Examination on the Efficacy of Noah-Multiparameterization(Noah-MP) as a New Land Model in Earth Systems Modeling Nick Rubel 1 , Guo − Yue Niu 2 , Ning Ma 2 1 Undergraduate STEM Teacher and Researcher, University of Texas at Arlington 2 Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona Earth Scientists use many different tools at their disposal to help them make predictions, test hypotheses, and . These tools are as follows: When it comes to modeling, there are two basic types: An Earth Systems model is an example of a mathematical model that divides the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, land and sea ice into many grid-boxes. They include numerical descriptions of the energy cycle, carbon cycle, and the water cycle (driven by the energy cycle). What is an Earth Systems Model? Direct Measurements Indirect Measurements Figure 1—A device that measure amount of precipitation Figure 2—RADAR used to determine direction and speed of a tornado Physical Models Mathematical Models Figure 3—Biosphere 2 Figure 4— Hydrological Model What is Noah-MP? Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah- MP) is a computer model that deals with energy water, and carbon cycles over land. Multiparameterization means that many different “schemes” were included in the development of Noah-MP. These schemes are empirical equations based on physical experiments. These schemes include Runoff schemes, Soil hydrology schemes, Vegetation dynamics (e.g. plant photosynthesis, respiration, and related nitrogen cycle). The parameters in Noah- MP are vegetation type (i.e. stomatal conductance), and soil type (i.e. hydraulic parameters) How Does Noah-MP Work? • Take data from a site like the Amazon Rain forest • Wind speed/direction, Temp., Humidity, etc. Data Collection • Spin up data by copying it • Run Noah-MP model Run Data Through Program • Years worth of data for many variables is outputted • Analyze data Output Variables Results an Discussion In general, the model produced data that was either overestimated or underestimated compared to the observed data. This can be seen in the graphs above. Latent heat flux (QFX) was overestimated and sensible heat flux (FSH) was underestimated. However, since these two variables are each components in the total Net Radiation, they averaged out to produce data that was quite similar to the observed data. This pattern of over and underestimation was produced in the other outputted variables as well. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 W/M^2 DATE Latent Heat Flux OBS SIM 55 75 95 115 135 155 W/M^2 DATE Sensible Heat Flux OBS SIM 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 01/2001 02/2001 03/2001 04/2001 05/2001 06/2001 07/2001 08/2001 09/2001 10/2001 11/2001 12/2001 01/2002 02/2002 03/2002 04/2002 05/2002 06/2002 07/2002 08/2002 09/2002 10/2002 11/2002 12/2002 01/2003 02/2003 03/2003 04/2003 05/2003 06/2003 07/2003 08/2003 09/2003 10/2003 11/2003 12/2003 W/M^2 DATE Net Radiation OBS SIM Figure 5—Latent heat flux is the portion of net radiation that is partitioned for evapotranspiration Figure 6—Sensible heat flux is the portion of net radiation that is partitioned for heat used to heat up the lower atmosphere Figure 7—Net radiation is the total absorbed energy by the land surface (energy from the sun and near-infrared radiation from the atmosphere) Conclusions Noah-MP is well on its way to becoming a viable tool for Earth Scientists to use. The over and underestimations of the data indicate the error(s) may be consistent and, therefore relatively easy to fix (e.g. change tree root depth to make it more dynamic). More regions need to be tested. And the same regions need to be tested again with different data (to test resistance to drought, etc.). This data only represents a small portion of the work that needs to be done. It has been coupled with the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for weather prediction and short-term climate predictions. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program under grant# 1546150. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The research was made possible by the California State University STEM Teacher Research Program in partnership with Cal Poly and Biosphere 2. References [1]Niu, Guo-Yue, Zong-Liang Yang, and Kenneth E. Mitchell, et al. "The Community Noah Land Surface Model with Multiparameterization Options (Noah-MP): 1. Model Description and Evaluation with Local-scale Measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research (2011): n. pag. Web. 15 June 2016. [2] Zong-Liang Yang, Guo-Yue Niu, Kenneth E. Mitchell, Fei Chen, Michael B. Ek, et al.. The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 2. Evaluation over global river basins. Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2011, 116, pp.12110. <10.1029/2010JD015140>. <hal-00708063>
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Examination on the Efficacy of Noah-Multiparameterization(Noah-MP) as a New Land Model in Earth Systems Modeling
Nick Rubel1, Guo − Yue Niu2, Ning Ma21Undergraduate STEM Teacher and Researcher, University of Texas at Arlington
2Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
Earth Scientists use many different tools at their disposal to help
them make predictions, test hypotheses, and .
