Evolution vs. Science & the Bible (Lesson 7) Part I: The Age of the Earth Part II: Dinosaurs.

Evolution vs. Science Evolution vs. Science & the Bible& the Bible

(Lesson 7)(Lesson 7)

Part I: The Age of the EarthPart I: The Age of the Earth

Part II: DinosaursPart II: Dinosaurs

AGE OF THE EARTHAGE OF THE EARTH

Dating Rocks and Fossils

Fundamental unit of matterFundamental unit of matter Made up of components called subatomic Made up of components called subatomic

particlesparticles Proton (positive charge)Proton (positive charge) Neutron (no electrical charge)Neutron (no electrical charge) Electron (negative charge)Electron (negative charge)

ElectronElectron

NucleusNucleus

The AtomThe Atom

Used only on organic materialUsed only on organic material Cannot be used to date rocksCannot be used to date rocks Maximum age limit about 60,000 yearsMaximum age limit about 60,000 years

What Is Carbon?What Is Carbon? Carbon-14 is also referred to as:Carbon-14 is also referred to as:

C-14C-14 RadiocarbonRadiocarbon

Types of carbon (isotopes)Types of carbon (isotopes)

14

6

9

6

16

6

Atomic massAtomic mass

Atomic numberAtomic number

An atom is generally stable if the number of protons equals the number of neutrons in the nucleus

Unstable isotopes Unstable isotopes (Atoms)(Atoms)

Atom (Isotope)Atom (Isotope) ProtonsProtons NeutronsNeutrons

Stable CarbonStable Carbon 66 66

Stable NitrogenStable Nitrogen 77 77

Stable OxygenStable Oxygen 88 88

Carbon 14 6 8

What is Radioactive Decay?What is Radioactive Decay?

The proton number (atomic number) must The proton number (atomic number) must changechange

14

6

14

7

How long does this take?

The nucleus of an atom (decays) changes into a new element

The half-life of C-14 is 5,730 yearsThe half-life of C-14 is 5,730 years

The rate of decay is measured by how long it takes for half an element to decay (half-life)

What is Half-Life?What is Half-Life?

Half-Life IllustrationHalf-Life Illustration

Time = 0

C-14

5,730 years1 half-life

N-14

C-14

11,460 years2 half-lives

N-14

C-14

1/2

1/2

3/4

How Carbon-14 Is ProducedHow Carbon-14 Is Produced

Cosmic Rays (radiation)

Collision with atmosphere (N14)

Forms C-14 C-14 combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2)

Carbon-14 Life CycleCarbon-14 Life Cycle

14

6

14

7

14

7

Cosmic radiation

Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere

Carbon-14 decays into Nitrogen-14

Starting the Carbon Dating Starting the Carbon Dating ClockClock

Once a plant or animal dies Once a plant or animal dies the clock startsthe clock starts

Organism dies

No more C-14 intake

Organism dies

No more C-14 intake

C-14 continues to decay

C-14 continues to decay

1.1. There is a lot of C-14 remaining in the fossil There is a lot of C-14 remaining in the fossil

2.2. There is very little C-14 remaining in the There is very little C-14 remaining in the fossil fossil

3.3. There is no detectable C-14 in the fossilThere is no detectable C-14 in the fossil

The C-14 dating method relies on measuring the amount of C-14 in the fossil

The C-14 dating method relies on measuring the amount of C-14 in the fossil

How the Carbon Clock How the Carbon Clock WorksWorks

Three ScenariosThree Scenarios

1.1. How fast it decays (measured in half-lives). How fast it decays (measured in half-lives). This is known (5,730 years).This is known (5,730 years).

2.2. The starting amount of C-14 in the fossil.The starting amount of C-14 in the fossil.

What do we need to know to determine how many half-lives have expired?

What do we need to know to determine how many half-lives have expired?

A critical DetailA critical Detail

What We Need to KnowWhat We Need to Know

Understanding the Starting PointUnderstanding the Starting Point

The candle is burning at 1 inch per hourThe candle is burning at 1 inch per hour How long has the candle been burning?How long has the candle been burning?

