Applying the European Water Framework Directive (2000) and addressing water allocation issues with economic tools in the Guadalquivir (South Spain) Miguel Llamazares Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan –Ministry of Water and Irrigation Agence Française de Développement – French Agency for Development Marseille Center for Mediterranean Integration Environment and Development of the Mediterranean
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Applying the European Water Framework Directive (2000) and addressing water allocation issues with economic tools in the Guadalquivir (South Spain)
Miguel Llamazares
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – Ministry of Water and Irrigation
Agence Française de
Développement –
French Agency
for Development
Marseille Center
for Mediterranean IntegrationEnvironment and
Development of the
Mediterranean
RECENT EVOLUTION AND
BACKGROUND
1
Background
• Guadalquivir river:
– South Spain
– Mediterranean climate
– 25% Spanish irrigated area
– Competitive agriculture (olive,
citrus, field crops)
– Average rain 580 mm
– Average irrigation dose: 3800 m3/ha
• Historically irrigated since roman
colonization, strong Al-Andalus
influence
• 1985 Water Law
• 1998 Hydrological Plan
• 2000 WFD
• 2005 No new irrigated area
allowed
• 2005-2008 Moderate draught,
water markets
• 2011 Draft Hydrological Plan
presented
• 2015 PoM implemented
Irrigation area increase
4
Reduction in average dose (m3/ha)
Gross water use Abril/Oct. (2011, own estimation).
6.091
-31%
Date Area (ha) Increase (ha) m3/ha Increase m3/ha Use (hm3) Increase hm3
1992 (PHC) 443.024 -- 6.485 -- 2.874 --
2004 (ETI) 801.157 81% 4.350 -33% 3.485 21%
2008 (P.H) 845.000 92% 3.720 -43% 3.162 10%
Summary: hetereogeneity
6
Closed basins
Water saving as
an endogenous
response to
scarcity
Endogenous
Cost increase
IMPACT OF INCREASED WATER
COST AND SCARCITY
2
Evolution of demand in Guadalquivir
8
Technical change (water
saving)
Cost increase
Demand is
more ‘rigid’
Increase productivity
Reduced dose
No more irrigated area
allowed since 2005
Evidence I: Water savings Guadalquivir mixed cropping
Irrigation units with coloured bars save water by three combined
Increase in policy and control of abstraction 0,017 0,068 80,38
Increase in cost of irrigation water 0,107 1,097 2,20
Volumetric tariff in irrigation 0,162 1,050 5,90
Extension services for irrigators 0,390 2,416 1,58
Improvement of urban networks 0,480 9,868 2,19
Irrigation systems and network improvement
0,663 4,883 35,26
Urban water cost increase 1,055 1,936 9,58
(1) Wet-Savings; (2) ‘Dry savings’= 137, 09
Evolution of cost and tariffs
196%
Tariffs and cost
Annual equivalent cost
Summary (1)
• Globally 67% of Cost (EMC) of PdM is supported directly by users with increase in tariffs and internal cost, rest is supported by Public administration (public services)
• Cost recovery in high-level water services
– Cost recovery 100% of new investment (Breña,…)
– Improvement in cost recovery (high) from 79% al 87%
• High level of global cost increase
– Urban users cost increase (circa 8% yearly)
– Farmer cost of water increase 160%
Summary (2)
Guadalquivir
Program of
Measures UnitsInvestment 5.502,3 million euros
Equivalent Annual cost 618,8 million euros/year
Increase urban services 281,2 million euros/year
Increase irrigation services 147,7 million euros/yearper