Every

CGGVeritas

EVERYMathematical computations and trace analysis

Level: 4114Last update: July 2008

FUNCTION

General

EVERY applies a number of mathematical functions to trace samples and transferstrace header words from one trace to another.AB : Transfer of the absolute value of the samples.AD : Addition of one or more values to the trace.BF : Computation of the low frequency component.CL : Sorting of the trace samples.CO : Counting of groups of traces according to the Y flag.CS : Cosine of the trace samples.DB : Computation, in decibels, of the absolute values of the trace sample

values.DE : Differentiation of the trace samples.DI : Division of a trace by one or more values.EL : Periodic elimination of samples.EP : Exponential of the trace sample values.ET : Transfer of the values of a word in samples. Pick one sample from

each input trace.EX : Extension of the trace.FI : Output of a seismic or pseudo-seismic trace (including header) to an

ASCII file.HI : Histogram for each input trace.HI MT : Histogram for a group of input traces.HN : Application of a Hanning taper.IL : Replacement of zero values by interpolated values.IN : Trace integration.IV : Trace inversion.IZ : Insertion of zeroes between samples.

Geocluster User’s Manual EVERY 1

CGGVeritas

LN : Natural logarithm of the trace sample values.MA : Search for the maximum and minimum.ME : Calculation of the average and standard deviation values.MG : Merging of traces.MU : Multiplication of a trace by one or more values.MX : Update of words 21 and 22 from a picking as a function of a given

word.PC : Comparison of two traces.PK : Picking as a function of an average.PO : Transfer of the positive samples.PP : Picking of extrema from the nearest extremum of a time given by a

horizon.SH : Trace shift.SN : Sine of the trace samples.SU : Subtraction of value(s) from a trace.TC : Correlation in time of the input trace.TR : Transfer of the input trace with the exception of specified word(s).VR : Compute VRMS velocity trace from interval velocity trace.

2 EVERY User’s Manual Geocluster

CGGVeritas

FUNCTION CALL

Description

Column content1 *3-7 EVERY9-10 First options: AB, AD, BF, CL, CO, CS, DB, DE, DI, EL, EP, ET,

EX, FI, HI, HN, IL, IN, IV, IZ, LN, MA, ME, MG, MU, MX, PC,PK, PO, PP, SH, SN, SU, TC, TR, VR.

12-13 Second option: MT (only with first option HI) or blank.15-16 Input buffer: single trace.23-24 Output buffer: single trace (empty if option FI is coded).31-80 Parameters.

Parameters

Options AD, DI, MU, SUOne of the following two parameters must be coded:IS1=EZ EZ is an auxiliary buffer.MOTm or WORDm

The operation indicated by the option will use the content of word m(see below for details).

Additionally the following two parameters must be coded:CHECK a, b, c, d, e

a,b,c,d,e = Numbers of the trace header words that are used to checkthe consistency between the main and auxiliary inputs. A maximum of 5 header words can be used.By default, the program checks the content of header words 4 and 19.

NOCHECK Flag for no header word control.If coded, the program does not check header word consistencybetween main and auxiliary input buffers.

Parameter IS1=EZOption AD: The reference trace in EZ is added to the input trace.Option DI: The reference trace in EZ divides the input trace.

MINImm = Threshold value of reference trace.(Optional, by default, m = 0.000001)


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The value of MINI is used as a threshold to avoid dividing by zero.If the absolute value of the reference trace sample is less than thethreshold value, then the output value will be the input trace valuedivided by the threshold value (the sign of the reference trace beingpreserved) or will be zeroed if the input trace value is also less thanthe threshold value.

NONUMCHKWhen the reference trace value is less than the threshold, the outputtrace value will be equal to the input trace value divided by thethreshold (the sign of the reference trace still being preserved). Bydefault, the output trace value is zeroed.

Option MU: The reference trace in EZ multiplies the input trace.Option SU: The reference trace in EZ is subtracted from the input trace.Note: The input trace and auxiliary buffer must have the same length.

Parameter WORDm or MOTmOption AD: The content of word m is added to every sample of the input trace.Option DI: Every sample of the input trace is divided by the content of word m.Option MU: Every sample of the input trace is multiplied by the content of

word m.Option SU: The content of word m is subtracted from every sample of the output

trace.

