BSTA-24 In-session Workshop on O2 Capture and Storage, onn 20 May 2006. xperiences from Demonstrations & Pilots: SLEIPNER and more ore A Torp, Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway
SBSTA-24 In-session Workshop onCO2 Capture and Storage,Bonn 20 May 2006.
Experiences from Demonstrations & Pilots: - SLEIPNER and more
Tore A Torp, Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway
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”Experiences and lessons learned from Demonstrations and Pilot projects – CO2 Storage
CONTENT:
•“Low Carbon Diet”
• Industrial Experiences with CO2
• Sleipner, In Salah, K12B, Ketzin, Snohvit and ???
• What will Authorities and Public demand?
• VISION and Way forward?
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Sleipner CO2-injeksjon:
- Besluttet i 1992- I drift siden 1996- 1 million tonn CO2/år
Time Magazine,17. Mai 2004
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Previous Experiences with CO2 & Injection
•Enhanced Oil Recovery (Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Brazil,Croatia)
•Natural gas cleaning
•Transport – Pipelines & Ships
•Natural gas re-injection
•Natural gas underground storage
and
• Beer & soft drinks, dry cleaning, food packaging – Every day life
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Yara CO2-tankers, 1500 m3 capacity
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The Sleipner field – CO2 Treatment and Injection
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The Utsira Formation
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CO2 Injection Well in "Utsira"
Sleipner A
Sleipner T
Utsir aFor mation
Heimdal Formation
Sleipner ØstProduction and Injection W ells
CO 2
CO 2 Injection W ell1000m
2000m
2500m
0
500m
1500m
1000m0 500m 1500m
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StatoilBPExxonMobilTotalFinaElfNorsk HydroVattenfall
BGSBRGMGEUS
IFPNITG-TNO
SINTEF
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D ProgrammeSchlumberger Research
NO, DK, NL, FR & UK Authorities
SALINE AQUIFER CO2 STORAGE PROJECT
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3D Seismic surveys at Sleipner
1999 20011996
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Simulated picture of the distribution of CO2 after three years.Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high.Ref: SINTEF Petroleum 2001
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SACS Project 1998-2002
WHAT WE DID ACHIEVE:
• 3D Seismic proven, Gravimetry tested • Reservoir simulation tools partly proven • Geology and Geochemistry of “Utsira” mapped• Reason to expect the CO2 to stay for thousands of years
DOCUMENTATION• “SACS Best Practice Manual, 1.version.”• Download from www.co2store.org, see page “SACS”.
Demonstration K12-B
Operator:Gaz de France PRODUCTION NEDERLAND B.V.
Injection of CO2
In a depleted gas field
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Snøhvit, the next field to implement CO2 storage
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Snøhvit – All subsea
160 kmDepth: 330 m
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Towards Large Scale Implementation? T
R
U
S
T
C
O
ST
Storage
Capture
OK!Transport - Pipeline - Ship
SACS CASTOR-S
CO2STORE
CO2SINK
CO2ReMoVe
DYNAMIS
ENCAP
CASTOR-C Hypogen Coal?
Hypogen Gas?
2006
CO2NET
GESTCO
CCP GraceCACHET
GeoCapacity Hypogen Storage?
DYNAMIS
NASCENT
ULCOS
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Demonstrations of CO2 storage
SLEIPNER SNØHVIT
WEYBURN
IN SALAH
GORGONK12BSource: IEA GHG
FRIO BRINE
KETZIN
Nagaoka
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Trapping and Leakage
Trapping Mechanisms
•Containment
•Micro-pore trapping
•Dissolution in water
•Mineral binding
Leakage ways?
•WELLS
•Faults/Cracks
•Underground mobility
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Environmental impacts
Main potential LOCAL impacts:
• Humans and animals – if concentrated
• Plants – if in root systems
• Soil
• Sea bottom – More R&D!
Natural analogues:
• Natural CO2 seeps (vulcanoes)
• Under sea vents
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What will the Authorities demand?
•Access rights and Licence
•Site characterisation and Plan
•Monitoring & Verification
•Reporting to UNFCC and ETS
•Remediation?
•Decommissioning and ”Hand shake”
•Monitoring until “stability”?
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What will the Public demand?
•Safe operation
•No leakage
•Monitoring & Verification in full openness
•Acceptance from UNFCC and ETS
•Long term stability
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Need two legs to walk !
Reduce capture COST:
•Technologies exists
•Another chemical factory
•Extra investment and
energy consumption
•Costs too high for industry
NEED NEW TECHNOLOGY
Build TRUST in storage:
•Is it staying there long enough?
•Experience and large scale demo
•Experience from EOR and storage
•Oil&gas methods and tools works
•Geology varies from site to site
MORE DEMO SITES
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Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB 2001
Schwarze Pumpe 2 x 900 MW Lignite fired Power Plant
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TJELDBERGODDEN- Statoil & Shell industrial realization
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K12B Gas Field (Gaz de France, The Netherlands)
Single well compartment
CO2 injector & gas producer
• Gasfield in Rotliengen clastics, offshore• Depth: 3500-4000 m• High temperature: 128 °C, low pressure: 40 bars• Small-scale injection test: 20 000 t/year
in mid-2004• 480 000 t/year in 2006, 8 Mt total
Amsterdam
K12-B