Top Banner
Exercise Science Exercise Physiology
30

Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Dec 14, 2015

Download

Documents

Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Science

Exercise Physiology

Page 2: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyExercise Physiology – the physiological

responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how these responses can be manipulated and trained to elicit desired results and benefits

Page 3: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyExercise Principles

Consistency - (most important)

Progression

Overload

Specificity

Reversibility

Page 4: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyComponents of Health Related Fitness

Cardiorespiratory

Page 5: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Muscular Strength

Page 6: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Muscular Endurance (conditioning)

Page 7: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Flexibility

Page 8: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Body Composition

Page 9: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Balance

Page 10: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology

Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System

Components of Cardiorespiratory System: Heart Lungs Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Blood

Cardiac Cycle: Systole Diastole

Page 11: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyPhysiology of the Cardiorespiratory System

Vocabulary Heart Rate (RHR, Ex HR) Stroke Volume Cardiac Output (SV x HR = CO) Ejection Fraction Ischemia

Angina Pectoris (heart) Myocardial Infarction (heart) Cerebral Vascular Accident (Brain) …Stroke…

Page 12: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyGeneral Training Effects (CV)

VO2max – Intake, Delivery, UTILIZATION of O2 Lungs – External, Internal & Cellular respiration Heart – SV, HR, CO, EF

Metabolism Anaerobic Metabolism – the productions of energy

within the body in the absence of O2 Aerobic Metabolism – the production of energy

within the body in the presence of O2

Page 13: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyFuel Sources

Glucose (4Kcals/g) most utilized Glycogen – stored form of glucose

Fat (9Kcals/g) most caloricaly dense

Protein (4Kcals/g)

Page 14: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology

Outside MitochondriaLactic Acid (waste)

Anaerobic Metabolism

-O2 +O2

(-O2)

Anaerobic Enzymes

Energy(2 ATP)

Page 15: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Outside Mitochondria

Inside Mitochondria

Lactic Acid (waste)

Anaerobic Metabolism Aerobic Metabolism

Beta Oxidation(Fat Metabolism)

-O2 +O2

-O2+O2

Anaerobic Enzymes

ENERGY(36 ATP)

Energy(2 ATP)

(waste)

Page 16: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyMechanical Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory

System due to Aerobic Activity Increase Lung Function

Increase ability of external respiration Increase ability of internal respiration Increase ability of cellular respiration

Increase Cardiac Efficiency Decrease Heart Rate at any given workload Increase Stroke Volume Increase Ejection Fraction Increase Cardiac Output Increase Capillarization

Increase VO2 Max

Page 17: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyPhysiological Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System

due to Aerobic Activity Increase ability of cellular respiration Increase quantity of Anaerobic & Aerobic enzymes Increase glycogen storage Increase accessibility to glucose Increase fat utilization Decrease the production rate of lactic acid Increase the tolerance to lactic acid (anaerobic threshold) Increase Mitochondria density (# & Size) Increase VO2 Max

Page 18: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyMetabolic Equivalent – 3.5ml/kg/min

F. I. T. T. Principle Frequency

Intensity

Type

Time

Page 19: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyCardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items…

Benefits of Regular Aerobic Activity Effects of Environment

Altitude Heat Cold

Page 20: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologySkeletal Muscle Anatomy & Physiology

Page 21: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyNecessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle

Contraction Nervous Impulse Energy (ATP) O2 (if sustained)

Page 22: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologySliding Filament Theory

Page 23: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologySliding Filament Theory Cont…

Page 24: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Muscle Contraction – ALL or NOTHING Force Generation of Muscular Contraction

Muscle Size # of Contracting Fibers Motor Unit Recruitment Length Tension Relationship

Isometric Contraction Isotonic

Concentric Eccentric

Isokinetic

Page 25: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Muscle Fiber Type

Slow Twitch (Type 1, Red Fibers, Oxidative Fibers) Fast Twitch (Type II, White Fibers, Glycolitic Fibers) Fiber Distribution – Genetic? Or Trainable? Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia

Hypertrophy – increase in muscle fiber size Hyperplasia – increase in # of muscle fibers

Page 26: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyMechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to

Resistive Training Increase Cross-sectional area Increase Tensile Strength of Muscle & Connective

Tissue Increase Motor Unit recruitment Decrease Nervous Inhibition Increase Neural Control Decrease Repair Time

Page 27: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise PhysiologyPhysiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle

to Resistive Training Increased Actin & Myosin Increased # of Cross-Bridges Decrease Nervous Inhibition Increased Anaerobic Enzymes Increased Mitochondrial Density (# & size) Increased Anaerobic Threshold

Page 28: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Golgi Tendon Organ

Sensor – Prevents too much force production

Page 29: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Musculotendonis Unit

Page 30: Exercise Science Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how.

Exercise Physiology Muscle Sorness

Immediate Onset Delayed Muscle Soreness