Options AB, CL, CS, DB, DE, EP, EX, HN, IL, IN, IV, LN, PO, SN, VRThere are no parameters to input for these options.Option AB: The absolute value of every sample is transferred.Option CL: Ordering of the buffer samples. The input trace samples included

between word 6 and word 1 are gathered in the output trace inincreasing order (of algebraic values). Samples included between 0and word 6 on one hand and word 1 and word 10 on the other handare transferred in the output trace with no modification.

Option CS: The samples of the output trace are equal to: cos (input); input tracesamples are assumed to be expressed in radians.

Option DB: Conversion of the absolute value of the input trace into decibels.Option DE: Differentiation of the input trace.

Using the previous notations, the output trace is defined as:

n = 1,...,N-1

oSe1 e0–

Δt-----------------=

nSen 1+ en 1––

2Δt------------------------------------=


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Option EP: Computation of the exponential of every sample value.Option EX: Extension of the input trace. The first non-null sample of the input

trace replaces the zeroes from the beginning of the trace to WORD6.The last non-null sample of the input trace replaces the zeroes fromWORD1 to WORD10.

Option HN: At the beginning and end of a trace (Words 6 and 1 taken as origin),a taper is applied according to the Hanning function:f = (1 - cos π × t / θ) × 0.5 with π = 3.14,θ = WORD7 of the input trace header (if WORD7 = 0, θ = 50 ms).

Option IL: Replacement, between WORD6 and WORD1, of the zero values bya linear interpolation between the non-zero samples that surround thezero zone.

Option IN: Integration of the input trace.Leteii=0,N be the set of samples of the input trace,sii=0,N the set of samples of the output trace and Δt the sample inter-val, the output trace is then defined as:

n = 1,...,N

Option IV: The trace is flipped over itself. The first sample becomes the last etc.Option LN: Computation of the natural log of the absolute value of every sample.Option PO: Only the positive samples of the input trace are transferred,

the negative samples are zeroed.Option SN: The samples of the output trace are equal to: sin (input); input trace

samples are assumed to be expressed in radians.Option VR: The output trace samples contain VRMS velocities; the input trace

samples contain interval velocities.The VRMS velocity trace is defined as:

NSeN en 1––

Δt----------------------------=

s0Δt2

-------e0=

snΔt2

------- 0e Σni 1= ei 1–( ei )+ +⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞=

Vvrms2

Vi2 tiΔ×

i 1=

n

∑

tiΔi 1=

n

∑-----------------------------=


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Option BFThe program computes the current mean on n consecutive samples.Ll l = Length, in ms, of the portion of the trace used to compute the cur-

rent mean.

Option COWORDn or MOTn

WORDn of the output trace is increased by 1 each time the Y flag isset. The starting value is equal to 1.

Optional parameterKk WORDn is increased once the Y flag has been set k times.

By default, k = 1.

Option EL

Mandatory parameterFSAMPd d = Sampling interval of the output, integer.

d must be a multiple of the input sampling interval.The IZ and EL options are intended for use in a resampling sequence; for example,resampling from 2 ms to 1 ms (IZ option) then from 1 ms to 3 ms (EL option) afterfiltering.

Option ETWORDn or MOTn

The output buffer is filled with the header word n values of the dif-ferent input traces (even if not valid) taken at a sampling rate of 1millisecond.

Optional parametersIMOTn=q n = Number of the trace header word on which the continuity of input

traces is tested. By default, n = 4

The continuity in the trace numbering is checked by the programitself and null values are written where missing values of the LIBRIST created are encountered.

q = Increment between word n values.q is a positive or negative integer. By default, q = 1

For example, if WORD5, IMOT4=2 is coded, and if the values of thetwo input trace words are the following:WORD4: 110,112,116,118,...WORD5: 5,8,13,19,...the program then considers a zero value of WORD5 for the missingWORD4 = 114.


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The values written in LIBRI ST are the following:5., 8., 0., 13., 19., ...

k, MIN To subtract k from word n.k, PLUS To add k to word n.NECHe e = Maximum number of samples which will be stored in the output

buffer. By default, the length of the input trace. If the number ofinput traces exceeds NECH, a new output trace is created.

Bb b = Number of the postprocessing loop called when the output bufferis full or when the X or Y flag is set.