IllustrationIllustration You enter a room and see a burning candle

We need to know the starting height

of the candle

We need to know the starting

amount of C-14

Determining the Starting Determining the Starting AmountAmount

There are two types of carbon used in the dating There are two types of carbon used in the dating process: C-12 and C-14process: C-12 and C-14

C-12 is a stable isotope (it does not decay)C-12 is a stable isotope (it does not decay)

When an organism is alive it has the same ratio When an organism is alive it has the same ratio (C-12 to C-14) that is found in the atmosphere (C-12 to C-14) that is found in the atmosphere (1-trillion to 1)(1-trillion to 1)

Has the ratio of C-12 to C-14 Has the ratio of C-12 to C-14 always been the same (1-trillion to 1)?always been the same (1-trillion to 1)?

If this assumption is true then carbon-14 dating is a reliable dating method

If this assumption is false then carbon-14 dating is not a reliable dating method

This is a key assumptionThis is a key assumptionThis is a key assumptionThis is a key assumption

A Critical AssumptionA Critical Assumption

Cosmic ray penetration of the earth’s Cosmic ray penetration of the earth’s atmosphereatmosphere

The COThe CO22 levels in the atmosphere levels in the atmosphere

The Genesis FloodThe Genesis Flood

Factors that would cause dates to appear older than they actually are include:

Factors that would cause dates to appear older than they actually are include:

Factors Affecting Carbon-14 Factors Affecting Carbon-14 DatingDating

This buried carbon (This buried carbon (mostly C-12mostly C-12) is about 100 ) is about 100 times the total carbon in the present biospheretimes the total carbon in the present biosphere

What does this mean?What does this mean?

The COThe CO2 2 level in the pre-Flood biosphere was level in the pre-Flood biosphere was

different (a higher ratio of C-12 to C-14)different (a higher ratio of C-12 to C-14) C-14 dates using the present ratio of C12/C14 will C-14 dates using the present ratio of C12/C14 will

give incorrect ages – ages that are too oldgive incorrect ages – ages that are too old

The Genesis Flood buried much carbon from living organisms to form coal and oil

Atmospheric Levels of Atmospheric Levels of CarbonCarbon

C-14 and Recent DatesC-14 and Recent Dates

Ancient human skeletons, when dated by Ancient human skeletons, when dated by the new Accelerator Mass Spectrometer the new Accelerator Mass Spectrometer technique, give surprisingly recent dates. technique, give surprisingly recent dates. In one study of eleven sets of ancient In one study of eleven sets of ancient human bones, all were dated at about human bones, all were dated at about 5,000 radiocarbon years or less.5,000 radiocarbon years or less.

R. E. Taylor, “Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American human Skeletons by C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry”, American Antiquity, Vol. 50, 1985, pp. 136-140.

Carbon-14 SummaryCarbon-14 Summary Carbon-14 can only be used to date organic Carbon-14 can only be used to date organic

materialmaterial Carbon-14 dating accuracy is dependent upon a Carbon-14 dating accuracy is dependent upon a

consistent ratio between C-12 and C-14 consistent ratio between C-12 and C-14 (equilibrium)(equilibrium)

The assumption of equilibrium is The assumption of equilibrium is FALSEFALSE There are factors that can affect C-14 in the There are factors that can affect C-14 in the

atmosphere (Genesis Flood)atmosphere (Genesis Flood) Ancient fossils as well as coal contain C-14 Ancient fossils as well as coal contain C-14

residueresidue

RadioisotopeDating Methods

Dating Rocks

What are they and how do they operate?

What is the basic perception?

How accurate are they?

Are there any hidden assumptions?

What are they and how do they operate?

What is the basic perception?

How accurate are they?

Are there any hidden assumptions?

