Evening Paid Parking Rep Final 20140418

SEATTLE EVENING PAID PARKING STUDY PUBLISHED APRIL 2014 

Extendingon‐streetparkinguntil8PMhaspositivelyhelpedpeoplefindparkingintheearlyeveninginseveralofourmostvibrantbusinessdistricts.

SDOT EVENING PAID PARKING REPORT  

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TableofContents

Summary_________________________________________________________________________________________2

Introduction_____________________________________________________________________________________3

RationaleforEveningPaidParking.........................................................................................................4

InfluenceofEveningPaidParkinginSeattle__________________________________________________5

Belltown..........................................................................................................................................................7

CapitolHill......................................................................................................................................................9

DennyTriangleSouth.............................................................................................................................10

Pike‐Pine......................................................................................................................................................12

UniversityDistrict....................................................................................................................................13

Uptown.........................................................................................................................................................15

2013EveningParkingData___________________________________________________________________17

2013Results...................................................................................................................................................17

ExtendedEveningCollection...................................................................................................................20

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Summary

Thisreportprovidesbackgroundinformationoneveningpaidparking,acomparisonofoccupancyratesbeforeandafterimplementation,andanoverviewofeveningparkingoccupancydatafromthe2013AnnualPaidParkingStudy.

TheSeattleDepartmentofTransportation(SDOT)manages12,000on‐streetpaidparkingspacesinabout20downtownandneighborhoodbusinessdistricts.Since2010,wehavesettherates,hoursofoperationandmaximumtimelimitsbasedonannuallycollecteddatathroughourPerformance‐BasedParkingPricingProgram.Thisprogramreliesonoccupancydataandparkingmanagementtoreachagoalonetotwospacesavailableperblockincommercialareas.Thisparkingavailabilitymakesvisitorandshopperaccesseasierandresultsinlesstrafficcongestionandvehicleemissionsfromcirclingvehicles.

In2011and2012,SDOTimplementedeveningpaidparkinguntil8PMineightneighborhoodswithactivenightlife,representingaround45percentoftotalcitywideon‐streetpaidspaces.InallbuttheChinatown/InternationalDistrict(ID),thetimelimitafter5PMisthreehoursinrecognitionthatthedaytimetwo‐hourtimelimitdoesnotworkforeveningattractions.

Basedon2013dataresults,eveningparkingoccupancycontinuestobehigh,bothinneighborhoodswithandwithouteveningpaidparking.In2013,60percentofpaidparkingareasorsubareashavehigheroccupancyratesintheeveningthanduringtheday.NeighborhoodswithlowereveningoccupancythandaytimeoccupancyaregenerallylimitedtothoseinandarounddowntownSeattle.Basedonextendeddatacollectioninfourneighborhoods,eveningparkingoccupancyratesgenerallyplateauaround7PMor8PM.

Comparingoccupancysurveysbeforeandaftereveningpaidparkinginsixspecificneighborhoodsrevealsthateveningpaidparkinghasincreasedon‐streetparkingavailability.Onaverage,eveningpaidparkingreducedthe6PMoccupancyrateintheseneighborhoodsfrom93percentto73percentandthe7PMoccupancyfrom103percentto85percent.Thisreportprovidesdetailsbyneighborhood.

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Introduction

SDOT’sPerformance‐BasedParkingPricingProgram,establishedwith2010legislationintheMunicipalCode,workstoensureon‐streetparkingisconvenientandeasytofind.Rateandotheradjustmentsaremadeonanannualbasissothatoneortwospacesareopenandavailableoneachblockfacethroughouttheday.Weconductanannualcitywidesurveyofpaidparkingoccupancyandcompareresultsagainstatargetrangeof70–85percent,plusanannualwatchlist.Resultsfromthisprocessguiderate,hoursofoperations,andtimelimitchanges.1

Throughthisprogram,mostparkingrateortimelimitadjustmentshavebeenappliedtodaytimeparking.However,inmanyareas,eveningdemandisoftenhigherthandaytimedemand.In2013,approximately60percentofpaideveningareashadhigheroccupancylevelsduringtheeveningthanduringdaytimehours.2Areaswithnightlifeattractionsthatareadjacenttoresidentialareas(suchasCapitolHill,Fremont,andBallard)showasharpincreaseinoccupancyleadinguptotheendofpaidparkinghours.

