1/9/2014 1 Evolution & Classification BI 101 General Biology Learning Goals 1. Define evolution and understand evolution by Natural Selection. 2. Understand how biologist classify organisms. 3. Recognize Linnaean Taxonomic hierarchy of classification. 4. Interpret phylogenetic trees (aka a phylogeny or evolutionary tree)
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1/9/2014
1
Evolution & Classification
BI 101 General Biology
Learning Goals
1. Define evolution and understand
evolution by Natural Selection.
2. Understand how biologist classify
organisms.
3. Recognize Linnaean Taxonomic
hierarchy of classification.
4. Interpret phylogenetic trees (aka a
phylogeny or evolutionary tree)
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1. What is evolution?
2. Can religion and evolution
be compatible?
Discuss what you think evolution is with
your groups
~ 5 min
Evidence for evolution
Genetics: DNA
Paleontology: Fossils
Morphology: Homology
Biogeography :Geographic distribution
of organisms
Microevolution- observed changes
within populations of a species
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Evidence for evolution
Genetic
Genes coding proteins in our DNA is
Yeast - 45% identical
Fruit flies - 60% identical
Chickens - 90% identical
Rabbits - 95% identical
Chimpanzees - 98% identical!
Evidence for evolution:
Morphology Homology - A characteristic shared by
different organisms with common
ancestry
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Evidence for evolution
Morphology Vestigial organs– have no use
Example: appendix, wisdom teeth, human
tailbone, hind leg bones in whales,
Ostrich wings (they don’t fly)
Texas blind
salamander:
eyes that do
not see
Evidence for evolution
Biogeography Geographic distribution of organisms
Example: the finches of the Galapagos
Islands
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How can we organize
the diversity of life?
Taxon: A Ranked Hierarchy
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Malus
Species: Malus pumila
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Organizing Principle:
We can use relationships between
organisms to organize the diversity
of life
Descent with modification
Making Sense of it All
Traditional classification schemes
rank species into a hierarchy
Newer methods group species by
shared ancestry.
This reflects evolutionary history.
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Kingdoms and Domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system
The traditional five-kingdom system
Phylogeny Phylon = tribe (Greek)
Genesis = origin (Greek)
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
Goal is to show relationships and patterns of descent i.e. to make models called: