EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL STACKED SHALE-GAS RESERVOIRS ACROSS NORTHERN AND NORTH-CENTRAL WEST VIRGINIA Jessica Pierson Moore 1 , Susan E. Pool 1 , Philip A. Dinterman 1 , J. Eric Lewis 1 , Ray Boswell 2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY Geneseo and Marcellus completed wells DUAL MARCELLUS/ UPPER DEVONIAN WELL PAD WETZEL COUNTY, WV exhibit similar average monthly production; pad also has two wells permitted to the Middlesex 1 West Virginia Geological & Economic Survey, 2 U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory DUAL MARCELLUS/ UTICA WELL PAD MARSHALL COUNTY, WV Three Marcellus wells were completed in 2011; these wells have an average cumulative gas production of 1.3 Bcf . The Utica well, completed in Classes 0.25 - 0.3 0.3 - 0.35 0.35 - 0.4 0.4 - 0.45 0.45 - 0.5 0.5 - 0.55 0.55 - 0.6 0.6 - 0.65 0.65 - 0.7 0.7 - 0.71 max 0 10 20 5 Data Extent Marcellus Shale Pressure Estimates Received from Operators ZONES OF OVERPRESSURE NATURAL FRACTURE NETWORKS 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 Marcellus XRD Harrison Co @ 7221 TOC = 8.03% 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 Marcellus XRD Harrison Co @ 7170 . Title TOC = 4.71% QUARTZOSE SEDIMENTS Lash and Engelder (2009) AREA OF INTEREST Preston Garrett Marion Allegany Mineral Grant Barbour Taylor Fayette Somerset Pleasants Greene Monongalia Ritchie Marshall Tucker Doddridge Harrison Tyler Wetzel Lewis Westmoreland Washington Upshur Gilmer Randolph West Virginia Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Maryland A A' B' B C C' Svetz No.1 Burley No.1 0 50 MILES 0 50 KILOMETERS 81° 80° 79° 78° 40° 39° 40° 39° 81° 80° 79° 78° Figure 2. —Location of seismic sections, wells, and major basement A A' EXPLANATION Rome trough Seismic line Thrust fault —Sawteeth on upper plate Normal fault —From Shumaker (1996). Bar and ball on downthrown side. Dashed where inferred Normal fault —This study. Bar and ball on downthrown side. Dashed where inferred Normal fault —From Shumaker (1996). Red bar and ball shows downthrown side from this study. Dashed where inferred Well location Allegheny structural front 0 5 10 15 20 MILES APPROXIMATE SCALE AMPLITUDE -800 -400 0 400 800 Pottsville Group and post-Pottsville rocks Venango Group Bradford Group Elk Group Hamilton Group Juniata Formation Reedsville Shale Trenton Limestone Beekmantown Group Knox Group and pre-Knox rocks Grenvillian basement Salina Group Pottsville Group and post-Pottsville rocks Greenbrier Limestone Venango Group Bradford Group Elk Group Hamilton Group Juniata Formation Reedsville Shale Trenton Limestone Beekmantown Group Knox Group and pre-Knox rocks Grenvillian basement Salina Group Greenbrier Limestone Normal fault —Several faults suggest compressional reactivation Foreland-vergent imbricate thrust faults Back thrusts Major detachment zone at base of thrust sheet EXPLANATION 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000 1.100 1.200 1.300 1.400 1.500 1.600 1.700 1.800 1.900 2.000 2.100 2.200 2.300 2.400 2.500 2.600 2.700 2.800 2.900 3.000 3.100 3.200 3.300 3.400 3.500 3.600 3.700 3.800 3.900 4.000 4.100 4.200 4.300 4.400 4.500 4.600 4.700 4.800 4.900 5.000 Time (seconds) Time (seconds) 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000 1.100 1.200 1.300 1.400 1.500 1.600 1.700 1.800 1.900 2.000 2.100 2.200 2.300 2.400 2.500 2.600 2.700 2.800 2.900 3.000 3.100 3.200 3.300 3.400 3.500 3.600 3.700 3.800 3.900 4.000 4.100 4.200 4.300 4.400 4.500 4.600 4.700 4.800 4.900 5.000 George's Creek syncline Chestnut Ridge anticline extension Ligonier syncline Etam anticline Deer Park anticline Arches Fork anticline Wolf Summit anticline Rome trough Burley No. 1 synthetic seismogram projection western Allegheny Plateau eastern Allegheny Plateau The U.S. Geological Survey purchased the license for the digital data used in this investigation from Seismic Exchange Inc. (SEI). If further access to these data is needed, please contact SEI. A A' Proterozoic Paleozoic Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Miss. Penn. Age West Lithology Formation or Group Name Extensional and Orogenic Events East Thrust