Examining Parts of a Plant 8 th Grade Exploring Agriculture Resources: .

Examining Parts of a Plant

8th Grade Exploring AgricultureResources: http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/parts.html

Student Learning Objectives

1. Describe the parts of the plant. 2. Identify the reproductive structures of

plants that exist in the flower. 3. Describe the difference between

monocot and dicot flowers. 4. Explain the difference between

pollination and fertilization. 5. Describe environmental factors that

can influence the beginning of the flowering process.

Terms

Anther Anthesis Complete flower Dicot Fertilization Filament Flower Fruit Imperfect flower Incomplete flower

Leaves Monocot Ovaries Ovule Perfect flower Petal Photoperiodism Phytochrome Pistil Pistillate flower

Terms cont.

Parts of a Plant

RootsRoots act like straws absorbing water and

minerals from the soil. Tiny root hairs stick out of the root, helping in

the absorption. Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it

does not fall over. Roots also store extra food for future use.

StemsStems do many things. They support the plant. They act like the plant's plumbing system,

conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose from the leaves to other plant parts.

Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.

Parts of a Plant

Types of Stems

Herbaceous: Plants with stems that are usually soft and

bendable. Herbaceous stems die back to the ground

every year. Woody:

Plants with stems, such as tree trunks, that are hard and do not bend easily.

Woody stems usually don't die back to the ground each year.

Celery Sticks

A celery stalk, the part of celery that we eat, is a special part of the leaf structure called a petiole. A petiole is a small stalk attaching the leaf blade of a plant to the stem.

In celery, the petiole serves many of the same functions as a stem. It's easy to see the "pipes" that conduct water and nutrients in a stalk of celery.

Here the "pipes" are dyed red so you can easily see them

Parts of a Plant

LeavesMost plants' food is made in their leaves. Leaves are designed to capture sunlight

which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.

Parts of a Plant

FlowersFlowers are the reproductive part of most

plants. Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs called

ovules. After pollination of the flower and fertilization

of the ovule, the ovule develops into a fruit.

Parts of a FlowerFlower - reproductive part of

flowering plants

Parts of a Flower cont…Sepals - green-like structures

beneath the petals; offer protection to developing bud

Sepal

Parts of a Flower cont…Petals - usually brightly colored;

attract pollinatorsPetal

Parts of a Flower cont…Stamens - male reproductive

part of flowerStamen

Parts of a Flower cont…Pistil - female reproductive part

of the flower

Pistil

Reproductive StructuresStamen

Anther - produces the pollenFilament - stalk which supports the anther

Reproductive Structures cont…Pistil

Stigma - has sticky surface to capture pollen

Style - tube-like; connects stigma with the ovary

Ovary - contains the ovules

Groups of flowersComplete flower - has all four major parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils).

Incomplete flower - lack one or more of the major parts

Perfect flower – contains both stamens and pistils

Groups of flowers cont…Imperfect flower - lacks either stamens or pistils

Pistillate flower - has pistils but no stamens

Staminate flower - has stamens but no pistils

Monocot vs. DicotMonocots - flower parts in

multiples of 3

Dicots - flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Pollination and FertilizationPollination - when a

pollinator transfers pollen grains from anther to stigma

Fertilization - when pollen fuses with the egg cell

VIDEO: http://www.unitedstreaming.com Keyword: Pollen Trip; Title: The Pollen Trip

Influence on Flower Formation

Photoperiodism - growth response of a plant to the length of day

Vernalization - process by which floral induction in some plants is promoted by exposing the plants to cool temperatures for a certain length of time

Phytochrome - pigment in cytoplasm of green plants; associated with the absorption of light that affects growth, development, and differentiation including flowering of a plant, independent of photosynthesis

Anthesis - release of pollen from the anther

Parts of a Plant

FruitFruit provides a covering for seeds. Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a

nut. Seeds

Seeds contain new plants. Seeds form in fruit.

Review/Summary

What are the major parts of flowers? What reproductive structures exist in the flower

and what are their functions? How is a monocot flower different from a dicot

flower? What is the difference between pollination and

fertilization? Describe environmental factors that can

influence the beginning of the flowering process.