International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019 700 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Abstract: Due to increased construction practices there was a very high demand in consumption of raw materials that are to be used in concrete. In the raw materials, sand is one of the major construction materials that is consumed adequately. It’s presence will be vanished due to excessive digging .The effect will be to the nearby localities .As well the stability hydraulic structures nearby river banks will be affected with this. To reduce digging practices the fine aggregate was partially replaced with waste crushed glass in 0%,10%,20%,30% andv40% along with 0.25%Super plasticizer SP 430 to achieve workability. The crushed glass is non-biodegradable and cannot be disposed off, also causes several environmental effects. By utilizing this waste as a useful material in the form as replacing material of fine aggregate we can reduce the waste content and in the same way it can be used as a resource. In order to check the concrete strength and durability tests like Compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test, Flexural strength test for 7,14,28 days curing and acid attack test, rapid chloride permeability test, Abrasion tests were conducted. SEM tests are also conducted on concrete with replaced fine aggregate. The current research work describes the proper utilization of waste crushed glass as a useful construction material. Keywords: fine aggregate, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength. I. INTRODUCTION The use of crushed waste glass in fine aggregate has attracted a lot of interest worldwide due to the depletion of natural resources and increased disposal costs. When concrete replaced with the waste toughens glass, it has observed that the crack width goes on increasing after 25% replacement [2] The waste crushed glass using in concrete gives best replacement for river sand. By following this the amount of use of natural sand in concrete can be reduced. Manuscript published on November 30, 2019. * Correspondence Author G.Lalitha*, Research Scholar JNTU College Of Engineering Ananthapuram [email protected] C.Sashidhar, Professor In Civil Engineering Dept. JNTU College Of Engineering Ananthapuram. [email protected] C.Ramachandrudu, Professor In Civil Engineering Dept Chiranjeevi Reddy Institute Of Engineering And Technology. [email protected] © The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) The ground glass was used as a partial replacement for both the cement and fine aggregate found that SCC with satisfactory fresh properties can be produced by incorporating up to104 kg/m ground glass, replacing about10%cement and 10% sand, without the need for VMA [3]. It reduces the total cost of Concrete with 10–20% glass replacing the cement exhibited a high resistance to chloride ion penetration making such concrete ideal for structures close to the shore. The authors have concluded that crushed waste glass has potential use as an aggregate in construction materials [4]. The usage of river sand in concrete leads to consumption of natural resources, lowers the water table, Hydraulic structures will settle down and erosion of the river bed. If fine aggregate is replaced by waste glass by specific percentage and in specific size range, it will reduce fine aggregate content and thereby reducing the effects of river dredging and thus making concrete manufacturing industry sustainable. In my present investigation the glass preferred was carefully made into tiny pieces as a fine aggregate replacement. The composition of the glass consists of silica (SiO2 ), calcium oxide (CaO), and sodium oxide (Na2O) . The main contribution of the glass powder in concrete is increasing the density of concrete there by reduction in the pore system and generating higher durability properties. The utilization of glass powder in concrete increases the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and Elastic Modulus). These mechanical characteristics are improving with time due to the pozzolanic activity of the glass powder [5]. II. MATERIALS 2.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was used .One of the major role of cement is it has a great ability to hold the particles Used For Preparing concrete together. Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate Replaced with Waste Crushed Glass. G.Lalitha, C.Sashidhar, C.Ramachandrudu
Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate Replaced with Waste Crushed Glass
Apr 07, 2023
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International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)700
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
Abstract: Due to increased construction practices there was a
very high demand in consumption of raw materials that are to be used in concrete. In the raw materials, sand is one of the major construction materials that is consumed adequately. It’s presence will be vanished due to excessive digging .The effect will be to the nearby localities .As well the stability hydraulic structures nearby river banks will be affected with this. To reduce digging practices the fine aggregate was partially replaced with waste crushed glass in 0%,10%,20%,30% andv40% along with 0.25%Super plasticizer SP 430 to achieve workability. The crushed glass is non-biodegradable and cannot be disposed off, also causes several environmental effects. By utilizing this waste as a useful material in the form as replacing material of fine aggregate we can reduce the waste content and in the same way it can be used as a resource. In order to check the concrete strength and durability tests like Compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test, Flexural strength test for 7,14,28 days curing and acid attack test, rapid chloride permeability test, Abrasion tests were conducted. SEM tests are also conducted on concrete with replaced fine aggregate. The current research work describes the proper utilization of waste crushed glass as a useful construction material.
