EXHAUSTO - Presentation. Sub Title The First Fan - 1957 The first chimney fan - a first worldwide and the foundation of EXHAUSTOs existence.

EXHAUSTO: Venting DesignEXHAUSTO: Venting Design

Appliance CategoriesAppliance Categories

ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures

Common Code Violations Common Code Violations

Chimney Automation Systems Chimney Automation Systems

Combustion Air SupplyCombustion Air Supply

Boiler Room SimulatorBoiler Room Simulator

Overdraft Damper SystemOverdraft Damper System

Dryer VentingDryer Venting


ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures ASHRAE Equation & Chimney Pressures

Common Code Violations Common Code Violations

Chimney Automation Systems Chimney Automation Systems

Combustion Air SupplyCombustion Air Supply

Boiler Room SimulatorBoiler Room Simulator

Overdraft Damper SystemOverdraft Damper System

Dryer VentingDryer Venting

Sub Title

• ANSI Venting Categorization


Sub Title

Appliance CategorizationAppliance Categorization

IV

III

II

I

Atmospheric

Fan Assisted (high efficiency)

Forced Draft

Condensing

Draft Hood

Fan AssistedDraft Diverter

Scotch Marine

Negative Positive

Sub Title

Acceptable Venting MaterialAcceptable Venting Material

IV

III

II

I

Atmospheric

Fan Assisted (85+ efficiency)

Forced Draft

Condensing

B-Vent

Masonry

Fan Assisted

B-Vent

Masonry (interior)

AL29-4C double wall

UL103 P-Stack

Welded Steel

(90+ efficiency)

AL29-4C single wall

CPVC (tested with appliance)

(85 – 90 % efficiency)

AL29-4C double wall

Negative Positive

Sub Title

•Fan Assisted (85+ efficiency)

IV

III

II

I

•Atmospheric

•Forced Draft

•Condensing

Masonry Chimney LinersMasonry Chimney Liners

Clay tile liner

•Fan AssistedClay tile liner (interior

chimney)

Steel liner (exterior chimney)

Exception: Clay tile liner can be used with exterior chimney if an Atmospheric appliance is connected to the same chimney

AL29-4C Liner

Positive pressure steel liner Ex. Welded steel, Inner liner of pressure stack

AL29-4C Liner

Reference: ANSI Z223.1-2002 10.4.1 and 13.1.9, NFPA211 4-2.2

Negative Positive

Sub Title

Chimney Design EquationChimney Design Equation

1996 Edition

INPUTS:• Appliance Type• Fuel Type• MBH Input• CO2% in Flue Gases• Flue Gas Temperature• Ambient Temperature• Altitude• Flue Layout

RESULTS:• Flue Gas Volume• Flue Gas Velocity• Theoretical Draft• Total Pressure Losses• Appliance Outlet Pressure

OutletPressure

PressureLosses (+)

+

TheoreticalDraft (-)

Sub Title

Boiler Efficiency versus DraftBoiler Efficiency versus Draft

Sub Title

Annual Draft VariationsAnnual Draft Variations

Sub Title

Chimney Draft – Steady-StateChimney Draft – Steady-State

Sub Title

Draft Variations During Draft Variations During OperationOperation

Vent = 30’ vert./10’ horiz., 18” diam.

