NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Evaluation of Stationary Fuel Cell Deployments, Costs, and Fuels 2013 Fuel Cell Seminar and Energy Exposition Keith Wipke (presenter) for Chris Ainscough, Jennifer Kurtz, Michael Peters, Genevieve Saur October 23, 2013 Columbus, Ohio NREL/PR-5400-60903 STA32-1
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Evaluation of Stationary Fuel Cell Deployments, Costs, and Fuels
2013 Fuel Cell Seminar and Energy Exposition Keith Wipke (presenter) for Chris Ainscough, Jennifer Kurtz, Michael Peters, Genevieve Saur
October 23, 2013 Columbus, Ohio
NREL/PR-5400-60903 STA32-1
2
Technology Validation at NREL
• Confirmation of component and system technical targets • Evaluation, optimization, and demonstration in integrated
energy systems • National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center (NFCTEC)
Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL Figures and illustrations: NREL
3
www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_tech_validation.html
NFCTEC Analysis Approach
National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center
NFCTEC
Analysis and reporting of real-world operation data
4
Major Ramp-Up of Fuel Cell Stationary System Deployments Began in 2010
Definitions: RRF = Reservation Request Form, is the first step in the SGIP incentive claim process.PPM = Proof of Project Milestone; the applicant must prove progress and committment to the project.ICF = Incentive Claim Form is the step where the appliant, after meeting all SGIP requirements requests payment of the incentive.PBI = Performance Based Incentive is the way in which the incentive is paid out over time based on performance of the system.
OtherICF Pending PaymentPayment PBI in ProcessPPM ConfirmedPayment Completed
NREL cdp_stat_02Created: Sep-25-13 9:21 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2 *Data from the California SGIP.
New projects since 2011 receiving the performance-based incentive
Payment Completed
6
Stationary Fuel Cell System Count and Capacity by Fuel Type (ALL Fuel Cell Systems)
5%10%
12%
74%
Site Count by Fuel Type*
Biomass
Digester Gas
Landfill Gas
Natural Gas
4%
17%
14%
65%
Installed Capacity by Fuel Type
NREL cdp_stat_04Created: Sep-27-13 10:12 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2
Includes Status Categories:CompletedAdvancementPending PaymentPayment CompletedICF InspectionICF Pending PaymentICF ReviewICF Technical ReviewPayment PBI in ProcessPPM ConfirmedPPM Technical ReviewRRF ReservedRRF Technical Review
Total Capacity: 121 MWTotal Sites: 295
Installations by Fuel Type(All Fuel Cell Systems)
Definitions: RRF = Reservation Request Form, is the first step in the SGIP incentive claim process.PPM = Proof of Project Milestone; the applicant must prove progress and committment to the project.ICF = Incentive Claim Form is the step where the appliant, after meeting all SGIP requirements requests payment of the incentive.PBI = Performance Based Incentive is the way in which the incentive is paid out over time based on performance of the system. *Data from the California SGIP.
Natural gas is the most-used fuel. However, renewable fuels make up one-third of capacity.
7
Installations By Fuel Type (CHP Fuel Cells Only)
1%
99%
Site Count by Fuel Type*
Digester Gas
Natural Gas
18%
82%
Installed Capacity by Fuel Type
NREL cdp_stat_20Created: Sep-27-13 10:12 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2
Includes Status Categories:CompletedAdvancementPending PaymentPayment CompletedICF InspectionICF Pending PaymentICF ReviewICF Technical ReviewPayment PBI in ProcessPPM ConfirmedPPM Technical ReviewRRF ReservedRRF Technical Review
Total Capacity: 8 MWTotal Sites: 71
Installations by Fuel Type(CHP Fuel Cell Systems)
Definitions: RRF = Reservation Request Form, is the first step in the SGIP incentive claim process.PPM = Proof of Project Milestone; the applicant must prove progress and committment to the project.ICF = Incentive Claim Form is the step where the appliant, after meeting all SGIP requirements requests payment of the incentive.PBI = Performance Based Incentive is the way in which the incentive is paid out over time based on performance of the system. *Data from the California SGIP.
Nearly all CHP systems use natural gas.
8
Fuel Type Capacity (All Systems)
Biomass Digester Gas Landfill Gas Natural Gas0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity (k
W)
Installation Capacity Statistics by Fuel Type*
NREL cdp_stat_05Created: Sep-27-13 10:17 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2
75% Percentile
Median
25% Percentile
Mean
*Data from the California SGIP.
Natural gas systems have a wide range of sizes. Digester systems tend to be the largest.
9
Installation Capacity by Fuel Type (CHP Fuel Cells)
Digester Gas Natural Gas0
100
200
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity (k
W)
Installation Capacity Statistics by Fuel Type (CHP)*
NREL cdp_stat_21Created: Sep-27-13 1:33 PM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2
75% Percentile
Median
25% Percentile
Mean
Insufficientdata toprotect
anonymity
*Data from the California SGIP.
