Evaluation of the impact of dispatched- by-design operation on … · 2017-02-17 · Evaluation of the impact of dispatched-by-design operationon powersystem reserverequirements FabrizioSossan

Evaluation of the impact of dispatched-by-design operation on power system reserve requirementsFabrizio Sossan

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Evaluation of the impact of dispatched-by-design operation on power system

reserve requirementsF a br iz io So ssa n* , Mo k hta r B o z o r g

D ist r ibut e d Ele c t r ica l Sy st e ms L a bo ra t or yEP F L

F u t u r e E l e c t ri c P o w e r S y s te ms a n d t h e E n e r g y T r a n s i ti o nI n t e r n a ti o n al c o n fe re n ce

C h a m p é r y , S w i t ze rl an d , F e b . 6 2 0 1 7


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Outline of the presentation

§ The dispatched-by-design architecture

§ Motivations of this research

§ Methods for the evaluation of system reserve

§ Results – reliability indexes, and economic comparison

between cost of storage vs centralized procurement of reserve

§ Conclusions


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The dispatched-by-design concept

• The flow of electrical networks is dispatched according to sequences established before operation (based on forecast).

• In real-time, the mismatch between the realization and plan is compensated for by exploiting local flexibility.

M. Marinelli, F. Sossan, G. Costanzo, and H. Bindner, “Testing of a predictive control strategy for balancing renewable sources in a microgrid,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2014.B. Biegel, P. Andersen, J. Stoustrup, M. B. Madsen, L. H. Hansen, L. H. Rasmussen et al., “Aggregation and control of flexible consumers–a real life demonstration,” in Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 2014. M. Abu Abdullah, K. Muttaqi, D. Sutanto, and A. Agalgaonkar, “An effective power dispatch control strategy to improve generation schedu- lability and supply reliability of a wind farm using a battery energy storage system,” Sustainable Energy, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 6, 2015.F. Sossan, E. Namor, R. Cherkaoui and M. Paolone, "Achieving the Dispatchability of Distribution Feeders Through Prosumers Data Driven Forecasting and Model Predictive Control of Electrochemical Storage," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 7,no. 4, pp. 1762-1777, Oct. 2016.


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Dispatched-by-design operation – Pros and cons

Bottom-up approach to the problem of reserve procurement.

§ Coordination is given by the operator commitment to track a pre-established dispatch plan, e.g. way less complex than transactional control strategies.

§ Separation of concerns between TSO and DSOs: the dispatch plan can be designed to satisfy a local objective.

§ Suitable to operate even in vertically operated power systems.

§ It does not allow to interface residual flexibility to the upper grid layer.


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Dispatched-by-design – Flexibility?

Fig.: Equivalent Storage Capacity per unit of cost: electrochemical storage and space heating-based demand response appear as most convenient choices.

F. Sossan, “Equivalent Electricity Storage Capacity of Domestic Thermostatically Controlled Loads”, Energy, 2017, to appear.


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We consider dispatched-by-design operation as holistic criterion for large-scale integration of storage in distribution networks.

The main questions we address in this research are:• Which is the impact on dispatched-by-design operation on

power system reserve requirements and reliability?

• Is it economically viable compared to conventional centralized procurement of reserve?

Motivations for this research


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Methods

For a given case study (power plants fleet and network topology), we apply a three-stage approach:

• Scenario Generation (demand, distributed generation and

power plants/line outages)

• System response computation (system frequency)

• Evaluation of reliability metrics (expected load not served,

ELNS)


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Methods – Scenario Generation

• Demand and distributed generation (prosumption) modelled at the

MV/HV interface (primary substations)

• Prosumption realizations from nominal aggregated profiles with additive

random components to model forecast errors.

• Transmission lines and power plants outages modelled as Markov chain.


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Methods – System Response Computation

Fig.: Simulation framework.O. Alizadeh Mousavi, R. Cherkaoui, M. Bozorg, Blackouts risk evaluation by Monte Carlo Simulation regarding cascading outages and system frequency deviation, Electric Power Systems Research, 2012.O. Alizadeh Mousavi, M. Bozorg, R. Cherkaoui, M. Paolone, Inter-area frequency control reserve assessment regarding dynamics of cascading outages and blackouts, Electric Power Systems Research, 2014.


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Methods – Case study

Danish transmission system (Energinet public data)

§ 166 transmission lines at 400 and 132~kV

§ Known topology and cables type

§ Interconnections to neighbors (S, DE, N) neglected

§ Unavailability of transmission lines from ENTSOE report

§ 58 bulk connected generating units are considered


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Results – No Dispatched Operation (Case 0)

Fig.: Expected Load Not Served (pu) vs Reserve

Capacity (pu).

Fig.: Average Activated Reserve (pu) vs Reserve

Capacity per Total Load.


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Results – With Dispatched Operation (Case 1)

Fig.: Expected Load Not Served (pu) vs Penetration

of Dispatched-by-design operation (pu).

Fig.: Average Activated Reserve (pu) vs

Penetration of Dispatched-by-design operation (pu).

We fix the amount of reserve capacity from traditional sources to 10% and we increase the penetration ofDispatched-by-design operation.


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Methods – Economic Analysis

We set a target ELNS = 0.2% (ENTSOE recommendation), and compute figures for:

§ Case 0: amount of regulating power to activate (OPEX only)

§ Case 1: amount of regulating power (10% of nominal load) and storage requirements

(OPEX + CAPEX)

For each case, we compute the cost and compare them.


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Methods – Economic Analysis, Storage Cost

Fig.: Specific Cost of Electrochemical Storage.

Nykvist, Björn, and Måns Nilsson. "Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles." Nature Climate Change 5.4 (2015)

• We consider Lithium batteries.


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Methods – Economic Analysis, Cost of Regulating Power

K. Skytte, “The regulating power market on the Nordic power exchange Nord Pool: an econometric analysis”, Energy Economics, 1999.


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Results – Economic analysis

Fig.: Case 0 vs Case 1 costs: storage cost breaks even

after 13-17 years.

Case 0 vs Case

Case 0, Cumulative Cost of centralized procurement

Case 1, Storage Market Leaders cost

Case 1, Storage all estimates cost


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Key Conclusions

§ Dispatched-by-design operation sensibly improves system reliability

without the need of increasing system reserve.

§ Under a dispatched-by-design framework, storage cost breaks even after

15 years of operation (Skytte’s model).

Nearly finalized paper: Bozorg, M., Sossan F., JY Le Boudec, and M. Paolone, “Evaluation of the

impact of dispatched-by-design operation on power system reserve requirements”, 2017.

Evaluation of the impact of dispatched- by-design operation on … · 2017-02-17 · Evaluation of the impact of dispatched-by-design operationon powersystem reserverequirements FabrizioSossan

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