Sheets Tuscarora Sandstone Oriskany Sandstone and Helderberg Group Greenbrier Limestone and Mauch Chunk Group Berea Sandstone, Sunbury Shale, and Price Formation Post-Pottsville rocks, undivided Grenvillian basement Salina Group (includes salt beds) and Wills Creek Formation Genesee Formation Sonyea Formation Conasauga Group and Rome Formation Beekmantown Group Knox unconformity Reedsville Shale (Utica Shale at base) Rose Hill Formation Juniata Formation Tully Limestone, Hamilton Group, Marcellus Shale, and Onondaga Limestone Pottsville Group Copper Ridge Dolomite of the Knox Group Upper sandstone member of the Copper Ridge Dolomite of the Knox Group Oswego Sandstone Salina Group, Tonoloway Limestone, and Wills Creek Formation Lockport Dolomite and Keefer Sandstone Venango Group (Formation) and Riceville Formation Hampshire Formation Rome- Waynesboro sheet Autochthonous Grenvillian basement Salina sheet Reedsville- Martinsburg sheet Passive continental by Rome trough extension Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Upper Upper Upper Upper Upper Upper Middle Middle Middle Middle ? McKenzie Limestone and Keefer Sandstone Alleghanian orogeny Taconic orogeny Acadian orogeny Seismic Stratigraphic Packages Venango Group Bradford Group Pottsville Group and post-Pottsville rocks Greenbrier Limestone Hamilton Group Juniata Formation Reedsville Shale Beekmantown Group Knox Group and pre-Knox rocks Trenton Limestone Elk Group Salina Group Grenvillian basement Approximate location of Burley No. 1 well Trenton Limestone Harrell Shale Brallier Formation Greenland Gap Group Elk Group Java Formation West Falls Formation Rhinestreet Shale Member Angola Shale Member Huron Mbr. of the Ohio Shale Chagrin Shale Bradford Group Perm. Lower Black River Limestone Figure 3. --Correlation chart of Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks in the study area and associated thrust sheets. Also shown are times of major extensional and orogenic events. Colors refer to seismic GNSO MRCL PNPL A’ USGS Map I-2791 Figure 2. Kulander and Ryder, 2005 (USGS Map I-2791) MARCELLUS SHALE PLAY RESERVOIR THICKNESS ORGANIC CONTENT GENESEO/BURKET SHALE PLAY RESERVOIR THICKNESS ORGANIC CONTENT ANTECEDENT TOPOGRAPHY 0 10 20 30 40 50 Geneseo/Burket XRD Wetzel Co WV-7 @ 6507.7 TOC= 2.6% avg. 0 10 20 30 40 Geneseo/Burket XRD Wetzel Co WV-7 @ 6493.5 TOC= 2.6% avg. MARCELLUS GENESEO Marshall County, WV Gastar Well Pads Neuhaus et al., 2012 (SPE 16195) OH WV WV Harrison Co. Marshall Co. Marion Co. Preston Co. ) t e e F ( l e v e L a e S n a e M w o l e B h t p e D GR GR GR MARCELLUS SHALE BURKET SHALE RHINESTREET SHALE 47-077-00119 47-051-00539 POINT PLEASANT FORMATION 47-049-00244 34-067-20103 “UTICA SHAL E” WV Hardy Co. 47-031-00021 WV GR MIDDLESEX SHALE - 12000 - 8000 - 10000 - 6000 - 4000 - 2000 NW SE 41 miles 36 miles 27 miles sea level 32 miles STRUCTURAL CROSS-SECTION FROM HARRISON CO., OHIO TO HARDY CO., WEST VIRGINIA 1 2 3 4 5 DUNKIRK SHALE DEVONIAN SILURIAN ORDOVICIAN GR W9427.5 W9492.5 Matrix % Composition Quartz 10 Calcite 25 Clay 50 Organics 5 Fossils <1 Matrix % Composition Quartz 25 Calcite 10 Clay 45 Organics 20 Fossils <1 Matrix % Composition 1 2 3 4 Quartz <1 20 5 10 Calcite 30 55 10 25 Clay 60 5 60 30 Organics <1 20 10 20 Fossils 7 0 0 25 Fossils Identiied Trilobite Ostracod Crinoid Brachiopod Echinoderm Burrows Calcareous Thin Shelled Pelloid Fossils Identiied 1. Trilobite Burrow 2. Spiculite Sponge Burrows 3. Ostracod 4. Ostracod Fossils Identiied Echinoderm Trilobite 1 1 2 3 4 W9486 49-244 >50 ft. salt in Salina Fm MAP WV24 (1987) Harrell Shale GR > 230 API (Boyce, 2010) THERMAL MATURITY & RESERVOIR PRESSURE INTERBEDDED CARBONATE AND ORGANIC SHALE SEM Image of well-developed organic porosity in the Point Pleasant Formation (core 74NY5). Thermal maturity of the samples is above 3.0% Ro. The Point Pleasant Formation notably lacks intergranular porosity; a majority of pores are located within organic material. As the reservoir matures, the pore networks become more robust and interconnected. From Carter and Soeder, 2015. Images and analyses courtesy of Juergen Schieber (Indiana University). ORGANIC POROSITY Target