Recognizingthateveningparkingdemandoutpacessupplyinmanyareas,SDOTextendedpaidparkinghoursincertainneighborhoodsfrom6PMto8PM,startingin2011.TheseneighborhoodsareidentifiedinTable1.Thisreportprovidesinformationonhowoccupancyrateschangedbeforeandaftertheimplementationofeveningpaidparkingandcurrenteveningparkingoccupancydata.

Table1.EveningPaidParkingImplementationDatesNeighborhood EveningPaidParkingImplementationCompletion

CommercialCore June2011

Belltown August2011

Chinatown‐ID August2011

Pike‐Pine September2011

CapitolHill September2011

UniversityDistrict October2011

Uptown October2011

DennyTriangleSouth May2012

1SDOTsetthisstandardcitywidetargetrangein2013tosimplifyfromearliertargetsthatvariedbyneighborhood.2Formoredetailsabouttheparkingmanagementprogram,pleaserefertohttp://www.seattle.gov/transportation/parking/signs_icons.htm

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RATIONALE FOR EVENING PAID PARKING 

Inmanycities,paidparkinghourshavetraditionallyendedat6PM.Researchershavenotedthatthiscanbetiedtotwofactors3:

Historically,businessesdistrictsweredominatedbyretailthatgenerallyclosedby6PM Ratesandtimelimitsinplaceduringthedaytocreateturnovermaynotbeapplicableto

preventingeveningparkingshortages.Historically,traditionalmetersdidnotallowfordifferentialratesandtimelimitsoverthecourseoftheday.

Asparkingmetertechnologyhasevolvedandeveningattractionsincitieshaveincreased,manycitieshavemovedtoextendon‐streetpaidparkinghoursintoeveningandnighthours.Basedonawebsurveyin2013,currentexamplesinclude:

Washington,DC:Paidparkingineight“premiumdemandzones”extendsuntil10PM,withmetersoperatinguntil6:30PMinotherneighborhoods

WestHollywood,CA:Paidparkinginhighdemandlocationsextendsuntil2AM,withmetersoperatinguntil8PM,10PM,or12AMinotherneighborhoods

Bloomington,IN:Downtownmetersoperateuntil10PM Boston,MA:Allcitymetersoperateuntil8PM Atlanta,GA:Inentertainment,restaurant,andhotelzones,metersoperateuntil10PM,withhours

extendinguntil6PMor7PMinotherareas Portland,OR:ParkingmetersinoneareaoftheLloydDistrictoperateuntil10PM,metersin

downtownPortlandoperateuntil7PM,andmetersinotherareasoperateuntil6PM Vancouver,BC:Allcitymetersoperateuntil10PMdaily

Justaspaidparkingduringthedaycanimproveaccesstobusinessdistricts,extendingpaidparkingcanenhanceaccesstoareaswithactiveeveningattractions.Eveningpaidparkingencouragesovernightorlong‐termparkerstoparkoff‐streetoroutofcommercialbusinessdistrictsduringtheearlyeveningpeak.Thisprioritizesstreetparkinginkeylocationsforshorter‐termuses,andkeepsparkingavailableforlocalbusinesscustomers.

3GregoryPierce&DonaldShoup(2013):“GettingthePricesRight,”JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssociation,79:1,67‐81.

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InfluenceofEveningPaidParkinginSeattle

SDOThascollectedannualparkingoccupancydatasince2010,allowingforacomparisonofeveningoccupancybeforeandaftereveningpaidparkingimplementation.Thissectioncontainsparkingoccupancydataforneighborhoodswheretheeveningrateimplementationanddatacollectionschedulesallowedforcomparison.4Figure1providesthe6PMand7PMoccupancyratesintheseneighborhoodsbeforeandaftereveningpaidparking.Figures2through11providefullafternoonandeveningparkingoccupancydetailforeachneighborhood.Unlessotherwiseindicated,parkingtimelimitsweretwohoursatthetimeofthesurvey.Inallfigures,dashedlinesorbarsindicatedatabeforeeveningpaidparking.