UDFILE=f f = Name of the permanent file where the content of the output traceis saved in LIBRI ST format.

orDBST=xxx xxx = Name of the version of the ST-type dataset.

(15 characters maximum).NLSTp p = Generated LIBRI ST number. By default, p = 1

The first station of the output static library will be the WORD4 of thefirst input trace, and all subsequent station numbers will be increasedby one.

THREED When coded, the first station of the output LIBRI ST is calculatedusing the formula: (WORD19 - 1) × NECHe + WORD4, and thisvalue is recalculated every time the Y-flag changes (i.e. a 3D staticlibrary is produced).It is assumed that the Y-flag is set every time WORD19 changes.NECHe will be the length of the 3D lines for this case, and thesemust all be continuous in CDP and of the same length.

Option FI

Mandatory parameterUDFILE=xxx

xxx =Name of the permanent file to which the contents of the outputtrace are written.

Optional parametersFLO(n,m) Format of the output file.

n = Number of columns, m =number of characters.or INT(n,m) By default, n = 10, m = 8.0.

For example:FLO(8,10.2): writes as eight columns of ten characters in floatingpoint format to two decimal places. (The 10 characters include thedecimal point and two decimals).


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INT(10,8.0): writes as ten columns of eight characters in integer for-mat.

Option HIThe program will plot a histogram of each input trace showing the amplitude distri-bution (only the input trace samples between word 6 and word 1 are used). The out-put buffer contains the trace samples sorted in increasing order (see option CL).

Optional parametersNCn n = Number of amplitude ranges.

By default, n = 20; range of 3 ≤ n ≤ 200.MINIa a = Minimum amplitude value (default is the minimum of the trace).MAXIb b = Maximum amplitude value (default is the maximum of the trace).If MINIa or MAXIb are coded, the first range will concern the amplitudes which areless than or equal to a, and the last range will concern the amplitudes which aregreater than or equal to b.

Option HI MTThe program will plot a histogram for a group of input traces limited by the Y flag.Input traces must be ordered according to the header word defined by parameterMOT and the Y flag must be set with respect to this word.The histogram displays, for a group of traces, the distribution of values of either auser defined header word or trace amplitude samples at a user defined time.

Mandatory parametersMINIa a = Minimum value of the histogram (maximum of the first range).MAXIb b = Maximum value of the histogram (maximum of the last range).If MINIa or MAXIb are coded, the first range will concern the amplitudes which areless than or equal to a, and the last range will concern the amplitudes which aregreater than or equal to b.

ETIQe e = Header word number. If this parameter is coded, the histogramshows the distribution of values of header WORDe for a group oftraces.

or SAMPLEt t = Data sample time. If this parameter is coded, the histogram shows

the distribution of trace amplitude values at time t for a group oftraces (in ms).


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Optional parametersMOTn n = Number of the trace header word by which traces are grouped.

The Y flag must be set with respect to this word.By default, n = 9.

NCn n = Number of amplitude ranges of the histogram. By default, n = 20Limits: 3 ≤ n ≤ 200.

Option IZ

Mandatory parameterISAMPc c = Sampling interval of the output, integer.

c must be a divisor of the input sampling interval.The IZ and EL options are intended for use in a resampling sequence; for example,resampling from 2 ms to 1 ms (IZ option) then from 1 ms to 3 ms (EL option) afterfiltering.

Option MASearch for the maximum and minimum of the input trace. The following values:• magnitude of the maximum trace value,• time of the maximum,• magnitude of the minimum trace value,• time of the minimum,• the difference between the time of the maximum of the current trace and that of

the previous trace,• magnitude of the smallest non-zero trace value,• time of the smallest non-zero sample,are placed respectively in header words 14, 30, 31, 32, 33, 24, and 23.PRINT The updated header words will be printed out for all traces.STEPm The updated header words will be printed out at every m traces. In

this case, the PRINT parameter must be coded.Default value, m = 1For example: if you want to print the value of updated trace headerwords every ten traces, you must code: PRINT,STEP10

Note: If the sampling interval of the input trace is less than 1 ms, then thetimes stored in words 23, 30, 32, and 33 are in microseconds.If the minimum and smallest non-zero values cannot be stored in theheader words (31 and 24) because their orders of magnitude exceedthe 32-bit limit, their values are set to −1.