DecayUranium Lead

Potassium ArgonDecay

Parent Parent elementelement Daughter elementDaughter element

Radioactive DecayRadioactive Decay

Used to date igneous and metamorphic rocks (basalt)Used to date igneous and metamorphic rocks (basalt) Cannot be used on sedimentary rocks (limestone, Cannot be used on sedimentary rocks (limestone,

sandstone, and shale)sandstone, and shale)

238U

234Th

234Pa

234U

230Th

206Pb

210Po

Radioisotope DatingRadioisotope Dating

2.2. All the daughter element is due to All the daughter element is due to radioactive decayradioactive decay

3.3. The sample was always in a closed The sample was always in a closed environmentenvironment

4.4. The decay rate has always been constantThe decay rate has always been constant

Four AssumptionsFour Assumptions1.1. The starting amount of daughter element is knownThe starting amount of daughter element is known

Potassium Argon

Parent Element Daughter Element

Sunset Crater, Northern ArizonaSunset Crater, Northern Arizona Potassium-argon: 200,000+Potassium-argon: 200,000+ Reality: AD 1065Reality: AD 1065

Lava flows at Mt. Ngaurhoe, New Lava flows at Mt. Ngaurhoe, New ZealandZealand Potassium-argon: 275,000Potassium-argon: 275,000 Reality: 1949, 1954, 1975Reality: 1949, 1954, 1975

Hualalai basalt, HawaiiHualalai basalt, Hawaii Potassium-argon: 1.4 – 22 millionPotassium-argon: 1.4 – 22 million Reality: AD 1801Reality: AD 1801

Mt. Etna basalt, SicilyMt. Etna basalt, Sicily Potassium-argon: 140,000 – 350,000Potassium-argon: 140,000 – 350,000 Reality: 1972Reality: 1972

Examples of DatingExamples of Dating

Rocks that were created since the 1980 Rocks that were created since the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens dated up to eruption of Mount St. Helens dated up to 2.8 million years old2.8 million years old

Examples of DatingExamples of Dating

““When the same rock is dated by more When the same rock is dated by more than one method, it will often yield than one method, it will often yield different ‘ages.’ And when the rock is different ‘ages.’ And when the rock is dated more than one time by the same dated more than one time by the same method, it will often give different method, it will often give different results.”results.”

John Morris, Ph.D. Geology, The Geology Book, 2000, p. 52.

Radioisotope DatingRadioisotope Dating

Reliability and Consistency

Conflict in DatingConflict in Dating In 1993 scientists found wood (trees) buried in In 1993 scientists found wood (trees) buried in

basalt flows (69 feet deep)basalt flows (69 feet deep)

Wood samples sent to two laboratories to be Wood samples sent to two laboratories to be carbon-14 datedcarbon-14 dated

Basalt sent to two laboratories to be potassium-Basalt sent to two laboratories to be potassium-argon datedargon dated

44,000 years

45,000 million years

Wood embedded in lava flow (basalt)

69 feet deepWood

encased in basalt

Helium in the Helium in the AtmosphereAtmosphere Uranium ultimately decays into leadUranium ultimately decays into lead

During this process helium atoms are formedDuring this process helium atoms are formed

238U

234Th

234Pa

234U

230Th

206Pb

210Po

Helium nucleus

Helium in the Helium in the AtmosphereAtmosphere

HeHe

HeHe

HeHe

Not enough helium for an

old earth

Radioactive Decay

Helium Helium atomsatoms

He

Evidences for a Young EarthEvidences for a Young Earth Helium in the Earth’s atmosphereHelium in the Earth’s atmosphere Nuclear decay rates (Radioisotope dating) Nuclear decay rates (Radioisotope dating)

Sodium in the oceansSodium in the oceans Erosion of continentsErosion of continents Sediments in the oceanSediments in the ocean Decay of the Earth’s magnetic fieldDecay of the Earth’s magnetic field Carbon-14 ratio in the atmosphereCarbon-14 ratio in the atmosphere Population statisticsPopulation statistics Recession of the moonRecession of the moon Many more …..Many more …..

