Evidence Best Practices & Latest Research Presented by: Dr. Cary Heck University of Wyoming National Association of Drug Court Professionals Developed.
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With Shelli Rossman, John Roman, Christine Lindquist, Janine Zweig, Dana Kralstein, Mia Green, Kelli Henry, P. Mitchell Downey, and Jennifer Yahner
Presented to the Adult Drug Court Standards Core Working Group, National Drug Court Institute, Las Vegas, NV, December 11, 2010
Review of NIJ’s Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation
The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to The Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
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MADCE Research Design
Drug Court vs. Comparison Sites Drug Court: 23 sites in 7 regions (n = 1,156) Comparison: 6 sites in 4 regions (n = 625)
Repeated Measures Interviews at baseline, 6 months & 18 months Oral fluids drug test at 18 months Official recidivism records up to 24 months Cost-effectiveness
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Official Recidivism:Re-Arrests Over 24 Months
Percent with Re-Arrest: 24 Months Post-Enrollment
52%
62%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Re-Arrested within 24 Months
Drug Court (n = 1,022)
Comparison (n = 512)
+ p < .10 * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
n.s.
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Criminal Behavior:Year Prior to 18-Month Interview
Percent with Criminal Activity:One Year Prior to 18-Month Interview
53% 50%
40%*36%**
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Criminal Activity Drug-Related Activity
Drug Court (n = 951)Comparison (n = 523)
+ p < .10 * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
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Criminal Behavior:Year Prior to 18-Month Interview
Number of Criminal Acts:One Year Prior to 18-Month Interview
88.283.1
30.6***
43.0**
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Criminal Acts Drug-Related Acts
Drug Court (n = 951)Comparison (n = 523)
+ p < .10 * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
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Criminal Behavior:Year Prior to 18-Month Interview
Criminal Behavior: Year Prior to 18-Month Survey
1) Any drug use or possession 34%** 50%
2) Any drug sales 9%* 16%
3) Any other drug crimes (manufacturing, trafficking, etc.) 2% 2%
4) Any DWI/DUI 13%* 20%
5) Any violent crime/crime against people 4% 3%
6) Any weapons possession 7% 8%
7) Any property crimes 3%* 6%
8) Any public order crimes (e.g., prostitution, vagrancy) 1% 1%+p<.10, * p<.05, ** p<.01, ***p<.001.
Drug CourtComparison
GroupOutcome Measure
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Criminal Behavior:Year Prior to 18-Month Interview
Criminal Behavior: Year Prior to 18-Month Survey
1) Any drug use or possession 34%** 50%
2) Any drug sales 9%* 16%
3) Any other drug crimes (manufacturing, trafficking, etc.) 2% 2%
4) Any DWI/DUI 13%* 20%
5) Any violent crime/crime against people 4% 3%
6) Any weapons possession 7% 8%
7) Any property crimes 3%* 6%
8) Any public order crimes (e.g., prostitution, vagrancy) 1% 1%+p<.10, * p<.05, ** p<.01, ***p<.001.
Drug CourtComparison
GroupOutcome Measure
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Saliva Test Results at 18 Months
Any Drug Any Serious Drug
Marijuana Cocaine Opiates Amphet-amines
PCP0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
29%**
20%
12%+15%
6%
1% 0%**
46%
27%
21% 21%
7%
2% 2%
Drug Court (N = 764)Comparison Group (N = 383)
+ p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
Cost-Effectiveness Revisited
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MADCE Cost Outcomes
Hierarchical Results (over the full follow-up)
Drug Court Control Net Benefits
Social Productivity $20,355 $18,361 $1,994
Criminal Justice - $4,869 - $5,863 $994
Crime/Victimization - $6,665 - $18,231 $11,566**
Service Use - $15,326 - $7,191 - $8,135**
Financial Support - $4,579 - $3,744 - $835
Total - $11,206 - $16,886 $5,680 n.s.
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Cost Details #1:Program Investments
Hierarchical Results (over full follow-up)
Drug Court Control Net Costs
Time with probation officer 4.7 hours 5 hours $6
Drug tests 65.4 tests 12.3 tests - $410***
Electronic monitoring 3 days 1.6 days - $6
Status hearings 20.6 hearings 1.5 hearings - $288***
Time with case manager 12.9 hours 1.1 hours - $306***
Months in program 12.2 months 1.2 months - $800***
Residential drug treatment 37.8 days 14.4 days - $4,431
This project was supported by Grant No. 2012-DC-BX-K004 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the SMART
Office, and the Office for Victims of Crime. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not represent
the official position or policies of the United States Department of Justice