Evolution!

PowerPoint Presentation

Evolution!EvolutionInherited change over time, eventually causing creation of new species.

The H.M.SBeagleIn 1831, Darwin set sail from England aboard the H.M.S. Beagle for a voyage around the world.Darwin went ashore and collected plant and animal specimens for his collection.OBSERVATIONS:-Many plants and animals were well suited to the environments they inhabited. -Grasslands in some regions were similar to one another but were inhabited by very different animals.

Observations (continued)Fossils: some he collected resembled organisms that were still alive, others looked completely unlike any creature he had ever seen.Galpagos Islands: They were close together but had very different climates.Characteristics of animals and plants greatly varied among the different islands.Example: Among tortoises, the shape of the shell corresponds to different habitats.

high sparse vegetation low abundant vegetation

Hood Island Tortoise Isabela Island Tortoise

Galapagos Finches

Darwin was not alone in his theory!http://www.brainpop.com/science/famousscientists/charlesdarwin/

Acquired (in a lifetime)Inherited (In your genes)Big musclesHeightShort hairEye colorTattoosFoot sizeThis animal uses its fingers to reach into small cracks for food. In its lifetime it reached for food SO much that its fingers grew longer to help. DarwinLamarck

DarwinLamarckThe bright colors on this frog keeps predators away. Over a long period of time the frogs with the brightest colors were able to surviveSo they were the ones to pass on their genes.

DarwinLamarckThis giraffes neck grew longer during its lifetime. Therefore, it was able topass on its long neck to its offspring.

DarwinLamarckThis crocodile used its teeth so much during its life to eat prey that its teeth grew bigger and bigger. This helped him survive. DarwinLamarck

Larger eyes help this animal see in the dark. The members of this population whodid not have large eyes did not survive and reproduce. Therefore over time only the ones with larger eyes survived. DarwinLamarck

When male orangutans become mature their cheeks become larger to help make vocal threats to other males. Since this orangutan's cheeks grew extra big during his lifetime his offspring (baby) will also have large cheeks when it is born. DarwinLamarck

The sharks that have sharper teeth will be more likely to survive and reproduce. The sharks that do not have as sharp teeth will not survive and pass on their genes. DarwinLamarck

This octopus uses its pattern to scare away its predators. This octopus tried so hard during its lifetime to develop the pattern that eventually it got it!James Hutton and Charles LyellThe world was VERY religious back then and the bible said the Earth was only a few thousand years old. Uniformitarianism says that geological processes that we see today MUST be the same processes that shaped Earth from the beginning. Therefore, Earth must be extremely OLD! Rivers carving out canyons, mountain ranges etc. GEOLOGYEVIDENCE

Thomas MalthusIf the human population grew unchecked, there wouldnt be enough living space and food for everyone!Forces working against population growth:WarFamineDiseaseDarwin reasoned that this principal must apply to other organisms too!Maple trees have thousands of seeds each summer!Oysters produce millions of eggs every year!

Alfred WallaceCame up with almost the same exact theory!Toured South America and made similar observationsDarwin published his ideas FIRST, so he is credited with the theory!

Natural Selection

Lets DiscussExample #1: I doPopulation of fish There is less light coming into the ocean Example 2: We doPopulation of tree dwelling monkeys Their main food source (fruit) has developed a harder outer shellExample 3: You doPopulation of frogs New predator introduced into the jungleAdaptations!

Long fingers to pull food out of treesSLOW metabolismSuction cup feetWater repellant fur and tentacles to identify foodJelly like mass slightly less dense than waterCamouflageHuge eyes to help find prey-birds- (nocturnal)Frill to frighten predatorsGO OVER DEFINITION and how it relates to natural selection!