4 Fan-assisted Cat I boilers with 1,000 MBH input each

Constant ambient of 60°F

Draft requirement: 0.05”WC

Sub Title

Modulating Boiler SystemsModulating Boiler Systems

Gravity Stack Design

Sub Title

Chimney Automation SystemsChimney Automation Systems

Sub Title

CASV – Chimney Automation CASV – Chimney Automation SystemSystem

Sub Title

CASI – Chimney Automation CASI – Chimney Automation SystemSystem

Sub Title

Modulating Boiler SystemsModulating Boiler Systems

Controlled Draft Design

Sub Title

First Cost AnalysisFirst Cost Analysis

Ordinary Stack Material Cost EXHAUSTO System Material Cost

Item Qty List Price Item Qty List Price

20" pressure stack 35' $ 5,775 12" pressure stack 50' $ 4,600

16" pressure stack 5' $ 630 12" Tee 1 $ 345

14" pressure stack 5' $ 535 12" end cap 2 $ 260

10" pressure stack 5' $ 405 12" x 8" reducing Tee 4 $ 1,240

20" Tee 1 $ 610

20 " end cap 1 $ 205

20" x 8" reducing Tee 1 $ 410

20" x 16" tapered reducer 1 $ 360






10" end cap 1 $ 130

20" stack cap 1 $ 640

Total $ 11,210 Total $ 6,445

Sub Title

National Fuel Gas Code National Fuel Gas Code

NFPA 54

IFGC

ANSI Z 223.1

• Horizontal distances

• Large stack area

• Self venting connector rise

• Fan Min capacities

• Different type of appliances

• Existing masonry chimneys

• Location of draft inducer

Sub Title

Common Code ViolationsCommon Code Violations

(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 (Venting of Equipment)10.6.1.4 The total horizontal distance of a vent plus the horizontal vent connector serving draft hood-equipped appliances shall not be greater than 75 % of the vertical height of the vent. Table 13.1 and 13.2 The total horizontal length of the vent plus the vent connector for a single Category I appliance is: 100% of the height (vent 6 – 30 ft high); 30 ft (vent 31 – 50 ft high); 50% of the height (vent 51 – 100 ft high)

Chimney Automation System

Sub Title


(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 13.2 (Sizing of Venting Systems)

13.2.2 The maximum vent connector horizontal length shall be 18 in./in of connector diameter.13.2.4 The length of the common vent manifold shall not exceed 18 in./in. of common vent diameter.13.2.5 The horizontal length of the common vent offset shall not exceed 18 in./in. of common vent diameter.


3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 22" 24"4.5' 6' 7.5' 9' 10.5'12' 13.5'15' 18' 21' 24' 27' 30' 33' 36'

Sub Title


(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 13.2.17 (Sizing of Venting Systems)

13.2.17 Where two or more appliances are connected to a vertical vent or chimney, the flow area of the largest section of vertical or chimney shall not exceed seven times the smallest listed appliance categorized vent areas, flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area unless designed in accordance with approved engineering methods.


3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 12" 14" 16"7" 10" 12" 14" 18" 22" 22" 26" 30" 36" 42"

Sub Title


(NFPA 54) Z223.1-2002 10.10.4.2 (Venting of Equipment)

10.10.4.2 Vent connectors serving Category I appliances shall not be connected into any portion of mechanical draft systems operating under positive static pressure, such as those serving Category III or Category IV appliances.


Sub Title

Side-wall VentingSide-wall Venting

Z223.1-51-2002 (Venting of Equipment)

10.3.4.6 Mechanical Draft Systems.

The exit terminals of mechanical draft systems shall be not less than 7ft above grade where located adjacent to public walkways.

Sub Title


Z223.1-56 (Venting of Equipment)7.8 Venting System Location.

(a) A Venting system shall terminate at least 3 ft (0.9 m) above any forced air inlet located within 10 ft (3.1 m).Exception No. 1: This provision shall not apply to the combustion air intake of a direct-vent appliance.Exception No. 2: This provision shall not apply to the separation of circulating air inlet and flue gas discharge of listed outdoor appliances.

Sub Title


Z223.1-56 (Venting of Equipment)7.8 Venting System Location.

(b) The venting system of other than a direct-vent appliance shall terminate at least 4 ft (1.2 m) below, 4 ft (1.2 m) horizontally from, or 1 ft (30 cm) above any door, window, or gravity air inlet into any building. The bottom of the vent terminal shall be located at least 12 in. (30 cm) above grade.

