conclusions
7. Recommendations
23
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1- Air blower. 2- Control valve. 3- Air duct. 4- U-tube Manometer. 5- Orifice disc. 6- Fuel tank. 7- Tank valve. 8- Oil filter. 9-