-
E,&wutes)ts are
choice
!ffiPART 1 (1 hour 15 minutes)You are going to read three
extracts which are all concerned in some way with sports.
Forquestions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think
fits best according to the
L-Exqm_$5-J*Don't forget thatthree of the answersare there to
distractyou from the correctone. There may besmall but
significantdifferences inmeaning in theanswer sentencesso read
carefullyand make sure youunderstand howone sentence differsfrom
another.
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: briefrte is
v'ing,
Thel andL
fvioeting,
cutor
andl
I .trt.ttug. board, which is very similar toi * g*"d old
skateboard' lt doesn't 3ound
too -hazardous, does it? The real danger
comes from the steep, winding road that
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tine 30 i$**.:ii:fsu:,
1 According to the writer, street luge ridersA believe the sport
should be acknowledged at an international level.B have seen the
sport becorne progressively more dangerous.C seem to thrive on the
danger involved in the sport.D believe the sport is often unfairly
labeled as too dangerous.
2 Why does the writer mention bullet-proof vests (line 30)?A to
show what is needed to stop when moving at high speedB to recommend
clothing suitable for street lugingG to reassure readers that
street luging is safeD to emphasise the risks the riders are
taking
ffi-ffireweeffiffiM&lf the traditional sports are losing
their
sparkle and you feel the need to risk lile
and limb then street luging migh! be iustin. tpor, for you!
First a word of warning-
*ni" i, not a iport for the faint of heart butif you do feel you
have the courage to
five it a wniil, it is bound to get your pulse
racing.Stieet luging bears little relation to its
wintry couiterpart, ice luging' and willorobablv never be
recognised as anbfympic sport. Street luge riders lie down
flai on their backs and try to steer a
they now hurtle down at speeds reaching
70 mph (115 km/h)' And to make it evenmore risky, the use of
brakes is strictlytoio'oo.niThese riders are not ashamedto taXe
pleasure in risking everything inpursuit of an adrenalin buzz'
You might be wondering howthey stop
be{ore thly hit that brick wall thatapproaches at speeds usually
only seen
on'motorways? Well, it's down to gravity
and a sturdy pair of leather or Kevlarboots. Perhaps you've
heard of Kevlar -it's the material that bullet-proof vests are
made of. This is a sport that' as long as
you survive and are able to walk awaywith no broken bones, will
have Youcoming back for more!
-
invotving bolls and bots, but with this cruciol
difference;boseboll is exciting ond when you go home ot the end of
thedoy you know who won.
l'm joking, of course. Cricket is o wonderful gome, full of
deliciouslyscottered micro-momenis of reol ociion, If o doctor ever
instructs me to
r, whot I ployed os o boy ond thot of course is vitolto ony
meoningfulIt's whot I grew up witl^oppreciotion of o sport, t hod
this brought home to me msny yeors ogo in Englondwhen I went out
onto o footboll pitch with o couple of guys io knock o boll
oround.
I hod wqtched footboll on TV ond thought I hod o foir ideo oJ
whot wos required. so whenone of them lofted o boll in my
direction, I decided to flick it cosuolly into the netwith my heod,
the woy I hod seen Kevin Keegon do it, I thought thot it would
be
like heilding o beochboll - thot there would be o gentle 'pon[
sound ondthotthe bollwould lightly leove my brow ond drift in o
pleosing orc into the
net, But of course it wos like heoding o bowling boll. I hove
never feltonything so stortlingly noi like I thought ii would feel,
I wslked
oround for four hours on wobbly legs with o big red circleond
the word M|TRE imprinted on my foreheod, ond
vowed never ogoin to do onYthing sofoolish ond poinful.
toke o complete rest ond nof get over-excited, I sholl become o
fon of once.ln the meontime, however, I hope you will understond
when Itetlyou thot my
heorl belongs to boseboll,
The writer compares baseball and cricket in order toA explain
his preference for one over the other.B emphasise the pointlessness
of cricket.C show how different they are to each other.D explain
his reasons for liking them.
The writer believes that he once had a bad experience while
playing footballbecauseA his expectations of playing differed to
the reality of it.B he chose to head the ball instead of kicking
it.C he had overestimated his sporting talent'D his opponents
didn't take into account his lack of experience,
-
Wka*us $e E&$qe fue$rxg ,;e $p*r&s #mm*mxmw
wn,&&er$se & rxa&fiwxxm& mffiwspep*tr?
Andrew Baker shares his experience of sports journatism.To be a
successful sports journalist, you need
the same curiosity, perseverance and literacy asany other
journalist, but also specialist knowledgeif you wish to cover one
sport in particular;diplomacy and humility if you need to cover
manysports (you will need to ask a lot of questions).Also, the
ability to write sensibly under extremepressure is essential if you
aspire to cover majorevents live.
It isn't necessary to hold a journalismdegree, but a degree of
some kind is beneficial,because you will have experience
ofmarshalling your thoughts under pressure. Inan ideal world, all
journalists would have anessay-based degree and a postgraduate
coursein journalism, especially important for knowingthe nuts and
bolts of sub-editing and how toavoid legal howlers.
Perhaps the best part of being a sportsjournalist is travelling
to interesting places andmeeting interesting people. Often, these
are notthe PR-protected megastars, but the passionateindividuals
who can tell you what is so specialabout their sport and, if you
are lucky, give yousome first-hand experlience. In my case,
l,vemessed, about on Ellen MacArthui,s:boat at 3amin a Brazilian
harbour, had a special drivinglesson from an'FJ star and done a lot
more funstuff that'had better not.be recorded. ' r,
According to the writer, one of the main benefits of obtaining a
qualification injournalism isA becoming skilled in writing good
quality essays.B learning how to express ideas quickly and
clearly.C gaining knowledge of the practical details of
journalism.D learning how to deal with the stress associated with
journalism.
what aspect of sports journalism is the writer emphasising in
the thirdparagraph?A the chance to meet famous peopleB the
necessity of personal participationC the satisfaction gained from
contact with enthusiastsD the fervour and dedication of some people
he meets
I
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II:
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AHT 2
you are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six
paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choosefrom the
parigrapns A-G the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one
extra paragraph which you do not need touse.
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From 30,000 ft. in the air, the Greenland ice cap
seemsimpregnable, nearly 800 trillion gallons of frozen waterlocked
safely away. But get closer and the cracks beginto emerge. Dancing
by helicopter above the mouth of thelakobshavn Glacieq near the
western coast of Greenland,you can make out veins of the purest
blue melt waterrunning between folds of ice.
Those icebergs are spat out into Disko Bay, 20 billionmetric
tons' worth every yea[ where they loom abovethe tiny fishing boats
that ply these deep, cold waters.Sail close and you'll find that
these seemingly permanentcathedrals of ice, some 200 ft. to 300 ft.
high, are leakingwater like broken pipes. They're fighting a war
and theyappear to be losing.
Dahl-iensen at the NEEM camp in Greenland. NEEMstands for North
Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (theacronym is Danish, as are the
leaders of the project), andthe scientists are digging deep into
the Greenland ice -more than a mile and a half deep to be precise -
to tryto understand its pedigree.
It's like tree rings but for climatic history, "In order
topredict the future, we have to understand the past," saysMinik
Rosing, a geologist at the University ofCopenhagen. NEEM is focused
on the Eemian stage, aperiod from about 115,000 to 130,000 years
ago, rightbefore the last ice age, when the world was warm -
quitewarm, about 9'F hotter in Europe than it is today.
Dahl-lensen believes that with enough information,they will be
able to project forward and understand justhow vulnerable Greenland
is to future melting. "With 10years of intense research, I think we
can reach a reliableestimate for that tipping point," she says.
If all the ice on Greenland were to melt tomorrow,global sea
levels would rise more than 20 ft. - enough toswamp many coastal
cities. Though no one thinks thatwill happen anytime soon, what
keeps glaciologistsawake at night is that thinking is not the same
asknowing - and no one can say with ceftaihty whatGreenland's fate
will be.
I got a firsthand look at such heroism this summerwhen I joined
a team of international researchers led by
I watch as a plume of mist fills the air where theiceberg once
was, while the fiord churns on' And then Iwonder, just how much
time do Greenland and the restof us have before it's too late? That
may be up to us -and the heroes we choose to follow.