Sub Title

Roof-top VentingRoof-top Venting

Z223.1-56 (Venting of Equipment)

Sub Title

Gravity Stack TerminationsGravity Stack Terminations

NFPA Fig. 12a NFPA Fig. 12b

Sub Title

Gravity Stack TerminationsGravity Stack Terminations

More than10 ft

2 ft abovehypotenuse

Hypotenuse oftwo obstructionedges

2 ft abovehypotenuse

Hypotenuse oftwo obstructionedges

Experience Shows

Sub Title

Mechanical Draft Systems Mechanical Draft Systems DefinedDefined

10.3.4.1 Mechanical draft systems shall be listed and shall be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and both the appliance and the mechanical draft system manufacturer’s instructions.

10.3.4.2 Gas utilization equipment requiring venting shall be permitted to be vented by means of mechanical draft systems of either forced or induced draft design.Exception: Incinerators

10.3.4.5 Where a mechanical draft system is employed, provision shall be made to prevent flow of gas to the main burners when the draft system is not performing so as to satisfy the operating requirements of the equipment for safe performance

Z223.1-2002 Standard for Venting of Equipment

Sub Title

Mechanical Draft Systems Mechanical Draft Systems DefinedDefined

503.6.9.3 Mechanical draft. Chimney venting systems using mechanical draft shall be sized in accordance with approved engineering methods.

10.5.3.1 Size of Chimneys. Chimney venting systems using mechanical draft shall be sized in accordance with approved engineering methods.

IFGC - Section 503 (Venting of Equipment)

Z223.1-2002 Standard for Venting of Equipment

Sub Title

CASV – Chimney Automation CASV – Chimney Automation SystemSystem

Sub Title

CASI – Chimney Automation CASI – Chimney Automation SystemSystem

Sub Title

RSIB – Power VenterRSIB – Power Venter

• SS16 construction

• Removable access door

• Direct drive

• Class A insulated motor - eliminates the need for secondary fan cooling

• Maintenance free

• 575 ºF Continuous Duty

• UL 378 – Draft Equipment

• The RSIB fan can vent category I, II, III and IV appliances with or without barometric dampers

• Simple design with few components reduces the risk of failure and simplifies service

• RSIB is of Type B, Spark Resistant Construction

Sub Title

Installation Options - RSIBInstallation Options - RSIB

Sub Title

CASV Applications – Stack CASV Applications – Stack DownsizingDownsizing

Hazen High School – Renton, WA

Soldier Field - Chicago, IL

Sub Title

CASV Applications - AestheticsCASV Applications - Aesthetics

Getty Center – Los Angeles, CA

Rigel – South San Francisco,

CA

Sub Title

CASV Applications - AestheticsCASV Applications - Aesthetics

SBC Center – San Antonio, TX

Sub Title

CASV ApplicationsCASV Applications

MODSMODSModulating Overdraft Modulating Overdraft

Damper SystemDamper System

MODSMODSModulating Overdraft Modulating Overdraft

Damper SystemDamper System

Sub Title

Modulating Overdraft Damper Modulating Overdraft Damper SystemSystem

Sub Title

MODS ComponentsMODS Components

• MDF Damper

Sizes – 12 in. to 48 in. diameters

Multiple opposed blades made of 16 gauge type 316 stainless

Pressure stack flange connections

Rated to 700°F

EBC30

Prime function

Additional over-pressure protection for Forced-draft boilers

Sub Title

MODS ApplicationsMODS Applications

Kaiser Center - Oakland, CA

Wells Fargo - Great Falls, MT

Markham Road - Toronto

MCASMCAS Mechanical Combustion Mechanical Combustion

Air SupplyAir Supply

Sub Title

Code Requirements – Air for Combustion and Ventilation

8.3.3.1 Two Permanent Openings Method. Two permanent openings, one commencing within 12 in. of the top and one commencing within 12 in. of the bottom of the enclosure, shall be provided. The openings shall communicate directly, or by ducts, with the outdoors or spaces that freely communicate with the outdoors as follows:

(1) Where directly communicating with the outdoors or through vertical ducts, each opening shall have a minimum free area of 1 in.²/4000 Btu of total input rating of all equipment in the enclosure.

