Ex 13. Articulations- joints - hold bones together - Allows for movement Classified based on - Structure - functionality.

Ex 13

Articulations- joints- hold bones together - Allows for movement

Classified based on- Structure- functionality

Functional classifications Synarthroses – immovable Amphiarthroses- slightly movable Diarthroses-freely movable

Types of Joints

Fibrous Joints- Bones joined by fibrous tissue, no

joint cavity- sutures- Syndesmoses (articulating bones are

connected by ligaments - tibia and fibula)

- Gomphosis- tooth in socket

Cartilaginous Joints-articulating bone ends are connected

by a plate or pad of cartilage- symphyses- bones connected by a broad flat disc of fibrocartilage (intvert. Joints)

- synchondroses- bones are untied by hyaline cartilage (costal cart. And first rib)

Synovial Joints- Articulating ends are separated by a

joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Gliding joint

Manubrium

Clavicle

Hinge joint

Humerus

Ulna

Pivot joint

Atlas

Axis

Ellipsoid joint

Radius Ulna

Scaphoidbone

Saddle joint

Trapezium

Metacarpalbone ofthumb

HumerusScapula

Ball-and-socket joint

Triaxial

Biaxial

Biaxial

Monaxial(rotation)

Monaxial

Slight nonaxialor multiaxial

• Acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints

• Intercarpal and intertarsal joints

• Vertebrocostal joints

• Sacroiliac joints

• Elbow joint

• Knee joint

• Ankle joint

• Interphalangeal joint

• Atlas/axis

• Proximal radio-ulnarjoint

• Metacarpophalangeal joints 2–5

• Metatarsophalangealjoints

• Radiocarpal joint

• First carpometacarpaljoint

• Shoulder joint

• Hip joint

III III

Joint Movements

Every muscle that is attached a bone has two points:

Origin- stationaryInsertion-movable attachment

Hyperextension

Hyperextension

Hyperextension

Extension

Extension

Extension

Flexion

Flexion

Flexion

Flexion

Extension

Abduction

Abduction

AbductionAdduction

Adduction

Adduction

AbductionAdduction

Circumduction

Head rotation

Rightrotation

Leftrotation

Medial(internal)rotation

Lateral(external)

rotation

Supination

Supination

Pronation

Pronation

Eversion Inversion

Dorsiflexion(ankle flexion)

Plantarflexion

(ankle extenion)

Opposition

Retraction Protraction

Depression Elevation

Lateral flexion

Synovial JointsHip Joint- Ball and socket- Movement in all planesKnee Joint- Three different types of joints- Movements: extension, flexion, and rotationShoulder Joint-most freely moving-movements: flexion, extension, abduction ,

adduction, circumduction, and inner and outer rotation

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)-two different joins