Exceptional Development - Aphasia and Dyslexia

V. Exceptional Development:Aphasia and

Dyslexia

Language Disorder refers to any systematic deviation in the way people speak, listen, read, write or sign that interferes with their ability to communicate with their peers (Crystal, 1987 as cited by Piper, 1998).

Language Disability affects the structure, content and even the use of language.

Deafness is a physical impairment that causes language disorder.

APHASIA

language impairment that is caused by specific brain damage

the loss of ability to use and understand language

Categories of Aphasia

- Receptive Aphasia - Expressive Aphasia and

- Global Aphasia

Receptive Aphasia

also referred to as sensory aphasia or “Wernicke’s aphasia”

Manifestations:- repeated patterns in speech- odd combination of words- problems in retrieving words from

memory

Expressive Aphasia

also called as motor aphasia or “Broca’s aphasia”

Manifestations:- slow and labored speech- no difficulty in comprehension

Paul Broca

Carl Wernicke

Global Aphasiacombination of receptive and expressive aphasiasometimes referred to as irreversible aphasia syndrome (Piper, 1998)

Manifestations:- limited comprehension- speech is minimal

DYSLEXIAdefective reading or severe reading disabilityrepresents loss of competency due to brain injury, degeneration, and developmental failure to keep pace with reading instruction

Brain area:Adult dyslexias result from

lesions in the visual association cortex or the corpus callosum.

Posterior Alexia

Adult who could write but not read An adult suffers from lesion that

involves the medial and inferior aspects of the left occipital lobe and the splenium of the corpus callosum

Optic Alexia seen in adults with occipital lesions where letters similar in configuration are mistaken from another

Ex. m and n or k and x

Verbal Alexia associated with occipital lesions where patients could easily recognize letters but could not grasp the whole words

Dysgnosia means inefficient recognition or loss of the ability to recognize objects

Agnostic Dyslexia patients can read but throw a slow, letter by letter analysis of a word

The End

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