(2) Where communicating with the outdoors through horizontal ducts, each opening shall have a minimum free area of not less than 1in.²/2000 Btu of total input rating of all equipment in the enclosure

Codes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and StandardsCodes and Standards

• Z223.1-2002 8.3.3 Outdoor Combustion Air.

Sub Title

Code Requirements – Air for Combustion and Ventilation

8.3.3.2 One Permanent Opening Method: One permanent opening, commencing within 12 in. of the top of the enclosure, shall be provided. The opening shall directly communicate with the outdoors or shall communicate through a vertical or horizontal duct to the outdoors or spaces that freely communicate with the outdoors and shall have a minimum free area of the following:

(1) 1 in.²/3000 Btu of the total input rating of all equipment located in the enclosure, and

(2) Not less than the sum of the areas of all vent connectors in the space.


• Z223.1-2002 8.3.3 Outdoor Combustion Air.

Sub Title

2000 MBH2000 MBH

Louver(s) Sizing:• 1 sq.in./4000 Btu per louver 4000 MBH = 1000 in2

of free area per louver.

• Typical louver has 30-60% free area.

• Depending on louver design actual louver size will be: Using 45% free area louvers = Two 5’ x 4’ louvers

Sizing of Gravity Louvers

Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards

Sub Title

Code Requirements – Air for Combustion and Ventilation – Mechanical Combustion Air Supply (MCAS)

8.3.6 Mechanical Combustion Air Supply. Where all combustion air is provided by a mechanical air supply system, the combustion air shall be supplied from outdoors at the minimum rate of 0.35 ft³/min per 1000 Btu/hr for all appliances located within the space.

8.3.6.1 Where exhaust fans are installed, additional air shall be provided to replace the exhausted air.

8.3.6.2 Each of the appliances served shall be interlocked to the mechanical air supply system to prevent main burner operation where the mechanical air supply system is not in operation.


• Z223.1-2002

Sub Title

2000 MBH2000 MBH

Louver Sizing:• Engineered using ASHRAE

Chimney Design Equation.

• Flue Gas Volume corrected for temperature

= 1,400 cfm of combustion air

• 1400 cfm/500 fpm

= 2.8 ft2 of louver free area

• Using a 45% free area louver

= One 3’ x 2’ louver

Sizing of Mechanical Combustion Air

Codes and StandardsCodes and Standards

Sub Title

MCASMCAS – Modulating Combustion – Modulating Combustion Air Supply SystemAir Supply System

Sub Title

MCAS Components – BESF/BESB MCAS Components – BESF/BESB FanFan

Fan can be mounted indoors or outdoors.

Impeller - statically and dynamically balanced. Insulated housing in galvanized steel Hinged fan housing easily opens to provide

easy access to duct and impeller Direct drive, variable speed, TEFC motor

located outside housing for easy access. Variable Frequency Drive is used on three

phase models (VFD should be located inside the building).

Seven Models

450 – 5500 cfm

Sub Title

MCAS Components – SFTA FanMCAS Components – SFTA Fan

Fan can be mounted indoors Impeller – cast allunimum. Housing in steel Direct drive, variable speed, TEFC motor



Seven Models

1,500 – 30,000 cfm

Sub Title

EBC30 Modulating ControlEBC30 Modulating Control

Chimney Automati

on System

Modulating

Combustion Air Supply System

MCASMCAS Mechanical Combustion Air Mechanical Combustion Air

SupplySupply

Sub Title

SBC Center – San Antonio, TXSBC Center – San Antonio, TX

Two 16 inch ducted combustion air inletsInstead of

Two 10 foot high by 15 foot long Louvers

Sub Title

Lifetime Fitness – Savage, MNLifetime Fitness – Savage, MN

Sub Title

Marriott Waterfront – Marriott Waterfront – Annapolis, MDAnnapolis, MD

One 24 inch ducted combustion air Instead of one 90 ft.² louver

MDVSMDVSModulating Dryer Venting Modulating Dryer Venting

SystemSystem

MDVSMDVSModulating Dryer Venting Modulating Dryer Venting

SystemSystem

Sub Title

Types of Clothes DryersTypes of Clothes Dryers

• Type 1 dryers: “Domestic” dryers to be used primarily in a family living environment.• Residences• Individual apartments or condominiums

• Type 2 dryers: “Public” dryers designed to be used in business with direct intercourse of the function with the public.• Laundromats• Laundry rooms (apartment complexes, dormitories, etc.)• Business laundries (hotels, hospitals, health clubs, etc.)

