©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9 Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries
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©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
An Introduction to Health and Physical Education
Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9
Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Types of Joints
Cartilaginous joint Fibrous joint Synovial joint
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Types of Synovial Joints
Ball-and-socket joint
Hinge joint
Saddle joint
Gliding joint
Pivot joint
Ellipsoid joint
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Characteristics of a Synovial Joint
Bone
Blood vessels
Nerve
Synovial membrane
Joint cavity (filled with synovial fluid)
Fibrous capsule Joint capsule
Bursa
Tendon sheath Tendon
Articular cartilage
Fibrous layer
Membranous layer Periosteum
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Tissue Properties
t Tendons: v Composed of collagen
(bundles of white, fibrous protein) v Attach muscle to bone v Vascular
t Ligaments:
v Tough bands of white, fibrous tissue v Attach bone to bone v Avascular
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Common Sport Injuries
t Strains, pulls, and tears v Terms used to describe injuries to
all joint tissue types t Tendinitis
v Inflammation of a tendon t Dislocations
v Bone displaced from its original location
t Separations v Fibrous ligaments that bind the
bones tear and separate t Cartilage
v Torn cartilage t Shin splints
v Tearing of the interosseous membrane or the periosteum
Tendinitis
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Proper Treatment of an Injury
S.H.A.R.P P.I.E.R. Principle
Swelling: instantly or over time Pressure: tensor wrap
Heat: increased temperature in the area Ice: placed on affected area
Altered: tissue will not function properly Elevate: to reduce swelling
Red: in colour Restrict: tensors, slings, or crutches
Painful: to touch or move
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Shoulder Joint
Clavicle
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoid process
Scapula
Acromioclavicular ligament
Acromion
Coracoacromial ligament
Glenohumeral ligaments and joint capsule
Tendon of biceps brachii (long head)
Humerus
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Shoulder Joint Injuries
t Biceps tendinitis v Caused by overuse of the biceps
brachii muscle t Shoulder separation
v Tearing of the acromioclavicular ligament
t Shoulder dislocation v Occurs when the humerus “pops
out” of the glenoid fossa t Rotator cuff tears
v An injury to one of the rotator cuff tendons
Shoulder separation
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint – Anterior
Patella
Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
Tibial tuberosity
Tibia
Quadriceps tendon
Fibula
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint Anterior (deep)
Femur
Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament removed
Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament removed
Lateral Meniscus
Tibial Tuberosity
Fibula
Lateral Condyle Medial Condyle
Medial Meniscus
Tibia
Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint – Posterior
Femur
Adductor magnus tendon
Medial head of gastrocnemius tendon
Semimembranosus tendon
Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament
Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament
Fibular head
Lateral head of gastrocnemius tendon
Oblique popliteal ligament
Fibula
Tibia
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Knee Joint – Posterior (deep)
Anterior cruciate ligament
Popliteal tendon Lateral meniscus
Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
Posterior cruciate
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Knee Joint Injuries
t Knee ligament tears v Q-angle may contribute to the
predisposition of ACL tears t Osgood-Schlatter syndrome
v Affects the epiphyseal plate of the tibial tuberosity
t Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFS) v Gradual onset of anterior knee
pain/pain around the patella Osgood-Schlatter syndrome
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Ankle Joint – Medial View
Tibia
Medial malleolus
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
Long plantar ligament
Deltoid ligament
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
The Ankle Joint – Lateral View
Tibia Fibula
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Lateral malleolus Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneus
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Ankle Joint Injuries
t Inversion sprains v “twisted ankle”
t Eversion sprains v Occurs to the deltoid ligament v Pott’s Fracture
A force on the medial side of ankle causing the deltoid ligament to rip off the tip of the medial malleolus; and a break of the fibula
Inversion sprain
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
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