Conclusion: Five FactsConclusion: Five Facts1.1. The earth has not been scientifically proven to The earth has not been scientifically proven to

be billions of years oldbe billions of years old

2.2. The Bible teaches a literal 6-day creationThe Bible teaches a literal 6-day creation

3.3. Many scientists believe in a literal 6-day Many scientists believe in a literal 6-day creation about 6,000 years agocreation about 6,000 years ago

4.4. New evidence from nuclear decay supports a New evidence from nuclear decay supports a young earth modelyoung earth model

5.5. There are many scientific evidences for a young There are many scientific evidences for a young earthearth

DINOSAURS DINOSAURS

DinosaursDinosaurs interesting to many people of all agesinteresting to many people of all ages subject of many moviessubject of many movies

Jurassic Park seriesJurassic Park series Disney’s Disney’s Dinosaur, Land Before Time, etcDinosaur, Land Before Time, etc..

subject of many bookssubject of many books children’s bookschildren’s books science booksscience books

subject of much speculation and subject of much speculation and misinformationmisinformation often used to propel evolutionary dogmaoften used to propel evolutionary dogma

Why Teach On Dinosaurs?Why Teach On Dinosaurs? majority of young people have been majority of young people have been

taught:taught: that dinosaurs lived 230 million years ago that dinosaurs lived 230 million years ago

and became extinct 65 million years agoand became extinct 65 million years ago that man began to live 2 million years ago and that man began to live 2 million years ago and

did not coexist with these creaturesdid not coexist with these creatures that death, disease, and blood shed existed that death, disease, and blood shed existed

for millions of years before manfor millions of years before man

Why Teach On Dinosaurs?Why Teach On Dinosaurs? pertains to the Biblepertains to the Bible relevant to our understanding of creation relevant to our understanding of creation

and the world in which we liveand the world in which we live of interest to allof interest to all either tools used for atheism or special either tools used for atheism or special

creationcreation

Misinformation:Misinformation:

Some say dinosaurs never existedSome say dinosaurs never existed ignores all fossil evidenceignores all fossil evidence ignores historical evidenceignores historical evidence

archeologicalarcheological literaryliterary

The Creature, Not The The Creature, Not The TermTerm

““dinosaur” is a relatively new termdinosaur” is a relatively new term Sir Richard Owen issued the term Sir Richard Owen issued the term

dinosaurdinosaur in 1840 after studying some in 1840 after studying some Iguanodon and Megalosaurus fossilsIguanodon and Megalosaurus fossils deino (terrible) + sauros (lizard)deino (terrible) + sauros (lizard)

called “dragons” rather than “dinosaurs”

Dinosaur GroupsDinosaur Groups

TheropodsTheropodsTwo-footed meat-eaters Two-footed meat-eaters (T-rex)(T-rex)

SauropodsFour-footed plant- eaters (Apatosaurus)

SauropodsFour-footed plant- eaters (Apatosaurus)

Ultrasaurus

Supersaurus

Brachiosaurus

Sauropods

Man

Long NecksLong Necks

ArgentinosaurusArgentinosaurus

100 tons, 100 feet long100 tons, 100 feet long

Human Brain

Human Brain Stegosaurus

BrainStegosaurus

Brain

StegosaurusStegosaurus

TriceratopsTriceratops

Height: 9 feetLength: 26 feetWeight: 14,000 pounds (7 tons)

Height: 9 feetLength: 26 feetWeight: 14,000 pounds (7 tons)

Horned DinosaursHorned Dinosaurs

Tyrannosaurus rexTyrannosaurus rex

Dinosaurs With Big TeethDinosaurs With Big Teeth

The average size was about the size of a small The average size was about the size of a small ponypony

Seismosaurus and Argentinosaurus were over 100 Seismosaurus and Argentinosaurus were over 100 feet long and weighed about 100 tonsfeet long and weighed about 100 tons

Blue whale 200 tons

Ultrasaurus 100 tons, over 100 feet longBrachiosaurus 55 tons, 75 feet longTyrannosaurus 8 tons, 20 feet tallAfrican elephant 5 tons

Ultrasaurus 100 tons, over 100 feet longBrachiosaurus 55 tons, 75 feet longTyrannosaurus 8 tons, 20 feet tallAfrican elephant 5 tons

Supersaurus 100 tons, 130 feet longSupersaurus 100 tons, 130 feet long

How Big Were How Big Were Dinosaurs?Dinosaurs?

