Examining the challenges in mainstreaming climate change into development plans: Lessons learned from Lebanon Mrs. Lea Kai Aboujaoude Nov 5, 2018
Examining the challenges in mainstreaming
climate change into development plans:
Lessons learned from Lebanon
Mrs. Lea Kai AboujaoudeNov 5, 2018
How did climate change arrive near the
top of the international agenda?
Rio 1992
UNFCCC 1994
Kyoto 1997
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The IPCC
• Established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988.
• Open to all governments belonging to UNEP and WMO. Currently 192 countries are members.
The IPCC
• IPCC does not carry out research or monitor climate
• Maintains rigorous procedures for assessing the progress in understanding climate change. Assessments are based mainly on already published, peer reviewed literature.
• Integrates scientific and governmental review
• Characterizes the scientific consensus relating to key policy statements
• Sustains a framework for repeated assessments
IPCC - Special Report on 1.5 Degrees
The numbers
49% emission reduction levels by 2030
100% carbon neutrality by 2050
85% of the world’s electricity through wind and solar power by 2050,
12 years remaining to limit climate change catastrophe
Today Tomorrow
What can we do about it?
Climate change mainstreaming
The informed inclusion of relevant
environmental concerns into the decisions
of institutions that drive national, local and
sectoral development policy, rules, plans,
investment and action.
From Dalal-Clayton and Bass (2009)
Examples of climate mainstreaming
Main elements for efficient
mainstreaming
Generate
accurate
relevant
information
Transform
outputs into
sector
specific
information
Identify entry
points in
planning
Include in
strategies
Country profile
Population : 4.5 Million
Surface area: 10,452 km2
Coastline: 225 km
Main economical sectors :
Service 45%
Trade 23%
Industry 12%
Agriculture 5%
Party to UNFCCC: 1994
Party to Kyoto: 2006
Party to Paris: Soon
3.From Assessment
Outputs …
Assessment Outputs
National
communications
and BURs
Lebanon’s greenhouse gas emission inventory
+26 million tonnes CO2eq.
Total emissions in 2012
-3 million tonnes CO2Removals from Forests
Main sources of air pollution
Economic and social burden
National crisis
Emission reduction in 2030
-20%
to
-40%
Transport
10-20%
Energy
66-70%
Waste
12-20%
Pollution
Cost
Quality of life
Increase in temperatures
Sourc
e |
Adapte
d f
rom
ESCW
A,
2015
RCP4.5 (2046-2065) RCP8.5 (2046-2065)
RCP8.5 (2081-2100)RCP4.5 (2081-2100)
Decrease in precipitations
Sourc
e |
Adapte
d f
rom
ESCW
A,
2015
RCP4.5 (2046-2065) RCP8.5 (2046-2065)
RCP4.5 (2081-2100) RCP8.5 (2081-2100)
Assessment Outputs
National
communications
and BURs
- Most emitting sectors
- Most vulnerable sectors
- Barriers and challenges
- Technical, capacity building
and financial needs
- Institutional changes
- Coordination mechanisms
Assessment Outputs
National
communications
and BURs
- Most emitting sectors
- Most vulnerable sectors
- Barriers and challenges
- Technical, capacity building
and financial needs
- Institutional changes
- Coordination mechanisms
Assessment Outputs
National
communications
and BURs
Technology needs
assessment
- Priority mitigation and
adaptation sectors
- Priority technology
Prioritized sectors
Power
Agriculture
Transport
Water
Vulnerability
Emissions
Assessment Outputs
National
communications
and BURs
Technology needs
assessment
Economic cost
of climate change
- Climate change bill on the
Lebanese economy
- Most vulnerable sectors from
another perspective
300
10 13
470
213 7
22
110
47,200 177,900
62
29
5938 43
22
57
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500Costs in 2020(million USD)
Assessment Outputs
National
communications
and BURs
Technology needs
assessment
Economic cost
of climate change
Desrisking of
Climate change
- Deploy the
market of RE in a
cost effective
way for the
government
Main results
How does the deployment of the selected public instrument package
… catalyse private sector investment ?
… generate economy-wide savings?
… increase the affordability of RE for end-users?
… benefit the environment?
2030 investment target:
300 MW utility-scale solar
PV
estimated at USD 46m
…
… of USD 279m
… of USD 97m over 20 years
… by lowering the LCOE from USD 10 cents to 8.2 cents per
kWh
… by reducing carbon emissions by -5.2 million tonnes over 20
years
2.… to appropriate
climate policies
Climatizing national partners
MoA’s 2015-2019 plan: responding to climate change impacts;
MoA’s National Afforestation and Reforestation Program; “Adapt the forest and agriculture systems in Lebanon to climate change”;
MoEW’s National Water Sector Strategy: improving climate change knowledge, and its implications on water and its vulnerability;
MoE’s biodiversity strategy: “By 2030, vulnerable ecosystems to climate change are identified and adaptation plans are developed and implemented”;
Consulted on other policies, LDN, air quality etc.
I·N·D·C
Intended Nationally Determined
Contribution
Countries publicly outline what climate
actions they intend to take under a new
international agreement by 2030.
Lebanon’s INDC
Cut CO2 emissions
15%
30%
Unconditional target
Conditional to finance, technical support
and capacity building
2030
3.… while building a
solid network
INDC development
Cost
estimation
Adaptation need
INDC
Current and future
national policiesClimate change policies that are needed
Sectoral
assessment of
policies and plans
Reduction
potential
GHG inventory
Impact and
vulnerability
assessment
Indentifying
technologies
Indentifying
Barriers
Sustainable
Stakeholder
Engagement
Most Valuable By-Product
Collective Dynamic Iterative
Using agendas and work of other ministries to
integrate the TNA, NAMA, policies, LEDS, INDC
Conducting targeted meetings with our sustainable
stakeholders
Conducting meetings under patronage of other
ministries
• Involvement at an early stage and at every step of the
process
• Involvement of all sectors, set official focal points
• Define roles: from passive interaction to self mobilization -data providing, data and results validation, expert judgment
• Create personal contacts
• Explore expectations, build trust, create network
• Draft their ideas/suggestions into policies
• Obtain official endorsement