Keywords: fine aggregate, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
The use of crushed waste glass in fine aggregate has attracted a lot of interest worldwide due to the depletion of natural resources and increased disposal costs. When concrete replaced with the waste toughens glass, it has observed that the crack width goes on increasing after 25% replacement [2] The waste crushed glass using in concrete gives best replacement for river sand. By following this the amount of use of natural sand in concrete can be reduced. Manuscript published on November 30, 2019. * Correspondence Author
G.Lalitha*, Research Scholar JNTU College Of Engineering Ananthapuram [email protected]
C.Sashidhar, Professor In Civil Engineering Dept. JNTU College Of Engineering Ananthapuram. [email protected]
C.Ramachandrudu, Professor In Civil Engineering Dept Chiranjeevi Reddy Institute Of Engineering And Technology. [email protected]
© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
The ground glass was used as a partial replacement for both the cement and fine aggregate found that SCC with satisfactory fresh properties can be produced by incorporating up to104 kg/m ground glass, replacing about10%cement and 10% sand, without the need for VMA [3]. It reduces the total cost of Concrete with 10–20% glass replacing the cement exhibited a high resistance to chloride ion penetration making such concrete ideal for structures close to the shore. The authors have concluded that crushed waste glass has potential use as an aggregate in construction materials [4]. The usage of river sand in concrete leads to consumption of natural resources, lowers the water table, Hydraulic structures will settle down and erosion of the river bed. If fine aggregate is replaced by waste glass by specific percentage and in specific size range, it will reduce fine aggregate content and thereby reducing the effects of river dredging and thus making concrete manufacturing industry sustainable. In my present investigation the glass preferred was carefully made into tiny pieces as a fine aggregate replacement. The composition of the glass consists of silica (SiO2 ), calcium oxide (CaO), and sodium oxide (Na2O) . The main contribution of the glass powder in concrete is increasing the density of concrete there by reduction in the pore system and generating higher durability properties. The utilization of glass powder in concrete increases the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and Elastic Modulus). These mechanical characteristics are improving with time due to the pozzolanic activity of the glass powder [5].
II. MATERIALS
2.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was
used .One of the major role of cement is it has a great
ability to hold the particles Used For Preparing concrete
together.
Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate
Replaced with Waste Crushed Glass.
G.Lalitha, C.Sashidhar, C.Ramachandrudu
Waste Crushed Glass.
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
Fig: 1 Cement sample
No
4.75mm size which can easily passed through 4.75mm
sieve are termed as finely graded aggregates . Code for fine
aggregate is IS 2386 Part-II Fine aggregate of (River sand
of Zone II) with specific gravity 2.6 was used for concrete
mix.
Fig: 2 Fine aggregate
2.3 Waste Crushed Glass: The waste glass used is procured from glass manufacturing company Hyderabad. The Collected and crushed waste glass is used partially in the place of fine aggregate and of fineness modulus of crushed glass was found to be 2.64. The glass is very hard material and has been mixed with fine aggregate in different proportions.
Fig: 3 Waste Crushed Glass
2.4 Coarse aggregate: The coarse aggregate integrate sand
and limit the size and shape that influence the amount
requirement of cement and also reduce the occurrence of
shrinkage. The coarse aggregate utilized In my research
work is of size 10 mm and specific gravity of 2.7.
Fig:4: Coarse aggregate
formation. Addition of water to the concrete mix forms a
chemical reaction when it comes in contact with cement.
Potable water has been used for concrete mix.
2.6 Super plasticizer: Are high ranged water reducers
avoids segregation reduces water ratio which improves
strength and mainly increases workability. In this research
work super plasticizer SP430 was used.
