CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION FIVE WAYS THAT PAY ALONG THE WAY TO THE B.A. CERTIFICATES EMPLOYER-BASED TRAINING INDUSTRY-BASED CERTIFICATIONS APPRENTICESHIPS ASSOCIATE’S DEGREES CIVIC ENTERPRISES Anthony P. Carnevale Tamara Jayasundera Andrew R. Hanson September 2012 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Career and TeChniCal eduCaTion
Five Ways ThaT Pay
along The Way To The B.a.
CERTIFICATES
EMPL
OYE
R-BA
SED
TRA
ININ
G
INDUSTRY-BASEDCERTIFICATIONS
APPR
ENTI
CESH
IPS
ASSOCIATE’S DEGREES
CIVIC ENTERPRISES
Anthony P. CarnevaleTamara JayasunderaAndrew R. Hanson
September 2012
exeCuTive summary
2 | Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A.
There are 29 million “middle jobs” in the united states that pay $35,000 or more on average and don’t require a Bachelor’s degree.
Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A. | 3
There are five Career and Technical education (CTe) pathways that educate and train americans for these jobs.
employer-based training
associate’s degrees
industry-based certifications
Postsecondary certificates
apprenticeships
4 | Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A.
The united states invests roughly $1.4 trillion in human capital development each year. national spending on the five CTe pathways totals $524 billion annually.
National Spending on Five CTE Pathways Totals $524 billion(in billions of $)
National Spending on Human Capital Development Totals $1.4 trillion(in billions of $)
Two-year public colleges
Two-year private colleges
Apprenticeships
Industry-based certi�cations
Employer-based training (informal)
Employer-based training (formal)
$141
$25
$313
$38$6
$0.3
Five CTE Pathways
Four-year colleges
Primary and secondary education
Public job training
$536$524
$233
$16
Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A. | 5
The 29 million “middle jobs” represent one out of every five jobs in the american economy and nearly half of all american jobs that pay middle-class wages.
All Jobs
Middle-class Jobs
Other jobs
Middle jobs
79%
21%
Other middle- and upper-class jobs
Middle jobs
53%47%
6 | Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A.
more than 11 million middle jobs pay $50,000 or more annually, and 4 million pay $75,000 or more.
Earn $75,000 or more
Earn $50,000 to $74,999
Earn $35,000 to $49,999
Earn $25,000 to $34,999
Earn under $25,00025%
13%
23%
25%
14%
at least some postsecondary education or training is becoming the entry-level requirement for many jobs.
0
20
40
60
80
100
20201973
Master's degree or better
Bachelor's degree
Some college
High school diploma
Less than high school
Associate's degree
7%
12%
18%
12%
24%
24%
11%9%
40%
12%
32%
Sh
are
of
Job
s (%
)
Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A. | 7
The united states is ranked second internationally in baccalaureate attainment, but ranks 16th in sub-baccalaureate (CTe) attainment.
Baccalaureate attainment
Sub-baccalaureate (CTE) attainment
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ger
man
yFr
ance
Belg
ium
Hun
gary
Spai
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Pola
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ew Z
eala
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ark
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rael
Net
herla
nds
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
orw
ay
Shar
e of
wor
kers
with
a
Bach
elor
's de
gree
(%)
1%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Gre
ece
Den
mar
kAu
stria
Chile
Swed
enG
erm
any
Spai
nU
nite
d St
ates
Uni
ted
King
dom
Aust
ralia
Switz
erla
ndSl
oven
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ance
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toni
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land
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ew Z
eala
ndJa
pan
Cana
da
Shar
e of
Wor
kers
with
Sub
-ba
ccal
aure
ate
(CTE
) Aw
ards
(%)
information systems that make the connections between CTe programs and job openings transparent are the crucial reform going forward.
HIGH-SCHOOLGRADUATES
STUDENTTRANSCRIPTS
WAGERECORDS
DATACOLLECTION
EXCHANGEDATABASE
LEARNING & EARNING EXCHANGE
8 | Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A.
HIGH-SCHOOLGRADUATES
STUDENTTRANSCRIPTS
WAGERECORDS
DATACOLLECTION
EXCHANGEDATABASE
LEARNING & EARNING EXCHANGE
Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A. | 9
The five CTe pathways make further education
more affordable.
Career and Technical Education: Five Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A. comprises a full report and an executive summary.
Both can be accessed online at cew.georgetown.edu/ctefiveways.