Reservoir = Point Pleasant Formation 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Point Pleasant XRD Marion-244 @ 13,045 TOC = 3.46% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Point Pleasant XRD Marion-244 @ 12,940 TOC = 0.47% Stacked Shale Well Locations Utica Well Locations Upper Devonian Well Locations Marcellus Completed Well Locations Marcellus Permitted Well Locations 0 10 5 Miles ¶ WV HORIZONTAL WELL LOCATIONS WVGES A ABSTRACT Three shale-gas units underlying northern and north-central West Virginia create opportunity for one horizontal well pad to produce from multiple zones. The Upper Ordovician Utica/Point Pleasant, Middle Devonian Marcellus, and Upper Devonian Burket/Geneseo construction of fairway maps for each play. Current drilling activity focuses on the Marcellus, with more than 1,000 horizontal completions reported through mid-2015. Across northern West Virginia, the Marcellus is 40 to 60 ft. thick with a depth range between 5,000 and 8,000 ft. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is generally 10% or greater. Quartz content is relatively high (~60%) and clay content is low (~30%). Reservoir pressure estimates range from 0.3 to 0.7 psi/ft and generally increase to the north. Volumetric assessment of the Marcellus in this area yields preliminary original gas-in-place estimates of 9 to 24 Bcf/mi2. The Burket /Geneseo interval is approximately 15 to 40 ft thick across the fairway. The underlying Tully Limestone and Mahantango to simultaneously complete both formations. This interval may be less conducive to fracture stimulation with relatively high clay (~60%) and low quartz content (~20%). TOC content in this section is generally less than 5%. Seventeen wells report a cumulative volume of 13.2 Bcf of gas and nearly 7,000 bbl of liquids through 2014. three months of production. Reservoir depths range from 10,000 to 12,000 ft and estimates suggest the area is highly over-pressured, with gradients from 0.5 to 0.9 psi/ft. TOC content generally ranges from 1 to 4% and organic-rich shale beds are often thinly interbedded with more carbonate-rich strata. Clay content is typically around 50% in the Utica/Point Pleasant interval; carbonate constitutes 20 to 30% and quartz content is 10 to 20%. UTICA SHALE PLAY -Patchen and Carter, Utica Shale Play Book “Neither Utica nor Shale” Dow, 1977 EQT Shiben Pad Wetzel County, WV Marcellus + Utica (potential increases to northeast) Upper Devonian + Marcellus + Utica (potential generally increases to north) Utica + Marcellus (?) GENERALIZED FAIRWAY MAP Boyce, 2010 WOOD-351 THIN SECTION ANALYSIS (R. McDowell and D. Skerbitz, WVGES) CHUMNEY FAMILY TRUST CORE ANALYSIS (T. Smith, Smith Stratigraphic, LLC) Chumney Family Trust RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT Presence of multiple unconventional shale gas units in northern West Virginia presents a unique and challenging opportunity for development of the resource. Pool (2013) estimated that the Marcellus Shale contains 122 Tcf of original gas-in-place; this number is likely conservative due to a lack of accurate reservoir pressure estimates at time of publication. An updated volumetric assessment of Devonian shale units in WV is currently underway. Basin-wide assessment of the Point Pleasant Formation (Hohn et al., 2015) yields OGIP estimates of approximately 1,745 Tcf. Northern West Virginia is situated favorably within the“sweet spot” of the reservoir; acreage in West Virginia accounts for 10-15% of the overall area. Development of the Point Pleasant is anticipated to move eastward following successful test wells in the eastern portion of the Pennsylvania fairway. This development will occur within the footprint of Marcellus drilling, which presents challenges for acquiring contiguous deep mineral rights as well as siting well pads in steep topography. A final consideration for development of stacked shale units in West Virginia is pressure regime--maintaining it in the Devonian section, and controlling it in the Point Pleasant. Completion techniques will likely be modified using lessons learned from early development, as necessity is so often the mother of invention.