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Option METhe program computes the following values:• the average of the trace samples,• the standard deviation related to this average,• the median of the trace sample,• the standard deviation related to this median.This information is placed in words 31 to 34, respectively, of the output traceheader.

Optional parametersLAj j = Start time of window for the computations. (Default value of

WORD6).LBk k = End time of the window for the computations. (Default value of

WORD1).ABS Computations are done on the absolute trace samples. (Default, real

samples).AVE Coding this parameter gives the average in word 31 only, the median

and standard deviation are not calculated. No summary will be giveneither (the PRINT parameter is ignored).

SUM The sum of the trace samples is written in scientific notation in words35 and 36. The mantissa is written in word 35 and the exponent(power of 10) is written in word 36.

RMS The RMS mean of the trace samples is stored in word 36. Note: The SUM and RMS parameters are mutually exclusive.PRINT The updated header words will be printed out for all traces.STEPm The updated header words will be printed out at every m traces. In

this case, the PRINT parameter must be coded.Default value, m = 1For example: if you want to print the value of updated trace headerwords every ten traces, you must code: PRINT,STEP10

NZa a = Value of sample excluded from computations.If this parameter is coded, sample values which are equal to the value"a" are not taken into account for average, median standard deviationcomputations.

Parameters defining amplitude clippingSCALEd d = Coefficient applied to input trace amplitudes before clipping.

This parameter multiplies the samples of the input trace when com-puting the statistical attributes.Limits: d > 0Defalut value: d = 1


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Parameters CLIPMIN and CLPMAX define the amplitude clipping threshold val-ues for lower and upper amplitudes. Threshold values are defined as a function ofthe standard deviation relative to the median amplitude (within the user defined timewindow).CLPMINa a = Coefficient applied to the standard deviation and defining the

threshold value for the lower side of the sample amplitudes. If this parameter is coded, the threshold value for the lower ampli-tude limit is equal to:

median − (a × standard deviation)Trace samples whose amplitudes are lower than this threshold valueare clipped.No default value (no clipping applied).

CLPMAX b = Coefficient applied to the standard deviation and defining thethreshold value for the upper side of the sample amplitudes. If this parameter is coded, the threshold value for the upper ampli-tude limit is equal to:

median + ( b × standard deviation)Trace samples whose amplitudes are higher than this threshold valueare clipped.No default value (no clipping applied).

Fc c = Coefficient applied to the threshold values.If coded, threshold values will be multiplied by c.Limits: 0 < c < 1Default value: c = 1

Note: The parameters CLPMIN, CLPMAX, and F cannot be coded if theAVE parameter is coded.

Option MGThe program puts a certain number of consecutive traces end to end into the outputbuffer.

Mandatory parametersNCn n = Number of traces to be put end to end (3 ≤ n ≤ 200).Bb b = Number of the secondary loop called when n input traces are

read.Note: If the sampling interval of the input traces is smaller than 1 ms, those

samples with times greater than the time stored in word 1 are set tozero in all traces of the output buffer. WORD1 = [((Number of samples per trace) × n−1) × SI (in micro-seconds)]/1000 and the result is rounded down to the nearest integer.


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Option MXWords 21 and 22 of the output trace header will contain the amplitude and time cor-responding to the maximum (minimum) encountered in a window of the trace. (Thistime is expressed in microseconds).WORDWi or MOTWi

i = Number of the trace header word containing the window refer-ence time (in ms).

Optional parametersLAj or DWj j = Time (ms) to be subtracted to WORDW content to get the begin-

ning of the window.LBk or FWk k = Time (ms) to be added to WORDW content to get the end of the

window.MAX Computation of the time of the maximum.MIN Computation of the time of the minimum.

(Default is MAX)ABS Search is done for the absolute maximum (instead of the maximum

or minimum).THRESHn Any trace which has a maximum (or minimum or absolute maxi-

mum) greater (or less) than n is clipped. The default is -9999999.9.The samples surrounding the maximum are zeroed.

Lm Length zeroed on either side of the maximum (in milliseconds). Bydefault, m = 100.

TAPp Tapering applied at the edges of the zeroed zone (in milliseconds).By default, p = 20.