These tools are as follows:
When it comes to modeling, there are two basic types:
An Earth Systems model is an example of a mathematical model
that divides the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, land and sea ice into
many grid-boxes. They include numerical descriptions of the
energy cycle, carbon cycle, and the water cycle (driven by the
energy cycle).
What is an Earth Systems Model?
Direct Measurements Indirect Measurements
Figure 1—A device that measure amount of
precipitation
Figure 2—RADAR used to determine direction and
speed of a tornado
Physical Models Mathematical Models
Figure 3—Biosphere 2 Figure 4—Hydrological Model
What is Noah-MP?
Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-
MP) is a computer model that deals with
energy water, and carbon cycles over
land. Multiparameterization means that
many different “schemes” were included
in the development of Noah-MP. These
schemes are empirical equations based
on physical experiments. These schemes
include Runoff schemes, Soil hydrology
schemes, Vegetation dynamics (e.g. plant
photosynthesis, respiration, and related
nitrogen cycle). The parameters in Noah-
MP are vegetation type (i.e. stomatal
conductance), and soil type (i.e. hydraulic
parameters)
How Does Noah-MP Work?
• Take data from a site like the Amazon Rain forest
• Wind speed/direction, Temp., Humidity, etc.
Data Collection
• Spin up data by copying it
• Run Noah-MP model
Run Data Through Program
• Years worth of data for many variables is outputted
• Analyze data
Output Variables
Results an Discussion
In general, the model produced data that was either overestimated or
underestimated compared to the observed data. This can be seen in
the graphs above. Latent heat flux (QFX) was overestimated and
sensible heat flux (FSH) was underestimated. However, since these
two variables are each components in the total Net Radiation, they
averaged out to produce data that was quite similar to the observed
data. This pattern of over and underestimation was produced in the
other outputted variables as well.
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
W/M
^2
DATE
Latent Heat Flux
OBS SIM
55
75
95
115
135
155
W/M
^2
DATE
Sensible Heat Flux
OBS SIM
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W/M
^2
DATE
Net Radiation
OBS SIM
Figure 5—Latent heat flux is the portion of net radiation that is partitioned for
evapotranspiration
Figure 6—Sensible heat flux is the portion of net radiation that is partitioned for heat used to heat
up the lower atmosphere
Figure 7—Net radiation is the total absorbed energy by the land surface (energy from the sun and near-infrared radiation from the atmosphere)
Conclusions
Noah-MP is well on its way to becoming a viable tool for Earth Scientists to use. The over and underestimations of the data indicate the error(s) may be consistent and, therefore
relatively easy to fix (e.g. change tree root depth to make it more dynamic). More regions need to be tested. And the same regions need to be tested again with different data (to test
resistance to drought, etc.). This data only represents a small portion of the work that needs to be done. It has been coupled with the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
for weather prediction and short-term climate predictions.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program under grant# 1546150. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The research was made possible by the California State University STEM Teacher Research Program in partnership with Cal Poly and Biosphere 2.
References[1]Niu, Guo-Yue, Zong-Liang Yang, and Kenneth E. Mitchell, et al. "The Community Noah Land Surface Model with Multiparameterization Options (Noah-MP): 1. Model Description and Evaluation with Local-scale Measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research (2011): n. pag. Web. 15 June 2016. [2] Zong-Liang Yang, Guo-Yue Niu, Kenneth E. Mitchell, Fei Chen, Michael B. Ek, et al.. The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 2. Evaluation over global river basins. Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2011, 116, pp.12110. <10.1029/2010JD015140>. <hal-00708063>
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