Quantitative graphs from: The Economics of Poverty History, Measurement, and Policy (Oxford University Press 2016) Martin Ravallion Department of Economics, Georgetown University Washington DC., U.S.A. [email protected]This file gives the quantitative graphs only (as these are hard to reproduce otherwise). The Figures that are used to illustrate concepts in the book are not included here. If no source is given then it is based on my calculations. References are found in the book. This is not intended to be a self-contained document. In many cases you will need the text from the book to fully understand the graph. I have not updated any figures from the book in the light of new data. I do have some updates available, but best to ask me as this changes overtime.
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Quantitative graphs from:
The Economics of PovertyHistory, Measurement, and Policy
(Oxford University Press 2016)
Martin RavallionDepartment of Economics, Georgetown University
This file gives the quantitative graphs only (as these are hard to reproduce otherwise). The Figures that are used to illustrate concepts in the book are not included here.
If no source is given then it is based on my calculations. References are found in the book.
This is not intended to be a self-contained document. In many cases you will need the text from the book to fully understand the graph.
I have not updated any figures from the book in the light of new data. I do have some updates available, but best to ask me as this changes overtime.
Sources: Author’s calculations from the data base used by Bourguignon and Morrisson (2002) (kindly provided by the authors) and from Chen and Ravallion (2010a).
Figure 2.2: Official poverty rates for the US
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
100% of the official line125% of the official line150% of the official line
Official poverty rates for the U.S. (% of people below poverty line)
Figure 7.21: Grade 6 school completion rates for the richest and poorest quintiles across developing countries
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Overall meanPoorest quintileRichest quintile
Pro
porti
on o
f 15-
19 y
ear o
lds
who
hav
e co
mpl
eted
gra
de 6
Proportion of 15-19 year olds who have completed grade 6 Source: Estimates from World Bank site: “Educational Attainment and Enrollment Around the World . ”
Source: Author’s calculations from the data underlying Figure 7.21. Horizontal axis as in Figure
7.21.
37
Figure 7.23: Access to basic services
Water Electricity Sanitation0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
26%
49%
20%
56%
87%
61%
Poor Non-PoorPe
rcen
tage
of p
opul
ation
with
ac
cess
Source: Olinto et at. (2013)
38
Figure 7.24: Relationship between obesity incidence and poverty across states of the U.S.
15
20
25
30
35
40
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Poverty rate for 2010-12 from the U.S. Census Bureau
Obesity rateControlling for mean/median
Obesity incidence in 2012 (% with BMI>30)
r=0.44
r=0.75
District of Columbia
Louisiana
New Hampshire
Source: Author’s calculations from the data sources in text.
39
Figure 7.25: Age profiles for the developing world’s poor compared to the non-poor
Poor Non-Poor0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
34%20%
13%
13%
47%59%
5% 8%
> 60
19-60
13-18
0-12Perc
enta
ge b
y ag
e gr
oup
in y
ears
Source: Olinto et al. (2013).
40
Figure 7.26: Lifetime prevalence of reported sexual violence among women
Africa
South-Ea
st Asia
Easter
n Med
iterra
nean
Americas
High in
come
Western
Pacific
Euro
pe0
5
10
15
20
2530
35
40
45
50 % of women 15 years and older
Source: WHO (2013b).
41
Figure 8.1: Growth and poverty reduction in the developing world
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Absolute povertyRelative poverty
Growth rate in survey mean (% per annum)
Proportionate change in poverty measure (% per annum)
Source: Author’s calculations. Each data point is a region-year combination spanning 1981-2010.
42
Figure 8.2: The concept of inequality matters to assessing whether inequality rises in growing developing economies
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
-12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Growth rate of consumption per person from national accounts (% per year)
Relative Gini indexAbsolute Gini index
Change in Gini index (% points per year)
Absolute (r=0.51)
Relative (r=-0.21)
Note: Absolute Gini indices scaled by mean between initial and final years.Source: Author’s calculations on updating the data set used by Ravallion (2003a).
43
Figure 8.3: Headcount indices across countries plotted against urban population shares
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Urban share of the population (%)
Nat
iona
l hea
dcou
nt in
dex
of p
over
ty (%
bel
ow $
2 a
day)
Source: Author’s calculations from the data set of Ravallion et al. (2007). Countries and dates are pooled.
Sources: Author’s calculations from the data base used by Bourguignon and Morrisson (2002) (provided by the authors) and from Chen and Ravallion (2010a).
45
Figure 1, Box 8.17: Poverty rate in China since 1980
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012
Poverty rate (% living below $1.25 a day at 2005 PPP)
Source: Author’s calculations from the data set developed by Ravallion and Chen (2013a)
46
Figure 8.5: Poverty rates for the developing world outside China
Safety net coverage for poorest quintile (%)Safety net coverage for whole population (%)
Poorest quintile
Population
Source: Safety net spending includes social insurance and social assistance, including workfare programs. Social safety net coverage rates for poorest quintile (poorest 20% ranked by household income per person) from the World Bank’s ASPIRE site: http://datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/indicator_glance. The data are available for 109 countries; the latest available year is used when more than one survey is available. GDP from World Development Indicators.