Fig:5: Super plasticizer
3 Experimental Investigation: Five Mix proportions were prepared as per ACI method. The concrete grade used in this research was M60.with W/C 0.35.The controlled mix was came out as 1:1.05:1.8 Five specimens for each one time testing were in compression, split tensile test and flexural test were prepared. SEM analysis was done on concrete after 28 days curing
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
702
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
Table3: Mixes for different replacements of fine aggregate by crushed waste glass
4 Workability test : Slump cone test was done to find the workability performance of the mixes . The amount of slump increased with increase of glass content up to 30% and super plasticizer of 1.5% content and maximum of 155 mm slump was observed. The reference mix has very low slump compared to concrete with Waste crushed in different percentages. The amount of slump of 105 mm was observed for reference mix.
Table 4: Samples and Tests
S.N
o
1 Slump BS1881.Pa
1 MC0 105
2 MC10 130 4 MC20 148 5 MC30 155 6 MC40 149
Fig: 5 Slump test
Graph: 1 Slump vs. Mix
5 Casting and Testing: To avoid sticking of concrete to moulds on the interior surface of moulds grease was applied. For compression testing cube specimens of Size 150x150x150 mm, for flexure test prism of 100x100x500 mm for sp l i t tens i le tes t cylinders of 150mmx300mm were used. As per the guide lines of BS 1881:1952 Casting and curing was done. After filling the moulds With Prepared concrete mix was placed in 3 layers compacted with tamping rod giving 35 blows for each layer. Again the moulds were kept on the vibrating machine and vibrated for 3 minutes. The slump values reduced as crushed waste glass percentage increases and optimum at 30% was observed.
Fig: 6 Moulds with specimens 5 Casting and Testing: To avoid sticking of concrete to moulds on the interior surface of moulds grease was applied. For compression testing cube specimens of Size 150x150x150 mm, for flexure test prism of 100x100x500 mm for sp l i t tens i le tes t cylinders of 150mmx300mm were used. As per the guide lines of BS 1881:1952 Casting and curing was done. After filling the moulds With Prepared concrete mix was placed in 3 layers compacted with tamping rod giving 35 blows for each layer. Again the moulds were kept on the vibrating machine and vibrated for 3 minutes. The slump values reduced as crushed waste glass percentage increases . And optimum at 30% was observed.
Fig: 6 Moulds with specimens
Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate Replaced with
Waste Crushed Glass.
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
6 Curing of concrete : Curing of specimens were done in domestic water in a water tank.
Fig: 7 Specimens in curing tank
7 Compressive Strength Test: After curing period the specimens were taken out from curing tank .The specimens were tested under compression testing machine of capacity of 3000KN. The compressive strength was found for 150x150x150 cube specimens testing under Compression testing machine and the results were tabulated as below. Formula for Compressive strength = Load /(Area(P/A)
Fig: 8 Specimens in compression test
Table 6: Compressive strength Values:
SI.NO Type of Mix Compressive strength (Mpa)
7 Days 14Days 28Days 1 Nominal
mix 47.68 52.8 68.06
2 MC10 50.25 63.8 72.25 3 MC20 51.90 68.25 74.31 4 MC30 52.38 57.77 74.48 5 MC40 49.8 54.66 69.82
Graph:2: Compressive strength vs. Mix
Split tensile strength test: Splitting tensile strength test
on concrete cylinder is one method for determining the
tensile strength of concrete. The bearing strips were placed
between the specimen and both the upper and lower
bearing blocks of the testing machine. Application of load
is done until the concrete crack is visible The maximum
load is noted and calculated as per the Indian code .
Cylindrical specimen of 100 mm × 300 was used for split tensile strength. Formula: f = 2P/ (π x D x L) Where f = Split tensile strength P = Load at which specimen failed D = Diameter of specimen L = Length of specimen.
Fig: 9 Specimens in splitting tensile test
Table 7: Split tensile strength Values [1] SI. NO
[2] Type of Mix
mix 2.80 3.00 4.20
2 MC10 3.25 4.00 5.58 3 MC20 4.21 5.00 5.95 4 MC30 4.50 6.30 6.52 5 MC40 4.40 6.25 6.30
0 2 4 6 8
N o
m in
al m
Split tensile strength strength (Mpa) 14Days
Split tensile strength strength (Mpa) 28Days
Graph:3: Split tensile strength vs. Mix Flexural strength test: The ability of concrete beam to withstand failure in bending is termed as flexural strength .This can be done by using Flexural strength test machine. The test is done after 28 days of curing of concrete beam. The markings must be given on the concrete specimen with specified distance as per the code. And must be properly placed under the roller supports. Load must be applied gradually without any shocks. The maximum load at which the failure of beam observed is taken as flexural load.
