Evaluation of second generation biofuels production from ... of... · 1 Evaluation of second generation biofuels production from native halophytes by chemical-characterization of

1

Evaluation of second generation biofuels production from native halophytes by chemical-characterization of Salicornia sinus-persica Ayah Alassali, Iwona Cybulska, Mette H. Thomsen

[email protected], phone: +971 28500121

Thursday, December 19, 2013 Version 1

mailto:[email protected]

2

Contents

• Introduction

– Masdar Institute and SBRC

– The importance of halophytes for desert areas

• Study objectives

• Methodology

– Sugar content

– Extent glucan to glucose convertibility

• Results

– Wet fractionation results

– Sugar content analysis for juice

– Juice fermentability

– Sugar content analysis for pulp

– Fibers fermentability

• Conclusions

Thursday, December 19, 2013

3

Introduction


Masdar Institute

The Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (Masdar Institute) is a graduate level, research-oriented university which is focused on alternative energy, sustainability, and the environment.

4

Introduction

SBRC

• The Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium was established by the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology.

• The SBRC is focused on research in sustainable biofuels and biomaterials derived from the conversion of plant oils and biomass.


5

Introduction

ISEA


6

Introduction

• Abu Dhabi exemplifies a coastal desert, where seawater could be used for salt-tolerant crops (halophytes) cultivation.

• The produced halophyte biomass could be utilized in feed, food and/or energy production, depending on its chemical composition.

• In this study the UAE native halophyte Salicornia sinus-persica was studied for its potential to be used as a feedstock for green biorefinery.


7 Thursday, December 19, 2013

Study Objective: Wet fractionation of Fresh Halophyte Biomass

8

Methodology

Washed Salicornia

Unwashed Salicornia

Juicing Fibers

Juice

Sugar monomer composition analysis by HPLC

Weak acid hydrolysis Fresh untreated juice

Strong acid hydrolysis Dry matter and ash

content analysis

Dry matter and ash

content analysis

Sugar analysis

9

Methodology

Extent glucan to glucose convertibility


Juice

Autoclaved at 121 ˚C, 20 min.

Fresh/ no-pretreatment SSF

SSF conditions: cellulases (Novozymes) was used, with a pre-hydrolysis time of 2 hours

at 50 C with intensive shaking (120 rpm) prior to addition of S. cerevisiae at 32C for 7

days.

Fibers Mildly pretreated at 121 ˚C, 30 and 60 min.

Fresh/ no-pretreatment

Hydrothermal pretreatment

SSF

10

Results

Wet fractionation/ DM and ash content

DM (%) Ash (%) of the DM

22.42 97.89


Fresh biomass

76.78%

18.19%

Juice

Fibers

DM (%) Ash (%) of the DM 38.88 19.18

DM (%) Ash (%) of the DM 13.53 61.12

11

Results

Fresh juice vs. acid hydrolyzed juice cellulose and inhibitors content


•Washing had no effect on sugar composition

•Acid hydrolysis increases pentose content

•Total sugar content of the juice is approx. 1-1.5% (comparable to

other green biomasses such as grass and clover)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Unwashed-fresh juice Unwashed-WAH Washed-freshjuice Washed-WAH

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

g/L)

Glucose

Xylose

Arabinose

Acetic acid

Ethanol

12

Results

Juice fermentation


-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-3 17 37 57 77 97 117 137 157 177

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

g/L

)

Time (hours)

Glucose

Xylose

Arabinose

Ethanol

Lactic acid

Acetic acid

Formic acid

Fermentation of fresh juice of Salicornia sinus-persica with S. cerevisiae

13

Results

Juice fermentation


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-3 47 97 147 197

Eth

ano

l yie

ld (

%)

Time (h)

14

Results

Autoclaved (121 ˚C for 20 minutes) vs. fresh Juice fermentation


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

g/L

)

Lactic acid

Formic acid

Acetic acid

Ethanol

Furfural

15

Results

Fiber’s sugar content after strong acid hydrolysis of fresh biomass


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Fibers of washed biomass Fibers of unwashed biomass

Co

nte

nt

(g/1

00

gDM

)

Glucose

Xylose

Arabinose

16

Results Sugar content after mild pretreatment of the fibers at 121 ˚C for 30 and 60 min.


0

5

10

15

20

25

30-W 30-Un 60-W 60-Un

con

cen

trat

ion

(g/

10

0 g

DM

)

Glucose

Xylose

Arabinose

• The monomeric sugars were concentrated

• Pretreatment duration did not influence the sugar concentration

17

Results


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

121°C, 30-min,hydrolyzate

121°C, 30-min, water(diluted)

121°C, 60-min,hydrolyzate

121°C, 60-min, water(diluted)

Eth

ano

l yie

ld (

% o

f th

e t

he

ore

tica

l)

Ethanol yield in SSF of pretreated pulp from wet fractionation of Salicornia sinus-persica after mild pretreatment.

18

Results

Fiber’s sugar content – w/wo pretreatment


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fresh Pretreated @ 121˚C Pretreated @ 150 ˚C Pretreated @ 170 ˚C

con

ten

t (g

/10

0gD

M)

Lactose

Glucose

Xylose

Galactose

Fructose

Ash

19

Results

Ethanol yields after SSF of fresh and pretreated fibers


-

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

Fresh Treated @121, 10minutes

Treated @150, 10minutes

Treated @170, 10minutes

Eth

ano

l yie

ls (

% t

o t

he

th

eo

reti

cal e

than

ol c

on

ten

t)

• Low severity factors

• Ethanol yield can reach up to 86% when treated at 170 ˚C for 10 minutes

20

Conclusion


• Fresh Salicornia sinus-perica contains more than 70% of water. For such green biomass direct fractionation and fermentation can be advantageous. This allows for water preservation and the ability to run at lower dry matter in the fermentation step.

• High yield per hectares (green biomass yield up to 50 tons/ha/year) and possibility of harvesting several times per year.

• Biomass washing does not significantly enhance juice/fibers fermentation.

• Juice autoclaving does not enhance the ethanol fermentation, however minimize inhibitor s’ formation.

• Juice fermentation can obtain up to 100% yield of ethanol (based on theoretical yields).

• Fibers free sugars content increase with increasing the pretreatment temperature, however the possibility of producing inhibitors increases as well.

21

Thank You

Ayah Alassali

[email protected], phone: +971 28500121

mailto:[email protected]

Evaluation of second generation biofuels production from ... of... · 1 Evaluation of second generation biofuels production from native halophytes by chemical-characterization of

Documents