-
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-
,,,PART 3You are going to read a magazine article. For questions
13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fitsbest
according to the text.
lF
I,[d1U
lllx
:''rr':' G'bbo was inspired,rto write Jle Decline and Falt
oft(4&oman'tmpire'iittingr on the *ip!lof'the capitol
atRometone evenilg'listening to *1ei,i 96und:of monkchantihg. My
o*n inspiration to Ueiijrc..i historicalbiographer eame in rather
less elevated ci$&sances, as, t""*g.t one rainy Oxford
afternoon: I began to readI Lytton,strachel"s EminentVictorians;
and was'in, par:ticularfascinated by hiiiessalr on Cardinal
}{anning.This was goingto be the life for me! Once back at sihool I
plunged intofurther research in'the libraryA very
differentiPtc&reemerged. Gradually ar I pursued the topic,l
became awareof Strachey's daring sallies into "artis.tic truth" (as
opposedto historical truth). Nevertheless I nevel forgot my
o1g]nalsense of being transported into a world more vivid thanrny
own.
An ability to convey this sensation is, I believe, at theheart
of the matter. lf you, the biographer' don't thrill toyour subject,
you can hardly in all fairness expect thereader to do so. ln a
sense (not of course the commercialsense) the choice of sublect is
irrelevant so long as it
2l meets that requirement.You could say that I was extremelyluc$
to choose Mary Queen of Scots for my first foraysince there proved
to be a world-wide public for thetroubles of the ill{ated Queen.
But you could argue equallythat I made my own luck, since I had
always been obsessedby Mary's story from childhood. Nor was success
fore-ordained. lt was, after all, the leading publisher
MarkBonham-Carter of (then) Collins who said to me when Iconfessed
my project, "They say that all books on MaryQueen of Scots sell and
no books on South America do",before adding with a laugh, "Perhaps
yours will be theexception."
Nevertheless I did have luck. ln the 60s, so-callednarrative
biography was said to be out of fashion' MaryQueen of Scots was an
early beneficiary from the fact thatthe public continued to have an
appetite for it, so long asthe research was felt to be solid.
The actual research for a biography - now that's awhole other
matter.The paramount need for it - historicaltruth not
Stracheyesque truth must be established -means that biographers
discover for themselves the reality
of Dr:Johnsons ndso&tu*:.:jA:,,man wtll turnr ovsi |itlf
1,,,,,. :,1'',library to make a book"
And.what abcxit,,ihose tabled thingi boasted qf onr: ,.,blurbs:
hitherto ,unpubliihed docum6n*? Obviousli 'i1 i5 ';11': ':,:'):
.every researcher's dieam to discalYli'such paper!, andtheir
discovery oiiee again may make,e proiect commeriial 'r ..whi&
would not btherwise'be io' Atr the same time Iwould ' issue a
caveat abo,(t hitherto unPublished ,r' r.
, documents. HUD9tiid' not in themselves, mote valuablethan the
printed sources
- it's a historical'coincidence that
,
ohe set has become known early on,thg other,not. Oneir'''needs
to evaluate tftem even more closely. Here I speakfrom personal
experience.A series of chances led me todiscovering some hitherto
unpublished letters,,' of OliverCromwell just as I was finishing my
manuscripc I blazonedmy finds across the text only to realise at
the proof stage,that they might be unpublished but they were not
veryimportant in the grand scheme of things ... an
expensivemistake.
Where the perils and pleasures of writing historicalbiography
are concerned, there are two perils which seemto me to raise points
of principle.The first is the peril ofanachronistic iudgements. For
example, in the l6th century linemore or less everybody took
astrolory seriously and moreor less everybody enjoyed a jolly
afternoon out to see thebears baited. lt's no good dismissing the
former asmeaningless and cringing from the latter as
disgusting.
I would further cite the peril of hindsight.We may knowthat
HenryVlll will marry six times, but he didn't, and hewould have
been amazed if it had been predicted at thetime of his first
marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
And the pleasuresl Manifold! Principal among themhowever is the
opportunityto lead a life less ordinary.As a biographer, I can
ruleover kingdoms, lead thecavalry into battle, patronisethe great
artists of the pastand all without leaving mychair.