Fig: 10 Specimens in Flexure test
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
704
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
[4] Table 8: Flexural strength Values SI.N O Type of Mix Flexural strength(Mpa)
7 Days 14Days 28 Days 1 Nominal 4.2 5.8 6.0 2 MC10 6.5 7.1 7.8 3 MC20 7.3 8.1 8.5 4 MC30 8.3 8.45 8.80 5 MC40 6.8 7.30 7.7
Graph:4:Flexural strength vs. mix
(SEM) (1)
Sem Analysis: The scanning electron microscope (SEM)test will give the surface topography of concrete The below figure shows glass particles in the form of fine aggregate distributed in concrete mix after 28 days of curing for 30% replacement in magnifying .The microstructure for all the mixes were studied and the reason behind the strength properties were analyzed and explained .
III. CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS: The following conclusions were drawn after testing the specimens The workability of concrete was increased up to 30%
replacement of fine aggregate with crushed glass .There after the workability gets reduced with beyond 30% replacement.
The maximum compressive strength was observed at 30% fine aggregate replacement .The strength increment was observed about 9.43%.
The splitting tensile strength was increased maximum by.4% at 30%aggregate replacement.
Flexural strength was increased by around 33% at 30% of sand replacement.
The SEM analysis shows the particle distribution
REFERENCES
1. M.S.Kuttimarks “ Experimental Studies on Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Glass and Fly Ash” International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2014, PP 205-208
2. Jadhav G S “partial replacement of waste toughen glass as fine aggregate in concrete International journal of informative and futuristic research ISSN-2347-1697 VOLUME 3issue9 May2016.
3. Miao Liu “Incorporating ground glass in self-compacting concrete “Construction and Building Materials 25 (2011) 919–925
4. Josmar Cassar, Josette Camilleri” Utilisation of imploded glass in structural concrete “Construction and Building Materials 29 (2012) 299–307
5. Ahmed F. Omran” Long-term performance of glass-powder concrete in large-scale fieldapplications” Construction and Building Materials 135 (2017) 43–58
6. Kamal Ranout “Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Waste Glass in Concrete With Respect To Conventional Concrete with Alccofine” Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 11(31), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i31/130501, August 2018 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645
7. IS CODE 456 8. IS 10262 9. ACI CODE 10. Congerte technology by M.S SETTY 11. Microstructure ,Properties and Materials by P.Kumar Mehta Paulo
J.M.Monterio
AUTHORS PROFILE
G.Lalitha, Ph.D Scholar doing research on concrete materials in JNTU college of Engineering Anantapuramu.Working as Assistant professor in VNRVJIET Hyderabad. Published 12 papers in International Journals out of 5 are Scopus journals. Life member of ISTE ,member of IRED,IAENG ,Research gate
Dr. C.Sashidhar, is in faculty of Civil Engineering, since 1999, in Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, and he has worked in its constituent college, viz., JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur. Presently, he is Director ICS, JNT University Ananatapur. He has 34 research publications in International Journals and 5 National Journals, in addition, 19 publications in International conference proceedings and 12 in National Conference proceedings. He has successfully supervised 12 Ph.D. theses. Presently, 8 research scholars are working under his supervision Dr.c Ramachandrudu, presently working as professor in Civil engineering department Chiranjeevi Reddy Institute Engineering and Technology Ananthapuram.