Sub Title

Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s RequirementsRequirements

• Where possible use a single exhaust duct per dryer

• Dryers are to run with a positive outlet pressure.• Type 1 dryers between +0.10 and +0.90 inch W.C.• Type 2 dryers between +0.10 and +0.30 inch W.C.

• Maximum exhaust duct length:• Type 1 dryers = 35 equiv. feet (each elbow = 5 feet)• Type 2 dryers = 15 equiv. feet (each elbow = 5 feet)

Sub Title

Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s Typical Dryer Manufacturer’s Requirements for Multiple Requirements for Multiple DryersDryers• Vertical venting must not exceed 8 feet and can include up to 3 elbows

• Horizontal venting cannot exceed 15 feet and 1 elbow.

Sub Title

Common Exhausting of Common Exhausting of Multiple DryersMultiple Dryers

• Common horizontal duct diameter is sized with maximum 0.10 inch W.C. pressure drop

• Pressure drop in main exhaust shaft is only limited by fan’s total pressure capability

• Cleanouts must be provided in the common horizontal as well as the main exhaust shaft for removal of lint

• The BESB fan can be located anywhere down-stream of the last dryer

Sub Title

Use an MDVS forUse an MDVS forMultiple Dryer ExhaustingMultiple Dryer Exhausting

Multistory exhaustingof dryers

Common exhausting ofmultiple dryers

Sub Title

Multistory Exhausting of Multistory Exhausting of DryersDryers

• Type 1 or Type 2 dryers

• If main exhaust shaft does not need to be fire rated – attach connector to main shaft at 45° as previously shown

• If main exhaust shaft does need to be fire rated – attach connector via a 22 inch subduct riser as shown

• Main exhaust shaft and subduct riser must be made of appropriate materials to meet local codes

• In order to offset the subducts, a square or rectangular main exhaust shaft should be considered

Sub Title

Main Issues whenMain Issues whenCommon Exhausting DryersCommon Exhausting Dryers

• For multistory dryer systems where the 22 inch subduct is used to maintain fire rating, a fan MUST BE USED and it must be in operation at all times to comply with code requirements

• IBC 2006

716.5.3 Penetrations of shaft enclosures. Shaftenclosures that are permitted to be penetrated by

ductsand air transfer openings shall be protected withapproved fire and smoke dampers installed in

accordancewith their listing.Exceptions: 1. Fire dampers are not required at penetrationsof shafts where: 1.1 Steel exhaust subducts extend at least 22

inches(559 mm) vertically in exhaust shafts pro-videdthere is a continuous airflow upward tothe outside.

2. In Group B and R occupancies, equipped throughout with and automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 smoke dampers are not required at penetrations of shafts where:2.1. Kitchen, clothes dryer, bathroom and toilet room exhaust are installed with steel exhaust subducts, having a wall thickness of 0.019(0.48 mm); and2.2 That extend at least 22 inches vertically; and2.3 An exhaust fan is installed at the upper terminus of the shaft, that is powered continuously in accordance with Section 909.11, so as to maintain a continuous upward airflow to the outside.