-
.r think fits EXOmRead the textutremely carefullyh order
todrstinguish betweenapparently similarviewpoints,outcomes
orreasons.
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iPARr 4
you are going to read some reviews of wildlife books. For
questions 20-34, choose fromthe reviews (A-G).The reviews may be
chosen more than once'
)L_ExqmJ&-J*Read the questionsfirst and underlinethe key
words sothat you knowexactly what you arelooking for in
thetexts.
ln which review are the following mentioned?
feelings of inadequacy in relation to others
the fact that the reviewer does not apologise for selecting the
book
a failure to respond sufficiently to an appeal
the fact that an author openly reveals details of a personal
nature
readers being able to identify with an authorls linerof
thinking
an author's succdssful exploration of the most oentral aspectsof
a matter
the successful portrayal of an instinctive connection
an ignorance of deeper meanings, which later became apBarent
a well-organised and aesthetically pleasing book
a reviewer's changed reaction to a creature since reading the
book
the book provokes'a reacJion even if readers''oplnions differ
fromthose of the authorls
a suggestion that a book was not aniobvious choicelor a
reviewer
an author rekindling a lost closeness with the naturalworld
an assurance.that knowlOdge acquired will enhance a
reader'sappreciation of nature
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14
I multiple descriptionsof the same thingI
-
roose fromMalcolm Tait, editor of Coing, Going, Cone?, an
illustratedcompilation of 100 animals and plants in danger of
extinction,reviews his favourite wildlife books.
A: Nature Cure by Ricllard Mabeylf the best wildlife writing
reveals as much about the writer as thewildlife itself, then this
is the best of them all. Mabey is brutallytrank and honest about
his own life, his depression, and his fearthat nature may no longer
hold the answers for him. The more hetries to engage with it, the
more disconnected from the world hefeels. But the book charts his
path out of despair, as he finds arvay to let nature back in and
fire up the wild bits of hisimagination. lt's a fascinating book,
written in Mabey,s richlyevocative language, and it's painful too:
probably the bestunderstanding of 'biophilia', mankind's innate
relationship withnature, out there.
B: The iungle Book by Rudyard Kiplinghlpling, I think, was where
much of it began for me. I adored hisanimal tales as a lad, such as
the idiosyncratic, rocking-chair-by-*re.fireside fables of the Just
So Stories and the heroic and:uspense-filled Rikki-tikki-tavi. But
it was The Jungle Book that:'eally gripped me, a rite of passage
yarn in which the vicissitudesof life were represented by the
forces of nature. Of course, Ididn't understand all this at the
time
-
ljust loved reading aboutBaloo, Bagheera and all and singing
along to the songs of theDisney version
-
but I now realise that I grew up with Mowgli,anrd that l've been
going back to the jungle ever since.
C How to be a Bad Birdwatcher by Simon Barnes]ou know the
feeling: you're reading a boo( and as you turn everypage you're
nodding in agreemen! as if the writer has popped intoror-rr head
and committed your own thoughts to paper. This is one':r fiose
books. It's about being a normal birdwatcher,
reasonablyrrorvledgeable, constantly passionate, but often a bit
confused as toiuhd r.ou've seen or heard, and with the vague
feeling that everyoneelse rotr're with knows so much more. It's the
book for those of usmrro ind birdwatching pleasurable, not
competitive, and it's terribly'iunn'to boot. Ialways smile, now,
when I see a sparrowhawk. I urgern,on: to read this book to find
out why.
IL Field Cuide to the Dragonflies and Damselflies of
GreatBritain and Northern lreland by Steve Brooks and
Richardlewington
roir.: can't have a list of wildlife books without including a
guide:mk. l've gone for this excellent little number, partly
because it,s:earh, written and well laid out, partly because it's
superbly[J[r:;strated, but mainly because a whole new world has
opened up:on rne since buying it. lf you've never looked closely at
natureseiore, this book will set you in the right direction, and
I{:;arantee that as you get to know these fascinating creatures,,
u'll have new marvels to understand and enjoy every time you:arie a
summer walk.