Thereareafewcaveatstocomparingoccupancydataoverdifferentyears.Changesinoccupancyafterimplementationofeveningpaidparkingcouldbepartlybasedonotherreasons.Theseinclude:

Additionalchangestoratesandtimelimits,whichoccurredinmultipleareas Differentblockfacesincludedintheannualsurvey Neighborhoodchanges,suchasnewdevelopmentsorpopularnewattractions Seasonalvariation,asdatawerecollectedduringdifferentmonthsfromyeartoyear Randomvariation,asoccupancyobservationsaregatheredforonlyonedayeachyear

Figure1indicatesthattherewasanincreaseinevening(6PM–8PM)parkingavailabilityinmostareasaftertheimplementationofeveningpaidparkingrates.TheonlyexceptionistheUptownPeripherywhereoccupancyslightlyincreasedat7PMaftertheimplementationofeveningpaidparking.

Evenwiththedecreaseinparkingoccupancyafterinstallationofeveningpaidparking,occupancyremainshighinmanyneighborhoods.Thebiggestchangeinoccupancyisseenat6PM,whichwaspreviouslythefirsthouroffreeeveningparking.Inmostneighborhoods,the6PMoccupancyafterimplementingeveningpaidparkinggenerallyalignswiththetargetoccupancyof70–85percent.By7PM,mostoftheareassurveyedareabovethetargetoccupancy,butmoreparkingisavailableascomparedtobeforethechangeinhours.ExceptfortheUniversityDistrictPeriphery,noareassawaprecipitousdropinoccupancywiththeadditionofeveningpaidparking.Occupanciesover90percentgenerallyindicatesqueeze‐inandillegalparking,withparkingtooclosetodriveways,firehydrants,orintersections.

4Unfortunately,forcomparisonpurposesCommercialCoreandChinatown/IDareashadtobeexcludedduetolengthyimplementationschedulesandfurtherchangestothepaidparkingarea,respectively.

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0%

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140%

Belltow

nNorth

Belltow

nSouth

CapitolHillNorth

CapitolHillSouth

DennyTriangleSouth

Pike‐Pine

U‐DistrictCore

U‐DistrictPeriphery

Uptow

nCore

*Uptow

nPeriphery

PercentofAvailableSpacesOccupied

Figure1.NeighborhoodComparisonofBeforeandAfterEveningPaidParking

6:00PMAfterEveningPaidParking 6:00PMBeforeEveningPaidParking

7:00PMAfterEveningPaidParking 7:00PMBeforeEveningPaidParking

TargetRange70%‐85% *IntheUptownPeriphery,the7 PMoccupancybeforeeveningpaidparkingwas77%

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Belltown 

Belltownisdividedintotwosubareas,northandsouthofBellStreet.SDOTcompletedeveningpaidparkingimplementationinAugust2011.Basedonsurveytiming,thisprovidestwoyearsofdatabeforeandaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.

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Figure2.BelltownNorthAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.50‐8am‐6pm

June2011$2.00‐8am‐6pm

November2012$2.00‐8am‐8pm‐4h

March2013$2.00‐8am‐8pm‐4h

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Figure3.BelltownSouthAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.50‐8am‐6pm

June2011$2.00‐8am‐6pm

November2012$2.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

March2013$2.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

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Capitol Hill 

CapitolHillisdividedintonorthandsouthsubareaswithEJohnStreetservingastheboundary.The2013datacollectionincludedobservationsthrough11PM.SDOTimplementedeveningpaidparkinginSeptember2011.Basedonsurveytiming,therearetwoyearsofdatabeforeandaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.

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Figure4.CapitolHillNorthAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.008am‐6pm

June2011$3.00‐8am‐6pm

August2012$3.00‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

April2013$3.00‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

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Figure5.CapitolHillSouthAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.00‐8am‐6pm

June2011$3.00‐8am‐6pm

August2012$2.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

April2013$2.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

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Denny Triangle South 

WeimplementedeveningpaidparkinginMay2012inDennyTriangleSouth.Basedonsurveytiming,thisprovidestwoyearsofdatabeforeandaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.