Dinosaur FootprintsDinosaur Footprints

A small dinosaurA small dinosaur

CompsognathusCompsognathusKomp-sog-NAY-thusKomp-sog-NAY-thus

Height: 24 inchesLength: 40 inchesWeight: 8 pounds

Height: 24 inchesLength: 40 inchesWeight: 8 pounds

Not All Dinosaurs Were Not All Dinosaurs Were BigBig

How Fast Were How Fast Were Dinosaurs?Dinosaurs?

StegosaursStegosaurs About 15 mphAbout 15 mph TyrannosaurusTyrannosaurus About 20 mphAbout 20 mph Olympic runnerOlympic runner About 25 mphAbout 25 mph TriceratopsTriceratops About 20 mphAbout 20 mph HorseHorse 45 mph45 mph LionLion 45 mph45 mph CheetahCheetah 65 mph65 mph

Estimated speedsEstimated speeds

Soft tissues covering 90% of the fossil Soft tissues covering 90% of the fossil include muscle, nail material, a beak, and include muscle, nail material, a beak, and skin were preservedskin were preserved

The last meal in its stomach was preservedThe last meal in its stomach was preserved

A mummified dinosaur carcass was found in Montana (duck-billed hadrosaur)

A mummified dinosaur carcass was found in Montana (duck-billed hadrosaur)

A salad of ferns, conifers, and magnolias, seasoned with pollen from 40 different plants

New Dinosaur FindNew Dinosaur Find

Are Dinosaurs Mentioned in the Are Dinosaurs Mentioned in the Bible?Bible?

Behold now Behold now behemothbehemoth, which I made with , which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. . . .thee; he eateth grass as an ox. . . .

He moveth his tail like a He moveth his tail like a cedarcedar . . . . . .

His His bonesbones are as strong pieces of brass; his are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron.bones are like bars of iron.

He is the chief of the ways of God;He is the chief of the ways of God;

Job 40:15-18Job 40:15-18

Behemoth’s LifestyleBehemoth’s Lifestyle eats grass (v. 15)eats grass (v. 15)

mountains yield food (v. 20)mountains yield food (v. 20) docile, “all the beasts of the field play there” (v. docile, “all the beasts of the field play there” (v.

20)20) dwells in marshes (v. 21)dwells in marshes (v. 21) prefers shade (v. 22)prefers shade (v. 22) is not spooked at danger:is not spooked at danger:

2323 “Behold, if a river overflow, he trembleth not; “Behold, if a river overflow, he trembleth not; He is confident, though a Jordan swell even to He is confident, though a Jordan swell even to his mouth. his mouth. 2424 Shall any take him when he is on the watch, Shall any take him when he is on the watch, Or pierce through his nose with a snare?” Or pierce through his nose with a snare?” (American Standard Version)(American Standard Version)

Leviathan: A DinosaurLeviathan: A DinosaurLeviathan: A DinosaurLeviathan: A Dinosaur

his outer coat: impenetratablehis outer coat: impenetratable 41:13, 15-17, 26-3041:13, 15-17, 26-30

his size: gracefully, yet fearfully largehis size: gracefully, yet fearfully large41:12, 2541:12, 25

his teeth: terriblehis teeth: terrible41:1441:14

his neck: stronghis neck: strong41:2241:22

his breath: firehis breath: fire41:19-2141:19-21

Extra-Biblical Extra-Biblical Evidence For the Evidence For the Coexistence of Coexistence of dinosaurs with mendinosaurs with men

ROCK SOLID EVIDENCE!ROCK SOLID EVIDENCE!

