Experiment No: 1Title: Case study on Data Centers
ElementsObjective: To study the core elements of data
centersTheory:Introduction:A data center is a facility used to
house computer systems and associated components, such as
telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes
redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications
connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire
suppression) and various security devices. Large data centers are
industrial scale operations using as much electricity as a small
town.Requirements:Tier LevelRequirements
1 Single non-redundant distribution path serving the IT
equipment Non-redundant capacity components Basic site
infrastructure with expected availability of 99.671%
2 Meets or exceeds all Tier 1 requirements Redundant site
infrastructure capacity components with expected availability of
99.741%
3
Meets or exceeds all Tier 2 requirements Multiple independent
distribution paths serving the IT equipment All IT equipment must
be dual-powered and fully compatible with the topology of a site's
architecture Concurrently maintainable site infrastructure with
expected availability of 99.982%
4 Meets or exceeds all Tier 3 requirements All cooling equipment
is independently dual-powered, including chillers and heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems Fault-tolerant site
infrastructure with electrical power storage and distribution
facilities with expected availability of 99.995%
Core Elements: Applications Databases Database Management System
(DBMS) and the physical and logical storage of data
Servers/Operating systems Networks (LAN and SAN) Storage array
Architecture:
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID): This technology was
developed to address the performance and availability requirements
of data. It continues to evolve today and is used in all storage
architectures such as DAS, SAN, and so on. Direct-attached storage
(DAS): This type of storage connects directly to a server (host) or
a group of servers in a cluster. Storage can be either internal or
external to the server. External DAS alleviated the challenges of
limited internal storage capacity. Storage area network (SAN): This
is a dedicated, high-performance Fibre Channel (FC) network to
facilitate block-level communication between servers and storage.
Storage is partitioned and assigned to a server for accessing its
data. SAN offers scalability, availability, performance, and cost
benefits compared to DAS. Network-attached storage (NAS): This is
dedicated storage for file serving applications. Unlike a SAN, it
connects to an existing communication network (LAN) and provides
file access to heterogeneous clients. Because it is purposely built
for providing storage to file server applications, it offers higher
scalability, availability, performance, and cost benefits compared
to general purpose file servers. Internet Protocol SAN (IP-SAN):
One of the latest evolutions in storage architecture, IP-SAN is a
convergence of technologies used in SAN and NAS. IP-SAN provides
block-level communication across a local or wide area network (LAN
or WAN), resulting in greater consolidation and availability of
data.
Key Requirements for Data Center Elements:
Example:
Consider an order processing system consisting of: Application
for order entry. Database Management System (DBMS) to store
customer and product information. Server/Operating System on which
the Application and Database programs are run. Networks that
provide Connectivity between Clients and the Application/Database
Server Connectivity between the Server and the Storage system.
Storage Array. A storage array receives the read/write commands and
data from the server and performs the necessary operations to store
the data on the physical disks.Problem Definition:A hospital uses
an application that stores patient x-ray data in the form of large
binary objects in an oracle database. The application is hosted on
a UNIX server and the hospital staffs accesses the x-ray records
through a gigabit Ethernet backbone. Storage array provides storage
to UNIX server, which has 6 terabyte of usable capacity.Questions:
1.Explain the core elements of data centre.2.What are the typical
challenges the storage management team may face in meeting service
level demands of the hospital staff.3.Describe how the value of
this patient data might change over time.Result:Ans1: The core
elements of the data center are A-Application-Here the hospital
uses an application that stores patient x-ray data in the form of
large binary objects in an oracle database B-Database-Oracle
database is used here. An Oracle database is a collection of data
treated as a unit.C- Servers/Operating systems-UNIX server- Unix
(all-caps UNIX for the trademark) is a family of multitasking,
multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original
AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research
center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
D-Networks (LAN and SAN)-Ethernet Network- Ethernet is the most
widely-installed local area network ( LAN) technology. Specified in
a standard, IEEE 802.3, Ethernet was originally developed by Xerox
from an earlier specification called Alohanet (for the Palo Alto
Research Center Aloha network) and then developed further by Xerox,
DEC, and Intel.
E-Storage array-it has a 6 terrabyte of storage capacity
Ans2: The typical challenges faced by the storage management
team are 1. Information about patient x-ray data is important for
patients recovery so managing such information is necessary.2.
Updation of new technology in the present application.3. Strategic
use of x-ray data and providing the correct output.4. Management of
Data Security is major issue.5. Capacity of handling more data is
major challenge.6. Integrity of data should be maintainted.Ans3:The
patient data changes over time in a following manners-A. Suppose a
doctor takes an xray of a patient then after the treatment of that
patient that xray is useless for the doctor because it is not
necessary that everytime the patient will be diagnosed for the same
location.B. Suppose the patient is diagnosed with malaria in the
month of january and after treatment he is perfectly okay then
again he is diagnosed with the same disease in the 6th month of the
yearr so the medicines the doctor prescribbed to him wont be the
same both the time he was diagnosed with malaria.
Conclusion-Here we studied the 5 core elements of the data
structure infrastructure