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PercentofAvailableSpacesOccupied

Figure6.DennyTriangleSouthAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.50‐8am‐6pm

June2011$2.50‐8am‐6pm

October2012$2.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5PM

March2013$2.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5PM

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Pike‐Pine 

WeimplementedeveningpaidparkinginSeptember2011inPike‐Pine.Basedonsurveytiming,thisprovidestwoyearsofdatabeforeandaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.The2013datacollectionincludedobservationsthrough11PM.

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140%

PercentofAvailableSpacesOccupied

Figure7.Pike‐PineAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.00‐8am‐6pm

June2011$2.00‐8am‐6pm

June2012$2.00‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

March2013$2.00‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

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University District 

UniversityDistrict(U‐District)isdividedintoacoreandperipheryarea.SDOTimplementedeveningpaidinOctober2011.Basedonsurveytiming,thisprovidesoneyearofdatabeforeandtwoyearsaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.

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PercentofAvailableSpacesOccupied

Figure8.U‐DistrictCoreAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

June2011$1.50‐8am‐6pm

October2012$2.00‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

March2013$2.00‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

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Figure9.U‐DistrictPeripheryAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

June2011$1.50‐8am‐6pm

November2012$1.50‐8am‐8pm‐4h

March2013$1.50‐8am‐8pm‐4h

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Uptown 

Uptownisdividedintoacoreandperipheryarea.WeimplementedeveningpaidparkinginOctober2011.Basedonsurveytiming,thisprovidestwoyearsofdatabeforeandaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.TheUptownPeripherywastheonlyneighborhoodtoshowaslightincreaseinparkingoccupancyaftertheadditionofeveningpaidparking.

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PercentofAvailableSpacesOccupied

Figure10.UptownCoreAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.00‐8am‐6pm

June2011$1.50‐8am‐6pm

September2012$1.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

March2013$1.50‐8am‐8pm3hafter5pm

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Figure11.UptownPeripheryAfternoon/EveningParkingOccupancy

November2010$2.00‐8am‐6pm

June2011$1.50‐8am‐6pm

September2012$1.50‐8am‐8pm‐4h

March2013$1.50‐8am‐8pm‐4h

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2013EveningParkingData

Theprevioussectionuseddatafrom2010through2013tocompareoccupancybeforeandaftertheimplementationofeveningpaidparking.Thissectionprovidesmoredetailsoneveningparkingoccupancyratesfromthe2013datasurvey,whichincludedextendedeveningdatacollectionincertainneighborhoods.5

2013 RESULTS 

In2013,SDOTcollecteddatauntil8PMinallneighborhoods,andseveralneighborhoodswerecounteduntil11PM.6Table2showsthedistributionofeveningpeakparkingoccupancybyneighborhoodorsubarea.Boldindicatespaymentisrequireduntil8PM;meterhoursendat6PMinallotherneighborhoodsorsubareas.

Table2.PeakEveningParkingTimePeriodbyNeighborhood,2013Survey* 

6:00PMPeak 7:00PMPeak 8:00PMPeak

BelltownSouth 12thAvenue BelltownNorth**

CommercialCoreFinancial BallardCore CapitolHillNorth

CommercialCoreWaterfront BallardPeriphery CapitolHillSouth

DennyTriangleNorth CherryHill Chinatown‐IDCore**

DennyTriangleSouth FirstHill Chinatown‐IDPeriphery**

GreenLake Fremont CommercialCoreRetail**

U‐DistrictPeriphery Pike‐Pine UptownCore**

  PioneerSquareCore

  PioneerSquarePeriphery

  Roosevelt

  SouthLakeUnion2‐Hour

  SouthLakeUnion10‐Hour

  U‐DistrictCore

  UptownPeriphery

*Bold indicates payment is required until 8:00 PM.** Indicates last observation. Actual peak may have occurred later. 

5Forthefullreport,includingmapsofthepaidparkingareas,pleaserefertothecitywide2013PaidParkingSummaryReportavailableathttp://www.seattle.gov/transportation/parking/docs/2013_Paid_Parking_Report_final.pdf.6Thesetimesindicatewhenneighborhoodorsubareacountsbegan.Thecountmethodismanual,soactualobservationsoccurduringsomepointofthestatedhour.Forexample11PMcountsonagivenblockmayhavebeencollectedat11:30PM.