*ffifld S*ds
E: The Future of tife by EO WilsonHere's a fascinating book
which is a great example ofconservation-based writing. The
ecological debate will alwaysrage on
- should mankind continue to experiment with new
sciences and discoveries, or are we destroying our world
andourselves in the process
- and Wilson gets to the heart of the
arguments superbly, driven by a constant love of the animals
withwhich we share the planet. Agree with him or not, he's
astimulating writer and this is a stimulating book.
F: The World's Vanishing Animals by Cyril l-iftlewood and
DWOvenden
An unashamedly nostalgic. choice. Published in two
volumes(mammals and birds) in 1969, this was my introduction to
theidea that extinction wasn't just for dinosaurs and dodos. I used
topore over Denys Ovenden's illustrations of familiar polar
bearsand black rhinos, dnd less familiar takahes and nyalas,
andwonder whether I could do any.thing to help. Published by
theWildlife Youth Service, part of Peter Scott's WWF, it was a call
toaction for young folk. Trouble is, we haven't fully listened to
it.The book's dustjacket records that about 1,000 animal
specieswere faced with extinction at time of publication: today,
theWorld Conservation Union's Red List of animals about which tobe
concerned contains over '16,000 entries.
G: The Peregrine byfA BakerThe last in my list is, perhaps
oddly, a book I haven't yet read. l,veincluded it because l've only
recently heard about it, I can't waitto read it, and I don't see
why I can't find something new in thislist, as well as you. By all
accounts, the book is a reminder of thewildness of England (it was
published in'1967), and a tour deforce of language as Baker
explains over and over again, yetgrippingly and compellingly, the
daily hunts of a local falcon.Sounds superb.
E
-
end of somearnple at the hm
ftad sentencesnry carefullyhause therefl be cluesqarding-aning
andmd class.
ffi&Br +
For questions 38-42 think of one word only which can be used
appropriately in all threesentences. Here is an example (0).
O She commented that it was about ........t.1I,.9.....,.. she
started helping more aroundthe house.People's eating habits have
drastically changed over ......,tim.9........ .We took
........tim.?........ to stop and admire the view on our
journey.
Example: O I TIME I:O
38 I can't buy any new clothes at the moment; l'm completelyThe
vase ..... after the cat knocked it otf the shelf.Tim lost
everything when his company went ..........
Eventually it ........................ out to be a beautiful
day.Brian .......... to his father for support after his terrible
accident.Sorry about your T-shirt; it .............. green in the
wash!
I expected John to call me that night and .........,.. enough,
he did.Be ........;..... to lock the door when you leave the
house.
41 Apparently, Jim and Mary's house is ........................
twice what it was whenthey bought it.He told her that it wasn't
..... getting so upset over something sosmall.The storm caused
thousands of pounds' ..... of damage topeople's homes.
42 The noise had been getting on Samantha's ............. all
morning.Tom often goes jogging to calm his ..... before making
apresentation.He damaged some of the ..... in his hand in the
accident.
40
-
fxomlf your ideadoesn't fitnaturally into 3-6words, don'tforce
it. lt'sprobably wrong.
For questions 43-50 complete the second sentence so that it has
a similar meaning tofirst sentence, using the word given. Do not
change the word given. You must usethree and six words, including
the word given. Here is an example (0).
O He always gives the impression that he's very
confident.ACROSSHe always .............:..... ......very
confident.
Example: O I COITIES ACROSS AS BEING I _ O _
l'm sure Sarah didn't mean to hurt your feelings.INTENT!ONl'm
sure Sarah ................... . your feelings.Andrew's behaviour
was unforgivable.EXCUSEThere's ...... Andrew behaved.We need the
public's support for the project to work.SUCCEEDWhether the project
.... on thepublic's support.
I usually drink a cup of coffee first thing in the
morning.HABITI am .......... . a cup of coffee first thing in the
morning.
'Why don't you go to the dentist's, Steve?' said his
wife.SUGGESTEDSteve's wife ........... to the dentist's.
Could you please pass me my book?KINDWould as to pass me my
book?There isn't much chance that Sue will win the
race.PROSPECTS
Ken's lies completely deceived me.TAKENI ................ Ken's
lies.
44
46
48
5
50