Natural gas CHP has a few large deployments (large mean, small 25–75 percentiles)
10
Fuel Cell Stationary Capacity and Average Eligible Costs (All Systems)—Incentive Range $3K–$4K/kW
0 200 400 600 800 1000 >10000
5
10
15
20
25
30Distribution of Capacity and Average Eligible Cost $2010/kW*
Capacity (kW)
% o
f sys
tem
s
0 200 400 600 800 1000 >10000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Avg
. $/k
W
$/kW w/o Incentive$/kW w/ Incentive2020 DOE Target†
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0
10
20
30
Capacity (kW)
% o
f sys
tem
s
Detailed Capacity Distribution
NREL cdp_stat_06Created: Sep-27-13 11:23 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2
†for the year 2020, operating on natural gas.*Data from the California SGIP.
Eligible Costs May Include: Planning & Feasibility Study, Engineering & Design, Permitting, Self-Generation EquipmentWaste Heat Recovery Costs, Construction & Installation Costs, Gas & Electric Interconnection, Warranty, Maintenance ContractMetering, Monitoring & Data Acquisition System, Emission Control Equipment CapitalGasline Installation, Fuel Gas Clean-up Equipment, Electricity Storage Devices, Bond to Certify Renewable FuelSales Tax, Fuel Supply (digesters, gas gathering, etc.), Thermal Load, & Other Eligible Costs
Eligible costs slightly decrease in larger sizes, yet are far from DOE long-term 2020 targets
11
Distribution of Capacity and Eligible Cost (CHP FC Only)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 >10000
20
40
60
80
Distribution of Capacity and Average Eligible Cost $2010/kW (CHP Fuel Cell)*
Capacity (kW)
% o
f sys
tem
s
0 200 400 600 800 1000 >10000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Avg
. $/k
W
$/kW w/o Incentive$/kW w/ Incentive2020 DOE Target†
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0
20
40
60
Capacity (kW)
% o
f sys
tem
s
Detailed Capacity Distribution
NREL cdp_stat_22Created: Sep-27-13 11:23 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2
†for the year 2020, operating on natural gas.*Data from the California SGIP.
Eligible Costs May Include: Planning & Feasibility Study, Engineering & Design, Permitting, Self-Generation EquipmentWaste Heat Recovery Costs, Construction & Installation Costs, Gas & Electric Interconnection, Warranty, Maintenance ContractMetering, Monitoring & Data Acquisition System, Emission Control Equipment CapitalGasline Installation, Fuel Gas Clean-up Equipment, Electricity Storage Devices, Bond to Certify Renewable FuelSales Tax, Fuel Supply (digesters, gas gathering, etc.), Thermal Load, & Other Eligible Costs
Economies of scale are better for CHP systems
12
Distribution of Stationary Fuel Cell Install Cost With and Without Incentives
0
20
40
60
80
0
1000
20
00
3000
40
00
5000
60
00
7000
80
00
9000
1000
011
000
1200
013
000
1400
015
000
1600
017
000
1800
019
000
2000
021
000
proj
ect c
ount
Price without incentives [$2010/kW]
Installed Eligible Cost Per kW*Adjusted To 2010 Dollars
Avg = $10,412 $/kW
CurrentDOE 2020 Target
0
20
40
60
0
1000
20
00
3000
40
00
5000
60
00
7000
80
00
9000
1000
011
000
1200
013
000
1400
015
000
1600
017
000
1800
019
000
2000
021
000
proj
ect c
ount
Price with incentives [$2010/kW]
Avg = $6,896 $/kW
CurrentDOE 2020 Target
NREL cdp_stat_07Created: Sep-27-13 12:16 PM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2 *Data from the California SGIP.
Eligible Costs May Include: Planning & Feasibility Study, Engineering & Design, Permitting, Self-Generation EquipmentWaste Heat Recovery Costs, Construction & Installation Costs, Gas & Electric Interconnection, Warranty, Maintenance ContractMetering, Monitoring & Data Acquisition System, Emission Control Equipment CapitalGasline Installation, Fuel Gas Clean-up Equipment, Electricity Storage Devices, Bond to Certify Renewable FuelSales Tax, Fuel Supply (digesters, gas gathering, etc.), Thermal Load, & Other Eligible Costs
Average incentives are $3,500/kW historically; fuel cell incentives are now set to decrease 10% per year.
13
Stationary Fuel Cell Install Cost Over Time With and Without Incentives
NREL cdp_stat_13Created: Sep-25-13 9:09 AM | Data Range: 2001Q2-2013Q2 *Data from the California SGIP.
Rule change in 2011 requiring directed biogas to be in state, and a lack of its availability (it’s all being used already) has led to dominance of natural gas
18
Comparing FC to Other Distributed Generation (DG): Distribution of Capacity by Equipment Type