Waste crushed glass cement paste
Natural sand sand
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
Abstract: Due to increased construction practices there was a
very high demand in consumption of raw materials that are to be used in concrete. In the raw materials, sand is one of the major construction materials that is consumed adequately. It’s presence will be vanished due to excessive digging .The effect will be to the nearby localities .As well the stability hydraulic structures nearby river banks will be affected with this. To reduce digging practices the fine aggregate was partially replaced with waste crushed glass in 0%,10%,20%,30% andv40% along with 0.25%Super plasticizer SP 430 to achieve workability. The crushed glass is non-biodegradable and cannot be disposed off, also causes several environmental effects. By utilizing this waste as a useful material in the form as replacing material of fine aggregate we can reduce the waste content and in the same way it can be used as a resource. In order to check the concrete strength and durability tests like Compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test, Flexural strength test for 7,14,28 days curing and acid attack test, rapid chloride permeability test, Abrasion tests were conducted. SEM tests are also conducted on concrete with replaced fine aggregate. The current research work describes the proper utilization of waste crushed glass as a useful construction material.
Keywords: fine aggregate, compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
The use of crushed waste glass in fine aggregate has attracted a lot of interest worldwide due to the depletion of natural resources and increased disposal costs. When concrete replaced with the waste toughens glass, it has observed that the crack width goes on increasing after 25% replacement [2] The waste crushed glass using in concrete gives best replacement for river sand. By following this the amount of use of natural sand in concrete can be reduced. Manuscript published on November 30, 2019. * Correspondence Author
G.Lalitha*, Research Scholar JNTU College Of Engineering Ananthapuram [email protected]
C.Sashidhar, Professor In Civil Engineering Dept. JNTU College Of Engineering Ananthapuram. [email protected]
C.Ramachandrudu, Professor In Civil Engineering Dept Chiranjeevi Reddy Institute Of Engineering And Technology. [email protected]
© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
The ground glass was used as a partial replacement for both the cement and fine aggregate found that SCC with satisfactory fresh properties can be produced by incorporating up to104 kg/m ground glass, replacing about10%cement and 10% sand, without the need for VMA [3]. It reduces the total cost of Concrete with 10–20% glass replacing the cement exhibited a high resistance to chloride ion penetration making such concrete ideal for structures close to the shore. The authors have concluded that crushed waste glass has potential use as an aggregate in construction materials [4]. The usage of river sand in concrete leads to consumption of natural resources, lowers the water table, Hydraulic structures will settle down and erosion of the river bed. If fine aggregate is replaced by waste glass by specific percentage and in specific size range, it will reduce fine aggregate content and thereby reducing the effects of river dredging and thus making concrete manufacturing industry sustainable. In my present investigation the glass preferred was carefully made into tiny pieces as a fine aggregate replacement. The composition of the glass consists of silica (SiO2 ), calcium oxide (CaO), and sodium oxide (Na2O) . The main contribution of the glass powder in concrete is increasing the density of concrete there by reduction in the pore system and generating higher durability properties. The utilization of glass powder in concrete increases the mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and Elastic Modulus). These mechanical characteristics are improving with time due to the pozzolanic activity of the glass powder [5].
II. MATERIALS
2.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade was
used .One of the major role of cement is it has a great
ability to hold the particles Used For Preparing concrete
together.
Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate
Replaced with Waste Crushed Glass.
G.Lalitha, C.Sashidhar, C.Ramachandrudu
Waste Crushed Glass.
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
Fig: 1 Cement sample
No
4.75mm size which can easily passed through 4.75mm
sieve are termed as finely graded aggregates . Code for fine
aggregate is IS 2386 Part-II Fine aggregate of (River sand
of Zone II) with specific gravity 2.6 was used for concrete
mix.
Fig: 2 Fine aggregate
2.3 Waste Crushed Glass: The waste glass used is procured from glass manufacturing company Hyderabad. The Collected and crushed waste glass is used partially in the place of fine aggregate and of fineness modulus of crushed glass was found to be 2.64. The glass is very hard material and has been mixed with fine aggregate in different proportions.
Fig: 3 Waste Crushed Glass
2.4 Coarse aggregate: The coarse aggregate integrate sand
and limit the size and shape that influence the amount
requirement of cement and also reduce the occurrence of
shrinkage. The coarse aggregate utilized In my research
work is of size 10 mm and specific gravity of 2.7.
Fig:4: Coarse aggregate
formation. Addition of water to the concrete mix forms a
chemical reaction when it comes in contact with cement.
Potable water has been used for concrete mix.
