Evolution of Microprocessors

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By Aneeta S Antony

Evolution Of Microprocessor Based

System

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The Natural Evolution of microcomputer based system

instrument is toward more intelligent devices.

More and more memory is being squeezed into smaller

and smaller spaces (IC's)

Just like Laptops Battery powered patient worn portable

instrument is getting commercial.

The PC has become a powerful tool in biomedical

computing applications.

There's possibility that in future instruments be developed

which at one time couldn't be developed due to size, cost,

or power consumptions.

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Evolution of microcomputer based medical instruments has

followed evolution of microprocessor itself

According to Moore the number of transistors that could be put

on a single chip doubled every two years.

PC itself has become a powerful tool in biomedical

computing requirements as development of the biomedical

equipments went on in parallel with the microprocessor.

In near future many new medical instruments would be

developed which could address many problems that couldn't

be addressed earlier all this would be possible because of the

rapid development of microprocessor and its continuous

evolution in terms of decreased size cost and power and

increased memory and computing power.

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LOGO Intel Processor Timeline

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LOGO EVOLUTION OF PERSONAL COMPUTER

Mechanical Computers - Charles Babbage -

1800

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1941 Atanasoff -demonstrated eg of first digital computer-

primitive even to pocket calculator.

1946-ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)First

serious Digital Computer.

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Univac - First commercial Computer

-First transistorized Computer

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-LINC (Laboratory Instrument Computer ).Idea behind this

was to transform a general purpose computer to a

laboratory instrument for biomedical applications.

).Idea behind this was to transform a general purpose

computer to a laboratory instrument for biomedical

applications.

This was done by reprogramming it.

-Most Successful one

-First Interactive one

eg. An ECG could be captured and displayed directly

-It would have been the first PC if it were smaller and

costed less

-First Game Computer

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DEC PDP8-Digital Equipment Corporation PDP8-Commercial

Version of LINC

LINC 8 -Architecture of LINC + PDP 8.

PDP 12-Modern Version of LINC 8

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LOGOUBIQUITOUS PC (Present Everywhere

Common)PC

•Historical Landmark IBM's 8 bit Zilog Z80 with OS

called CP/M

•It's Disadvantage of having no standard way to format

•a floppy disk to transfer data from one company's PC

to other,

•was overcome by the 16 bit Intel 8080 processor,

DOS and an uniform floppy disk operator.

•First IBM PC 1981 used Intel 8088 which provided

0.1MIPS

•Apple's Macintosh was introduced with GUI

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LOGO Relation between cost and computing

power

Inverse Relation

Initially 10 PCs each of $ 5000 i.e. 50000$ was required to

provide 1MIPS

With IBMPC/AT with Intel 80286 provided 1MIPS using 1 PC of

$5000

Intel i486 delivers 10 MIPS for same $5000

From historical data cost per MIPS is decreasing

logarithmically

Present eg Intel core i7 920(Quad core) 82,300 MIPS at 2.93 GHz

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LOGONumber of components in a PC decrease with increase

in computing performance

Number of components in a fully functional PC has decreased

logarithmically

To illustrate this in 1983 300 IC's were required in each PC

today a PC can be built with 18 IC's.

Number Of Bits

1970's - 8 bit processors

1980's -16 bit processors

1990's -32 bit processors

2000 -64 bit processors

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LOGO Comparison of performance of PC and Human Brain

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Example of ECG

Brain Vs Computer.

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