Exercise 39 Anatomy of the Respiratory System 1. Upper respiratory system structures 2.

Exercise 39

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

1

Upper respiratory system structures

2

Upper respiratory system structures

Nose External nares Nasal cavity Nasal septum Nasal conchae

Superior, middle, inferiorAir turbulence

3

Upper respiratory system structures

4

Upper respiratory system structures

MeatusSuperiorMiddleInferior

Function of the noseWarm the airMoister the airFilter the air

5

Upper respiratory system structures

Olfactory receptors Paranasal sinuses

MaxillaryFrontalEthmoidalSphenoidal

6

Upper respiratory system structures

Function of the paranasal sinusesResonance of the airWarm the airMoister the air

PalateSeparates the nasal cavity from the

oral cavitySoft, hardCleft palate7

Upper respiratory system structures

Oral cavity Pharynx

Nasopharynx• Above the soft palate• Internal nares• 1 Pharyngeal tonsil• Pharyngotympanic tubes• Otites media

8

Upper respiratory system structures Oropharynx

From the soft palate to the epiglotisCarries food and air2 Palatine tonsils2 Lingual tonsils

LaryngopharynxPosterior and inferior to the

epiglotis

9

Upper respiratory system structures

Larynx1 thyroid cartilage

• Laryngeal prominence1 cricoid cartilage2 cuneiform cartilages2 corniculate cartilages2 arytenoid cartilages

10

Upper respiratory system structures

1 epiglottis cartilage (elastic cartilage) Vestibular folds Vocal ligaments or vocal cords Glottis

11

Upper respiratory system structures

12

Lower respiratory system structures

TracheaFrom the larynx to the sternal angleTracheal cartilages

• C-shaped• incomplete

13

Lower respiratory system structures

Microscopic anatomyLumenRespiratory epithelium (mucous

membrane)• Pseudostratified columnar • Cilia• Goblet cells

14

Lower respiratory system structures

SubmucosaSeromucous glands

Smooth muscle Cartilage Adventitia

15

Lower respiratory system structures Bronchus

Primary• Right is wider, shorter, more

vertical• Left • Carina

Secondary• Lung hilus

16

Lower respiratory system structures

17

Lower respiratory system structures Tertiary…. Bronchioles (no cartilage)

TerminalRespiratory

Microscopic anatomy of bronchiLumenRespiratory epitheliumSmooth muscleHyaline cartilage

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Respiratory Zone

19

Lower respiratory system structures Alveolar sac Alveolar duct Alveoli

Simple squamous epithelium Air-blood barrier (respiratory

membrane)Capillary wallAlveoli wall

20

Lower respiratory system structures

Respiratory zone structuresRespiratory bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveolar sacs

Conducting zone structuresAll the other respiratory structuresAnatomical dead space

21

Lower respiratory system structures Lungs

ApexBaseRoot

• Connection with mediastinumHilusCostal surfaceCardiac notch (left lung)

22

Lower respiratory system structures Lobes

3 on the right2 on the left

FissuresRight lung

• Horizontal and obliqueLeft lung

• Oblique

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Lower respiratory system structures

PleuraVisceralParietalPleural cavityPleural fluid

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Microscopic Structures

TracheaPseudostratified ciliated epithelium

• Goblet cellsLamina propriaHyaline cartilage

25

Microscopic Structures

Bronchus Bronchioles Lungs

Alveolar sacsAlveolus

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Cat Structures to be identified

TracheaThyroid cartilage

Primary bronchiRightLeft

Secondary bronchiRight Left

Lungs27