If the computation of the time of the beginning of the window as a function ofWORDWi and DWj gives a negative value, EVERY sets the beginning of the win-dow at 0.In the same manner, if the computation of the time of the end of the window as afunction of WORDWi and FWk gives a value that is greater than the trace length,EVERY sets the end of the window at the end of the trace.

t=0 LABEL(MOTW)-LA LABEL(MOTW) LABEL(MOTW) + LB

•----------------------•---------------------------•---------------------------•----------------->


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Option PCThe coding is: PCTp, IS1=ECThis option is used to compare two traces, by individual samples. The first trace isin the input buffer and the second in an auxiliary buffer coded by IS1=EC.PCTp If the difference between the same order samples of the two traces

exceeds “p” percent, an informative message is printed.The output trace contains the absolute value of the difference between same ordersamples belonging to the two traces to be compared expressed as a percentage.Example:

Option PKSearch for the maximum or minimum of the trace between WORD6 and WORD1,whose absolute value is strictly greater than k times the average value of the abso-lute values of the trace computed in a window with length i and starting fromWORD6The time of this extremum is set in the output trace header.All parameters are optional.WORDm or MOTm

m = Value of the word in which the time of the extremum is stored.If no value meets the search condition, a value of 9999 is stored.By default, m = 22.

Kk To determine the threshold, the average value is multiplied by coef-ficient k.By default, k = 10.

Li The average value is calculated in a window whose bounds areWORD6 and WORD6 + i.By default, i = 5 × sampling interval.

Option PPThe program points up to 10 successive extremes (alternating maximum and mini-mum) beginning with the extreme closest at the given time. This time can be giveneither by the PMpTt pair or by LIBRI HZ.For each trace the couples (time × 10, amplitude) are saved in Words 21 to 40 of theoutput trace header.

Mandatory parametersThe CDP-time correlation must be provided:• either by referring to an HZ library specified in the data field:

* EVERY PC EA EB PCT2.,IS1=EC


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LHZn n = Number of the LIBRI HZ giving the CDP-time correlations.• or by entering the pairs PMiTj,PMkTl

(i,j) ... (k,l) = Pairs which give the explicit CDP-time correlation.

Optional parametersMAX If the first extreme searched for around time t is a maximum.MIN If the first extreme searched for around time t is a minimum.

(Default is MAX)NPHASi i = Number of extremes tested. By default, i = 5

PHASEj j = The first extreme searched for around time t is the jst extremeamong those to be pointed. By default, j = 1. j must be less than orequal to i.

Hk In the case where the LIBRI HZ contains several horizons, the kth

horizon is selected to define the PMiTj pairs. (This parameter is man-datory if there are several horizons).

PRINT For each trace, the (time × 10, amplitude) pairs are printed on listingwith the CDP number.

Option SHThis option is used to shift the input trace of a value proportional to the samplinginterval, in one sense or the other. The applied shift is added to the WORD46 of theoutput trace.DPa a = Shift in ms, to be applied to the input trace.

A sample being at time ti at input will be at time ti-a at output.

If a is negative, the length of the output trace is equal to the length ofthe input trace -a.Samples at the beginning of the trace are zeroed over lal ms.If a is positive, the length of the output trace is equal to the length ofthe input trace.Samples at the end of the trace are zeroed over a ms.

WORDn n = Number of a trace header word. The shift to be applied is equalto the content of this word divided by eight. Operations performedare the same as for parameter DPa unless the shift is negative.The length of the output trace is then equal to the length of the inputtrace.In this case, some information is therefore lost.


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Option TCThe output trace is the input trace correlated in time.Ei (1 ≤ i ≤ n) represents the samples of the input trace; Si (1 ≤ i ≤ n) the samples ofthe output trace. α and β are two floating-point values.The output trace is defined by the recurrence:S1 = β E1

Si = α Si-1 + β Ei (2 ≤ i ≤ n).

This option can be used to transform white noise to a noise Ei (1 ≤ i ≤ n) correlatedin time.

For example, if α is a floating-point value, and , the associated cova-riance is exponential to the parameter -1/lnα.

Optional parametersALPHAa a = Value of α. By default, a = 0.BETAb b = Value of β. By default, b = 0.