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Themostfrequentpeakhouris7PM,buttherearemultipleneighborhoodsthatshowedaneveningpeakduringthelastsurveyat8PM.Itispossiblethatthepeakoccurredafter8PMintheseneighborhoods.

Table3comparesthe12PMand7PMoccupancyrates.Inmostneighborhoods,12PMisthehighestmiddayparkingoccupancy.Itisprovidedtocomparehowoccupancyvariesfrommiddaytoevening.Asitindicates,mostneighborhoodshavehigherparkingoccupancyduringtheeveningthanduringthedaytime.Someneighborhoods,likeFirstHill,havehighoccupancyratesbothduringthedayandtheevening.

The2012and2013eveningoccupancyratesshowgenerallyconsistencyyear‐over‐year.Eveningpeakoccupancyvaluesbetween6PMand8PMin2013werewithin15percentofthosein2012withthreeexceptions:

CommercialCoreWaterfront,wherepeakeveningoccupancyincreasedfrom42percentin2012to87percentin2013

PioneerSquarePeriphery,wherepeakeveningoccupancyincreasedfrom50percentin2012to80percentin2013

CommercialCoreFinancial,wherepeakeveningoccupancyincreasedfrom54percentin2012to78percentin2013

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Table 3. 12 PM and 7 PM Occupancy, 2013 Survey* 

Neighborhood 12PMOccupancy** 7PMOccupancy Difference(7PM–12PM)

12thAvenue 60% 108% 48%

BallardCore 75% 103% 28%

BallardPeriphery 47% 99% 52%

BelltownNorth 49% 53% 4%

BelltownSouth 82% 93% 11%

CapitolHillNorth 84% 98% 14%

CapitolHillSouth 58% 101% 43%

CherryHill 71% 68% ‐3%

Chinatown/IDCore 87% 72% ‐15%

Chinatown/IDPeriphery 70% 52% ‐18%

CommercialCoreFinancial 91% 69% ‐22%

CommercialCoreRetail 83% 73% ‐10%

CommercialCoreWaterfront 72% 80% 8%

DennyTriangleNorth 59% 66% 7%

DennyTriangleSouth 95% 78% ‐17%

FirstHill 86% 91% 5%

Fremont 84% 98% 14%

GreenLake 63% 110% 47%

Pike‐Pine 71% 104% 33%

PioneerSquareCore 97% 78% ‐19%

PioneerSquarePeriphery 91% 80% ‐11%

Roosevelt 57% 88% 31%

SouthLakeUnion10‐Hour 90% 55% ‐35%

SouthLakeUnion2‐Hour 83% 72% ‐11%

U‐DistrictCore 74% 107% 33%

U‐DistrictPeriphery 59% 52% ‐7%

UptownCore 52% 93% 41%

UptownPeriphery 55% 88% 33%

UptownTriangle 56% 62% 6%

*Bold indicates evening paid parking area. 

** 12 PM was selected for comparison purposes only.

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EXTENDED EVENING COLLECTION 

Aspartofthe2013survey,wecollecteddatainsixareasafter8PM.Intheseareas,thelastdatacollectionoccurredbetween11PMand12AM.DashedlinesindicateFridayobservations,withsolidlinesrepresentingWednesdayorThursdaydata.

Theparkingoccupancyshowsthat,withtheexceptionoftheBallardCoreonFridayandPike‐Pine,eveningparkingdemandpeaksaround7PM–8PM.Occupancygenerallyshowsalargedropafteraround9PM.

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6:00PM 7:00PM 8:00PM 9:00PM 10:00PM 11:00PM

PercentofAvailableSpacesOccupied

Figure12.EveningOccupancy,ExtendedHoursCollection,Spring2013

BallardCore(Wednesday) BallardPeriphery(Wednesday)

BallardCore(Friday) BallardPeriphery(Friday)

Fremont(Thursday) CapitolHillNorth(Thursday)

CapitolHillSouth(Thursday) Pike‐Pine(Wednesday)

Pike‐Pine(Friday)