Sub Title

Multistory Exhausting of Multistory Exhausting of DryersDryers

• Main exhaust shaft is made of smooth (fire-rated) material

• Main exhaust shaft sized to max 0.10 inch W.C. pressure drop

• Access door or cleanout to be located at bottom of main exhaust shaft for lint removal

• BESB fan can be located anywhere above top most dryer

Sub Title

MDVS versus Single SpeedMDVS versus Single Speed

MDVS

• ETL Listed mechanical dryer exhaust system

• Usually runs at low rpm = low power

• Uses little to no conditioned air = low additional building heat or A/C

Single Speed

• No listing for lint-laden air

• Runs at full rpm 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr = high power

• Uses a large quantity of conditioned air = large additional building heat and A/C

Sub Title

MDVS versus Single SpeedMDVS versus Single Speed

20 Dryer Multistory Apartment200 cfm X 20 X 50% = 2000 cfm

MDVS Single Speed Savings

Fan Power 41 KW/yr $4 /yr 4368 KW/yr $437 /yr $434 /yr

Loss of heated air1,454,200(BTU/yr)

$15 /yr155,520,000

(BTU/yr)$1,555 /yr $1540 /yr

Loss of A/C air(sensible only)

824,100(BTU/yr)

$5 /yr88,128,000

(BTU/yr)$557 /yr $552 /yr

Location = Atlanta, GA (3000 DDH, 1700 DDC)

Power = $0.10 per KW/h

Heating = $1.00 per therm

A/C = .75 KW/ton X $0.10 per KW/h

Total Annual Savings = $2526

Sub Title

MDVSMDVS – Mechanical Dryer – Mechanical Dryer Venting SystemVenting System

Sub Title

MDVS Components - BESB FanMDVS Components - BESB Fan

• Cast aluminum, backward curved impeller reduces lint build-up. Statically and dynamically balanced with permanently attached balancing weights.

• Insulated hinged fan housing easily opens to provide easy access to duct and impeller

• Direct drive with variable speed TEFC motor located outside housing for easy access. Frequency drive should be located inside the building.

• ETL Listed to UL705 with special consideration for operation with lint-laden air

Four Models

1200 – 5500 cfm

Sub Title

Mechanical Dryer Venting Mechanical Dryer Venting SystemsSystems

MCASMCASModulating Combustion Air Modulating Combustion Air

SupplySupply

for Dryersfor Dryers

MCASMCASModulating Combustion Air Modulating Combustion Air

SupplySupply

for Dryersfor Dryers

Sub Title

Make-Up Air.

• Z223.1-2002

9.4 Clothes Dryers.

9.4.3.2 Provisions for Make-Up Air. Provisions for make-up air shall be provided for Type 2 clothes dryers, with a minimum free area of 1 sq.in. for each 1000 Btu per hr total input rating of the dryer(s) installed.

Why MCAS for Dryers?Why MCAS for Dryers?Why MCAS for Dryers?Why MCAS for Dryers?

Sub Title

Manufacturer’s RequirementManufacturer’s Requirement

• National Fuel Gas Code requires a minimum free area opening of 1 sq.in./1000 Btuh

• Most manufacturers require even larger – approximately 1 sq.in / 700 Btuh. Ex. A twin 30# tumbler dryer with a total input of 204,000 Btuh (1100 cfm) requires a minimum 2 sq.ft. free area opening.

• Most laundry facilities have problems with make-up air. The industry believes it is one of their biggest problems.

Sub Title

MCAS Components – SFTA FanMCAS Components – SFTA Fan

Fan can be mounted indoors Impeller – cast allunimum. Housing in steel Direct drive, variable speed, TEFC motor



Seven Models

1,500 – 30,000 cfm

Sub Title

Marriott Waterfront – Marriott Waterfront – Annapolis, MDAnnapolis, MD

One 24 inch ducted combustion air inletInstead of

One 90 ft.² louver

SimulatorsSimulatorsCASV / MCASCASV / MCAS

MDVSMDVS

SimulatorsSimulatorsCASV / MCASCASV / MCAS

MDVSMDVS

Sub Title

EXHAUSTO - Presentation. Sub Title The First Fan - 1957 The first chimney fan - a first worldwide and the foundation of EXHAUSTOs existence.

Documents

draft slide

sub title fan

sub title automation

sub title exhausto

sub title z223

sub title draft variations

sub title certifications

theoretical draft slide