Option TRIS1=EX,WORDn

The input trace is entirely transferred to the output buffer, except forWORDn (or several WORDn) read from the header of the trace inthe EX buffer.If WORDn is not coded, the whole header of buffer EX is transferredexcept WORD1, WORD6, WORD9, WORD10, WORD11, andWORD16.The length of the output trace must not exceed the length of the inputtrace.

β 1 α2–=


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TRACE HEADER

Options AD, CS, DE, DI, EX, IN, IV, MU, PO, SH, SN, SU

Status of the output trace header

X = updated word 0 = zeroed word blank = directly transcribed

Words 1 and 6 are updated.All other header words are directly transcribed without modification.

Particular case: SH optionDPa parameter only with a < 0. Word 10 of the output trace is equal to word 10 of the input trace −a.For a ≥ 0 or when using parameter WORDn, whatever the sign of a, the value ofWORD 10 at output is equal to the value of WORD 10 at input.WORD 46 of the output trace is equal to WORD 46 of the input trace + a.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WORDS 1 to 10 X XWORDS 11 to 20WORDS 21 to 30WORDS 31 to 40WORDS 41 to 50WORDS 51 to 60WORDS 61 to 64


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Option PK

Word 22 is updated (by default).All other header words are directly transcribed without modification.

Option MX


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WORDS 1 to 10WORDS 11 to 20WORDS 21 to 30 XWORDS 31 to 40WORDS 41 to 50WORDS 51 to 60WORDS 61 to 64

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WORDS 1 to 10WORDS 11 to 20WORDS 21 to 30 X XWORDS 31 to 40WORDS 41 to 50WORDS 51 to 60WORDS 61 to 64


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Options IZ, EL


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WORDS 1 to 10 X XWORDS 11 to 20WORDS 21 to 30WORDS 31 to 40WORDS 41 to 50WORDS 51 to 60WORDS 61 to 64


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EXAMPLES

Example 1

* BOUCL 1* DAGEN RD EA RL2000,SI4,D400,UPW,NT2, MOT19=20,MOT4=900,MOT2=2000,MOT20=1500, MOT5=800,MOT3,BIT(6-32)=1,MOT18=10, - 148,- 107, 120, 66, 344, 301,- 572,- 659, 548, 1400, 1135, 940, 1404, 1199, 264,-1149,-1914,-1442,- 602,- 492,- 777,- 509,- 507,- 39, 563, 383,- 278,- 385, 385, 977, 614, 784, 642, 160, 89, 134, 77, 38,- 22,- 480,-1095,- 752,- 77, 381, 297,- 144,- 369,- 74, 245,- 80,- 669,- 759,- 334, 550, 1200, 905, 99,- 213, 102, 519, 502,- 249,- 980,- 966,- 308, 441, 755, 516, 98, 32, 326,- 16, -844,-1058,- 423, 385, 367,- 395,- 759,- 126, 499, 519, 699, 846, 237,- 314,- 35, 427, 312,- 110,- 48, 454, 276,- 949,-1682,-1177, -309, 290, 402, 110, 1, 647, 1463, 841,- 730,-1128,- 510, 72, -81,- 642,- 535, 256, 1067, 1308, 702,- 275,- 226, 751, 503,- 836, 453, 44,- 185,* DAGEN RP EX RL2000,SI4* EVERY AD EA EB IS1=EX* LISTE EB* EVERY SU EA EB IS1=EX* LISTE EB* EVERY MU EA EB MOT18* LISTE EB* EVERY DI EA EB MOT18* LISTE EB* EVERY EA EB PCT2.,IS1=EX* LISTE EB* FINBO* FINBO* PROCS XB1

Example 2

* BOUCL 1* DAGEN RP EA RL1000,SI4,NT100* EVERY ET EA EB MOT4,B3,PF=EVERY,LST1,NECH1000* FINBO* BOUCL 3* LISTE EB* FINBO* PROCS XB1


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Example 3

* LIBRI CN 01 LPASS(167,250),511* BOUCL 1* DAGEN RD EA 0,100,-178,350,-772,1000,-772,350,178,100, 0,Z978,S12,NT1,RL1000* EVERY IZ EA EB ISAMP1* FILTR EB EC LCN1* EVERY EL EC ED FSAMP3* LISTE ED * FINBO* PROCS XB1


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