2.6 Super plasticizer: Are high ranged water reducers
avoids segregation reduces water ratio which improves
strength and mainly increases workability. In this research
work super plasticizer SP430 was used.
Fig:5: Super plasticizer
3 Experimental Investigation: Five Mix proportions were prepared as per ACI method. The concrete grade used in this research was M60.with W/C 0.35.The controlled mix was came out as 1:1.05:1.8 Five specimens for each one time testing were in compression, split tensile test and flexural test were prepared. SEM analysis was done on concrete after 28 days curing
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
702
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
Table3: Mixes for different replacements of fine aggregate by crushed waste glass
4 Workability test : Slump cone test was done to find the workability performance of the mixes . The amount of slump increased with increase of glass content up to 30% and super plasticizer of 1.5% content and maximum of 155 mm slump was observed. The reference mix has very low slump compared to concrete with Waste crushed in different percentages. The amount of slump of 105 mm was observed for reference mix.
Table 4: Samples and Tests
S.N
o
1 Slump BS1881.Pa
1 MC0 105
2 MC10 130 4 MC20 148 5 MC30 155 6 MC40 149
Fig: 5 Slump test
Graph: 1 Slump vs. Mix
5 Casting and Testing: To avoid sticking of concrete to moulds on the interior surface of moulds grease was applied. For compression testing cube specimens of Size 150x150x150 mm, for flexure test prism of 100x100x500 mm for sp l i t tens i le tes t cylinders of 150mmx300mm were used. As per the guide lines of BS 1881:1952 Casting and curing was done. After filling the moulds With Prepared concrete mix was placed in 3 layers compacted with tamping rod giving 35 blows for each layer. Again the moulds were kept on the vibrating machine and vibrated for 3 minutes. The slump values reduced as crushed waste glass percentage increases and optimum at 30% was observed.
Fig: 6 Moulds with specimens 5 Casting and Testing: To avoid sticking of concrete to moulds on the interior surface of moulds grease was applied. For compression testing cube specimens of Size 150x150x150 mm, for flexure test prism of 100x100x500 mm for sp l i t tens i le tes t cylinders of 150mmx300mm were used. As per the guide lines of BS 1881:1952 Casting and curing was done. After filling the moulds With Prepared concrete mix was placed in 3 layers compacted with tamping rod giving 35 blows for each layer. Again the moulds were kept on the vibrating machine and vibrated for 3 minutes. The slump values reduced as crushed waste glass percentage increases . And optimum at 30% was observed.
Fig: 6 Moulds with specimens
Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate Replaced with
Waste Crushed Glass.
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
6 Curing of concrete : Curing of specimens were done in domestic water in a water tank.
Fig: 7 Specimens in curing tank
7 Compressive Strength Test: After curing period the specimens were taken out from curing tank .The specimens were tested under compression testing machine of capacity of 3000KN. The compressive strength was found for 150x150x150 cube specimens testing under Compression testing machine and the results were tabulated as below. Formula for Compressive strength = Load /(Area(P/A)
Fig: 8 Specimens in compression test
Table 6: Compressive strength Values:
SI.NO Type of Mix Compressive strength (Mpa)
7 Days 14Days 28Days 1 Nominal
mix 47.68 52.8 68.06
2 MC10 50.25 63.8 72.25 3 MC20 51.90 68.25 74.31 4 MC30 52.38 57.77 74.48 5 MC40 49.8 54.66 69.82
Graph:2: Compressive strength vs. Mix
Split tensile strength test: Splitting tensile strength test
on concrete cylinder is one method for determining the
tensile strength of concrete. The bearing strips were placed
between the specimen and both the upper and lower
bearing blocks of the testing machine. Application of load
is done until the concrete crack is visible The maximum
load is noted and calculated as per the Indian code .
Cylindrical specimen of 100 mm × 300 was used for split tensile strength. Formula: f = 2P/ (π x D x L) Where f = Split tensile strength P = Load at which specimen failed D = Diameter of specimen L = Length of specimen.
