Everything you need to know about flowers! Ann Morris, Science Advisory Teacher, PPEC, 29.4.02.

2 Types of Seed Plants

• Angiosperms

• Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms

• Have cones for reproduction instead of flowers

• 4 Types – Cycad– Ginkgo– Conifer– Gnetophyte

Gymnosperms

• Cycads: look like ferns except they have seeds

• Ginkgo: very large trees found mainly in China

Gymnosperms

• Conifers: seeds are in cones or berrylike structures

• Gnetophytes: shrubs and climbing vines

Angiosperms

• Largest group of plant in the world• Found in all types of climates• Produce flowers for reproduction

Angiosperms

• Parts of the flower:– Sepals– Petals– Stamen– Pistil

Sepals

• The sepals protect the flower before it opens.

sepal

Petals

• The petals attract pollinating insects with their bright color and attractive scent.

Male Parts• The stamens

are the male structures of the flower.

• Made up of two parts:– Anther– Filament

Male Parts• Anther: top

part of the stamen, that makes pollen.

• Filament: this is the stalk of the Anther

Female Parts• Pistil is the

female structure of flower that has 3 parts:– Stigma– Style– Ovary

Female Parts

• Stigma:– The pollen from

another flower collects on the stigma’s sticky surface.

• Style:– raises the stigma

away from the Ovary

stigma

Female Parts

• Ovary protects the ovules(egg).

• Once fertilization has taken place it will become the fruit.

Write the correct words in the boxes:stamens, stigma, petals, ovary, sepals

these attract insects

4

where the pollen is made

pollen sticks to this 5

2

where the seeds grow

1

These protect the flower before it opens 3

Write the correct words in the boxes:stamens, stigma, petals, ovary, sepals

PLANT REPRODUCTION

Plants Reproductive Structures

• Cones: Gymnosperms– Female cones contain the ovules

which contains the egg cell– Male cones contain pollen which are

like sperm cells

• Flowers: Angiosperms– Pistil: female part of flower– Stamen: Male part of flower

Pollination

• Insects visit flowers to search

for nectar – their food.

• But the flowers use the insects for their own purposes!

• As the insect probes for nectar, its body rubs against the stamens.

• Pollen gets stuck on the insect’s legs.

• You can often see bees with a heavy load of yellow pollen on their hind legs.

Pollination

When the insect visits another flower of the same type, the pollen will stick to the pistal.

This is called

pollination.

Fertilization

The pollen travels to the ovary, where it joins with an ovule.

This is called

fertilization.

Seeds

• Seeds: the fertilized egg

• Seed Structure: consists of a seed coat, a young plant, and stored food

Types of Seeds

Types of Seeds

Seeds

• The seeds develop inside the ovary, which grows to become the seed pod or fruit.

Seed Dispersal

• The seeds are dispersed; some by animals, some by the wind, some by explosion and some by water.