Many traditions of large dinosaur-like Many traditions of large dinosaur-like creatures creatures

Ancient drawings (petroglyphs)Ancient drawings (petroglyphs)

Dinosaurs and PeopleDinosaurs and People

PETROGLYPHPETROGLYPH

a well-weathered petroglyph of Havasupai Canyon, AZ

Dragons and HistoryDragons and HistoryMany historical accounts of large dinosaur-like creatures

““Africa produces elephants, but it is India that Africa produces elephants, but it is India that produces the largest, as well as the dragon…”produces the largest, as well as the dragon…”

Pliny, Natural History, 70 AD

Herodotus 450 BCHerodotus 450 BC ““There is a place in Arabia, situated There is a place in Arabia, situated

very near the city of Buto, to which I very near the city of Buto, to which I went, on hearing of some winged went, on hearing of some winged serpents; and when I arrived there, I serpents; and when I arrived there, I saw bones and spines of serpents, in saw bones and spines of serpents, in such quantities as it would be such quantities as it would be impossible to describe. The form of impossible to describe. The form of the serpent is like that of the water-the serpent is like that of the water-snake; but he has wings without snake; but he has wings without feathers, and as like as possible to the feathers, and as like as possible to the wings of a bat” [wings of a bat” [HistoriaeHistoriae, 2, 75-76]., 2, 75-76].

Map from the Middle AgesMap from the Middle AgesGenoeses 1457 World MapGenoeses 1457 World Map

(The Rhamphorhynchoid Pterosaur, Scaphognathus crassirostris:A "Living Fossil" Until the 17th Century, John Goertzen, MS)

www.anzwers.org

Dragons and HistoryDragons and History

““The Phrygian History also states The Phrygian History also states that dragons are born which that dragons are born which reach ten paces in length…”reach ten paces in length…”

Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 220 AD

More of the Same from More of the Same from RomeRome

A sketch of a dragon that was said to have existed near Rome in 1691.Note: two featherless wings, reptilian tail, head crest, long neck, wings in front of legs matching the fossil of Scaphognathus crassirostris (chart 42)

Figurines from Acambaro Figurines from Acambaro MexicoMexico

(~800 BC – 200 AD)

Ankylosarus

Other Art From MexicoOther Art From Mexico

The Point:The Point: stories of dragons arestories of dragons are

more than likely stories more than likely stories of dinosaurs that existed withof dinosaurs that existed with men men

many of these ancient legends are many of these ancient legends are exaggerations of dinosaurs thatexaggerations of dinosaurs that

roamed the earth and of terrifying roamed the earth and of terrifying reptiles that ruled the skies reptiles that ruled the skies

and seasand seas

Do You Believe Dinosaurs Do You Believe Dinosaurs Went on The Ark?Went on The Ark?

Do you believe God created all land animals Do you believe God created all land animals on day 6 (Gen. 1:24, 25)?on day 6 (Gen. 1:24, 25)?

Do you believe 2 of every kind of land-Do you believe 2 of every kind of land-creature went aboard Noah’s ark creature went aboard Noah’s ark (Gen. 6:19, 20; 7:8, 9; 8:19)?(Gen. 6:19, 20; 7:8, 9; 8:19)?

Dinosaurs were land dwellers; therefore, Dinosaurs were land dwellers; therefore, they were created on day six and went they were created on day six and went aboard the ark (Job. 40:15)aboard the ark (Job. 40:15)

And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female. (Genesis 6:19)

And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female. (Genesis 6:19)

Dinosaurs were on the Ark and they came off the Ark

Dinosaurs were on the Ark and they came off the Ark

Dinosaurs on the ArkDinosaurs on the Ark

About Dinosaurs Being Too About Dinosaurs Being Too Large To Fit In The Ark. . .Large To Fit In The Ark. . .

• it seems that God would have used younger creatures rather than fully grown ones

• the average size of dinosaurs (known collectively from fossil record) is that of a sheep or small pony

What Happened to the What Happened to the Dinosaurs?Dinosaurs?

