ExampleCarbModeling

Geological Workflow

3D and Volume AttributeMapping and Variogram

Seismic AttributeAmplitude, Semblance

Geology and Geophysics3D Seismic

Depositional EnvironmentAnalogue Model

Regional GeologyPaleogeography and Analogue

Structural

Log MotifVertical and Horizontal

Sequence Stratigraphy

Well CorrelationField and Regional

Stra

tigr

aphi

c C

orre

lati

on

GeologyWell Logs input

Input Data Loading and QC

Sedimentary

Well Interpretation

5.2 Ma

10.5 Ma

Horizon III Unconformity

Shallow Regional Unconformity

Upper Intermediate Unconformity

*from Global Sea Level Curve

Regional Seismic CompilationKenari-Kasawari-NC3-NC8-NC4

NE

SW

- Accumulation on top of the half-graben high elevation

- Localized build up- Outer shelf margin

- Central Luconia Province- Cycle IV / V- Mid to Late Miocene

Depositional Setting

Bunga Pelaga HighSK316

HST

TSTLST

HST

TSTLST

Reef Architectures

Prograde

Catch UpBack Step

N

Steep

Gentle

HST

TSTLST

HST

TSTLST

HST

TSTLST

HST

TSTLST

HST

TSTLST

Modeling Workflow

* Constructed Geological Concept but no Facies

defined

Structural Framework

Grid cells (nI x nJ x nK) 64 x 41 x 396

Rotation angle: 26.0

Grid cells (nI x nJ x nK) 64 x 41 x 396Total number of 3D grid cells:

1,039,104

Number of geological horizons:397

Average X inc: 99.95Average Y inc: 98.50Average Z inc (along pillar): 2.70Rotation angle: 26.0

Z: -2049.50 Top Carbonate

Z: -2820.80 Top Intra 6 (S)

Z: -2570.00 Top Intra 4 (S)

Z: -2121.00 Top Intra 1

Z: -2230.00 Top Intra 2

Z: -2388.00 Top Intra 3

Z: -3035.00 Top Intra 8 (S)

Z: -2930.00 Top Intra 7

Z: -2698.00 Top Intra 5

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000

-340

0-3

200

-300

0-2

800

-260

0-2

400

-220

0

-3400-3200

-3000-2800

-2600-2400

-2200

Make Horizon, Zone and Layering- 5 surface depth structure from

seismic interpretation- tied with well markers- Top carbonate as erosional

surface while the rest is base

Volume correction set as equal for internal zone between Top Carbonate and Top Intra 4 (S)

Volume correction for other internal zone are proportional

Minimum cell thickness set as 2 for all setting in Horizon, Make Zone and Layering

All surfaces are restore as base except Top Carbonate restore eroded

Well Blocking

Thickness at the crest: 1434mNumber of geological layers: 396Average K layer:2.70m

Upscaling method:- Porosity = Arithmetic- Permeability = Harmonic

Variogram AnalysisLocal Structural Azimuth analysis support the structure is rotated 26 from North

Local Structural Dip analysis firmed the geological depositional setting where low dipping angle from Intra 4 to Base Carbonate and hi dipping angle near Top of Carbonate

Analog from NC3 / NC8 Model

Variogram Analysis

Vertical Proportion

Azimuth

Length (ft) 7000 m

Width (ft) 4200 m

Property Modeling

Distribution method:Gaussian Random Function Simulation

Variogram analysis:Analogue from NC3 / NC8 Model: Major 600, Minor 300Vertical Proportion: 3mAzimuth: 26

Vertical Function:Porosity – Depth Trend

Property ModelingDistribution method:Gaussian Random Function Simulation

Variogram analysis:Same setting as Porosity Model

Property Modeling

bHAFWLaSw el )(mod

21

Fluid Contact

Petrophysical analysis:FWL = 3035 TVDSS

Petrel 2011.2 (64‐bit) SchlumbergerDate Wednesday, June 27 2012 15:05:26 Lower gas contact: Contact set\MLCASE @ 3035Project KASAWARI_PMU_JUL2012_YD.pet Porosity: PHIT_SGS_BaseModel Reservoir Model Net gross: NTGGrid 3D Grid BASECASE GENTLE 270612 Sat. water: SW_LAMBDA_BBBInput XY unit m Sat. gas: 1‐Sw‐SoInput Z unit m Bg (formation vol. factor): 0.631 [RB/MSCF]

Case Bulk volume[*109 rm3] Net volume[*109 rm3] Pore volume[*109 rm3] HCPV[*109 rm3] GIIP[TSCF]BaseCaseGENTLE 5.151 4.883 0.848 0.775 7.726

ZonesZone TC 0.011 0.011 0.003 0.003 0.027Zone 1 0.108 0.108 0.031 0.029 0.292Zone 2 0.376 0.376 0.096 0.090 0.896Zone 3 0.993 0.993 0.209 0.191 1.901Zone 4 0.780 0.780 0.158 0.148 1.471Zone 5 1.132 1.132 0.175 0.159 1.590Zone 6 0.929 0.743 0.084 0.073 0.726Zone 7 0.781 0.703 0.089 0.080 0.793Zone 8 0.040 0.036 0.004 0.003 0.031

Case name Bulk volume[*109 rm3] Net volume[*109 rm3] Pore volume[*109 rm3] HCPV[*109 rm3] GIIP[TSCF]Extremely High 5.748 5.471 1.083 1.009 10.061HighCaseSTEEP 5.748 5.471 0.979 0.893 8.897HighCaseGENTLE 5.749 5.390 0.884 0.810 8.073HighCaseFLAT 5.749 5.357 0.827 0.758 7.553BaseCaseSTEEP 5.152 4.956 0.914 0.833 8.305BaseCaseGENTLE 5.151 4.883 0.848 0.775 7.726BaseCaseFLAT 5.151 4.832 0.786 0.720 7.180LowCaseSTEEP 4.262 4.109 0.775 0.703 7.012LowCaseGENTLE 4.262 4.067 0.724 0.661 6.585LowCaseFLAT 4.261 4.032 0.686 0.627 6.247Extremely Low 4.261 4.032 0.609 0.549 5.470

Deterministic Volumetric

GIIP w/o Inert[TSCF]7.8486.9406.2975.8916.4786.0265.6005.4695.1364.8734.267

Uncertainty Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

Probability Realization GWC Porosity Water Saturation GIIP[TSCF] GIIP w/o Inert (TSCF)

P1 5 ‐3095 PHIT_SGS_Hi SW_LAMBDA_HHH 10.061 7.848

P10 11 ‐3035 PHIT_SGS_Base SW_LAMBDA_HBB 8.991 7.013

P41 10 ‐3035 PHIT_SGS_Base SW_LAMBDA_BBB 7.726 6.026

P50 5 ‐3095 PHIT_SGS_Hi SW_LAMBDA_HHH 7.451 5.812

P90 27 ‐3032 PHIT_SGS_Lo SW_LAMBDA_LLL 6.245 4.871

P99 27 ‐3032 PHIT_SGS_Lo SW_LAMBDA_LLL 5.470 4.267