Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 1 National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation.

Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 1

National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence

The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation

Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]


02/04

UXO Migration:

Frost Heave and Possible

Salt/Chemical Heave of UXO

Karen Henry, PhD, P.E., Task PartnerGeorge Robitaille, Technical Monitor

Thomas Bernitt, CHMM, CQA,CQM, Task Lead

The National Defense Industrial AssociationApril 5-8, 2004 San Diego, CA






02/04

The Problem:Under Optimal Soil and Climatic Conditions

Frost heave (i.e., frost jacking) causes upward migration of UXO (cold regions)

Salt/Chemical heave may cause upward migration of UXO (hot, arid regions)

UXO is cleared to standard depths based on end-use

If UXO migrates to shallower depths, it will become a serious safety issue






02/04

UXO Migration StudyOverview

Frost heave (known to occur) Chamber study Field study

Salt/Chemical heave (possibly occurs) Field study Chamber study






02/04

NDCEE Specific Tasks

Assess existing data and previous studies concerning UXO frost and salt heaving.

Identify existing models.

Conduct field and environmental chamber tests to determine potential UXO migration in soil using inert UXO targets (shapes) of different sizes, placed in different orientations. These targets will be monitored continuously for movement.

Document study by collecting all UXO movement, ambient air temperature, soil moisture content, temperature, and soil water potential. All aspects will be pictorially captured.






02/04

Stakeholders

George Robitaille - Technical Monitor, U.S. Army Environmental

Center (USAEC)

Dr. Femi Ayorinde, Joint UXO Coordinating Office

Chris O'Donnell, Naval EOD Technology Division

Mark McCarty, Environmental Supervisor, Ft. McCoy, WI

Dr. Karen Henry, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL)

Doug Murray, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity

Charles Botdorf, LPG, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ






02/04

23 Factorial DesignsResponse Measured: Movement

Depth 12, 24 inches 24, 36 inches

OrientationVertical, 45° Vertical, 45°

UXO20 mm 81 mm40 mm 2.75 inch

105 mm155 mm






02/04

UXO Migration Field StudiesJuly 2003 - September 2004

FROST-HEAVE TESTING

• CRREL, Hanover, NH

• FT McCoy, WI

SALT/CHEMICAL-HEAVE TESTING

• Yuma Proving Ground, AZ

Setting up the site at CRREL: Jack Rose (NDCEE), Dr. Karen Henry (CRREL), Larry Danyluk (CRREL), and Tom

Anderson (NDCEE).






02/04

Environmental Chamber Studies

10 freezing cycles

Four evaporation seasons

Conducted at CRREL

One meter deep water table optimizes migration chances

Test chambers at CRREL






02/04

UXO Movement Will Be Correlated With:

Soil temperature Soil moisture Soil moisture potential Soil type






02/04

Field Test Factorial Design






02/04

Chamber Test Factorial Design (Salt-Heave)






02/04

Anticipated Long-Term Results

Increase understanding of physical processes Can salt heave move UXO? How much does UXO move due to frost jacking?

High-quality data for future model development or validation

Increased ability to manage risk

Assess clearance costs






02/04

Preliminary Results Measurable movement at CRREL and YPG

One to two millimeters

No measurable movement at Ft McCoy






02/04

Acknowledgements

NDCEE Executive Agent Mr. Raymond Fatz, DASA (ESOH)

NDCEE Program Director Mr. Joseph Vallone, ODASA (ESOH)

NDCEE Contracting Officer’s Mr. Richard Eichholtz, ODASA (ESOH)Representative






02/04

ContactsNDCEE UXO Task Technical Monitor Mr. George Robitaille, USAEC

NDCEE UXO Task Manager Mr. Dick Pirrotta, CTC

More information about this work:

Brad Wroolie, Project Manager, CTC

Phone: (858) 674-2114

E-mail: [email protected]

Karen Henry, PhD, P.E., CRREL

Phone: (603) 646-4188


Tom Bernitt, CTC

Phone: (858) 674-2106


Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 1 National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation.

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