They died from overeating They died from overeating They were poisoned They were poisoned They became blind from cataracts and could not They became blind from cataracts and could not

reproduce reproduce Mammals ate their eggs Mammals ate their eggs Other causes include-volcanic dust, poisonous Other causes include-volcanic dust, poisonous

gases, comets, sunspots, meteorites, mass gases, comets, sunspots, meteorites, mass suicide, constipation, parasites, shrinking brain suicide, constipation, parasites, shrinking brain (and greater stupidity), slipped discs, changes in (and greater stupidity), slipped discs, changes in the composition of air, … the composition of air, …

Dinosaurs starved to death

The Popular TheoryThe Popular Theory65 million years ago a meteor destroyed all 65 million years ago a meteor destroyed all the dinosaursthe dinosaurs

Meteor Impact TheoryMeteor Impact Theory Layer of iridium located at the northern end of Layer of iridium located at the northern end of

Mexico's Yucatan peninsula (Chicxulub)Mexico's Yucatan peninsula (Chicxulub)

Buried a kilometer below ground and dated at 65 Buried a kilometer below ground and dated at 65 million years oldmillion years old

Evaluating the theory: 2 evidencesEvaluating the theory: 2 evidences

Alleged meteor impact

Evaluating the Evidence: 1Evaluating the Evidence: 1

Some of the least mobile creatures Some of the least mobile creatures (tortoises, snakes, crocodiles) and the (tortoises, snakes, crocodiles) and the most sensitive to climatic change (birds, most sensitive to climatic change (birds, fish) are still with us today. fish) are still with us today.

Plants also survived the cataclysm in Plants also survived the cataclysm in great abundance. great abundance.

Why did the alleged impact kill off the dinosaurs while many other forms of life remained healthy?

Evaluating the Evidence: Evaluating the Evidence: 22

It is not certain that Chicxulub is an actual impact It is not certain that Chicxulub is an actual impact site. The iridium concentration in the region could site. The iridium concentration in the region could have resulted from volcanic processes.have resulted from volcanic processes.

The Mystery of DinosaursThe Mystery of Dinosaurs

the subject of dinosaurs are shrouded in a the subject of dinosaurs are shrouded in a mystery only if you accept the mystery only if you accept the evolutionary story associated with themevolutionary story associated with them evolved 230 million years agoevolved 230 million years ago their roam ended by some catastrophic event their roam ended by some catastrophic event

(i.e., asteroid hitting the earth) 65 million (i.e., asteroid hitting the earth) 65 million years agoyears ago

PROBLEMPROBLEM: why did crocodiles, snakes, : why did crocodiles, snakes, turtles remain?turtles remain?

Bible Answer to DinosaursBible Answer to Dinosaurs

existed ~6000-10000 years agoexisted ~6000-10000 years ago created with mancreated with man

dinosaurs were land animalsdinosaurs were land animals all land animals were created on day 6 (Gen. all land animals were created on day 6 (Gen.

1:24ff)1:24ff) therefore dinosaurs were created on day 6therefore dinosaurs were created on day 6

representatives of all kinds (including representatives of all kinds (including dinosaur kinds) went onto the ark ~ 4500 dinosaur kinds) went onto the ark ~ 4500 years agoyears ago

Bible Answer to DinosaursBible Answer to Dinosaurs they came off the ark to live in the present they came off the ark to live in the present

world along with man and every other kind of world along with man and every other kind of creaturecreature

the effects of the flood and the curse of sin the effects of the flood and the curse of sin have greatly changed our world from the have greatly changed our world from the world in which Noah livedworld in which Noah lived

since the flood, many kinds of animals have since the flood, many kinds of animals have died out because of disease, environmental died out because of disease, environmental factors, lack of food, killing themselves, overly factors, lack of food, killing themselves, overly hunted by other predators, etc.hunted by other predators, etc.

such is what happened to dinosaurs—there is such is what happened to dinosaurs—there is no mystery!no mystery!

Conclusions About DinosaursConclusions About Dinosaurs

The Bible teaches that people and The Bible teaches that people and dinosaurs lived at the same timedinosaurs lived at the same time

The evidence (fossils) supports the Biblical The evidence (fossils) supports the Biblical claim: claim: Created after their kindCreated after their kind People and dinosaurs lived at the same timePeople and dinosaurs lived at the same time

The evolution story is based on faith not real evidence