Fig: 9 Specimens in splitting tensile test
Table 7: Split tensile strength Values [1] SI. NO
[2] Type of Mix
mix 2.80 3.00 4.20
2 MC10 3.25 4.00 5.58 3 MC20 4.21 5.00 5.95 4 MC30 4.50 6.30 6.52 5 MC40 4.40 6.25 6.30
0 2 4 6 8
N o
m in
al m
Split tensile strength strength (Mpa) 14Days
Split tensile strength strength (Mpa) 28Days
Graph:3: Split tensile strength vs. Mix Flexural strength test: The ability of concrete beam to withstand failure in bending is termed as flexural strength .This can be done by using Flexural strength test machine. The test is done after 28 days of curing of concrete beam. The markings must be given on the concrete specimen with specified distance as per the code. And must be properly placed under the roller supports. Load must be applied gradually without any shocks. The maximum load at which the failure of beam observed is taken as flexural load.
Fig: 10 Specimens in Flexure test
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
704
Retrieval Number: C6705098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C6705.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
[4] Table 8: Flexural strength Values SI.N O Type of Mix Flexural strength(Mpa)
7 Days 14Days 28 Days 1 Nominal 4.2 5.8 6.0 2 MC10 6.5 7.1 7.8 3 MC20 7.3 8.1 8.5 4 MC30 8.3 8.45 8.80 5 MC40 6.8 7.30 7.7
Graph:4:Flexural strength vs. mix
(SEM) (1)
Sem Analysis: The scanning electron microscope (SEM)test will give the surface topography of concrete The below figure shows glass particles in the form of fine aggregate distributed in concrete mix after 28 days of curing for 30% replacement in magnifying .The microstructure for all the mixes were studied and the reason behind the strength properties were analyzed and explained .
III. CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS: The following conclusions were drawn after testing the specimens The workability of concrete was increased up to 30%
replacement of fine aggregate with crushed glass .There after the workability gets reduced with beyond 30% replacement.
The maximum compressive strength was observed at 30% fine aggregate replacement .The strength increment was observed about 9.43%.
The splitting tensile strength was increased maximum by.4% at 30%aggregate replacement.
Flexural strength was increased by around 33% at 30% of sand replacement.
The SEM analysis shows the particle distribution
REFERENCES
1. M.S.Kuttimarks “ Experimental Studies on Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Glass and Fly Ash” International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2014, PP 205-208
2. Jadhav G S “partial replacement of waste toughen glass as fine aggregate in concrete International journal of informative and futuristic research ISSN-2347-1697 VOLUME 3issue9 May2016.
3. Miao Liu “Incorporating ground glass in self-compacting concrete “Construction and Building Materials 25 (2011) 919–925
4. Josmar Cassar, Josette Camilleri” Utilisation of imploded glass in structural concrete “Construction and Building Materials 29 (2012) 299–307
5. Ahmed F. Omran” Long-term performance of glass-powder concrete in large-scale fieldapplications” Construction and Building Materials 135 (2017) 43–58
6. Kamal Ranout “Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Waste Glass in Concrete With Respect To Conventional Concrete with Alccofine” Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 11(31), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i31/130501, August 2018 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645
7. IS CODE 456 8. IS 10262 9. ACI CODE 10. Congerte technology by M.S SETTY 11. Microstructure ,Properties and Materials by P.Kumar Mehta Paulo
J.M.Monterio
AUTHORS PROFILE
G.Lalitha, Ph.D Scholar doing research on concrete materials in JNTU college of Engineering Anantapuramu.Working as Assistant professor in VNRVJIET Hyderabad. Published 12 papers in International Journals out of 5 are Scopus journals. Life member of ISTE ,member of IRED,IAENG ,Research gate
Dr. C.Sashidhar, is in faculty of Civil Engineering, since 1999, in Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, and he has worked in its constituent college, viz., JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur. Presently, he is Director ICS, JNT University Ananatapur. He has 34 research publications in International Journals and 5 National Journals, in addition, 19 publications in International conference proceedings and 12 in National Conference proceedings. He has successfully supervised 12 Ph.D. theses. Presently, 8 research scholars are working under his supervision Dr.c Ramachandrudu, presently working as professor in Civil engineering department Chiranjeevi Reddy Institute Engineering and Technology Ananthapuram.
Waste crushed glass cement paste
Natural sand sand
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