1 Evolution of Influenza A Evolution of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds Virus in Wild Birds Robert G. Webster, PhD Robert G. Webster, PhD Division of Virology Division of Virology Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital • Point mutations • Reassortment • Insertions and deletions • Recombination Evolution of Influenza A Viruses Evolution of Influenza A Viruses H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 Influenza A Influenza A Virus Host Virus Host Range Range •Ducks and shorebirds (waders -- families Charadriidae and Scolopaeidae) are the major reservoirs of influenza viruses. •Influenza A subtypes H1 – H16 in Eurasia. •H14, H15, H16 not detected in the Americas. •Shorebirds in the Americas have a higher percentage of H5, H7, H9 viruses. •Shorebirds carry influenza viruses North in Spring! (U.S.) •Wild ducks carry influenza viruses South in the autumn! (U.S.) •Predominant viruses (H3, H6)show a 2 year periodicity. •Failure to detect influenza in European waders. Ecology of Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds Ecology of Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds
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Evolution of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds · Evolution of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds Robert G. Webster, PhD ... •Shorebirds carry influenza viruses North in Spring! (U.S.)
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Evolution of Influenza A Evolution of Influenza A
Virus in Wild BirdsVirus in Wild Birds
Robert G. Webster, PhDRobert G. Webster, PhD
Division of VirologyDivision of Virology
Department of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Infectious Diseases
St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalSt. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
• Point mutations
• Reassortment
• Insertions and deletions
• Recombination
Evolution of Influenza A VirusesEvolution of Influenza A Viruses
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15
H16
Influenza A Influenza A Virus Host Virus Host
RangeRange
•Ducks and shorebirds (waders -- families Charadriidae and Scolopaeidae) are the major reservoirs of influenza viruses.
•Influenza A subtypes H1 – H16 in Eurasia.
•H14, H15, H16 not detected in the Americas.
•Shorebirds in the Americas have a higher percentage of H5, H7, H9 viruses.
•Shorebirds carry influenza viruses North in Spring! (U.S.)
•Wild ducks carry influenza viruses South in the autumn! (U.S.)
•Predominant viruses (H3, H6)show a 2 year periodicity.
•Failure to detect influenza in European waders.
Ecology of Influenza Viruses in Wild BirdsEcology of Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds
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The Ecology of Influenza VirusesThe Ecology of Influenza Viruses
Point 1Point 1--22
••Wild aquatic birds are the natural Wild aquatic birds are the natural
reservoirs of all influenza A viruses in reservoirs of all influenza A viruses in
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