Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Capture From Existing Coal Fired Plants by Hybrid Sorption Using Solid Sorbents Steve Benson Srivats Srinivasachar
Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Capture From Existing Coal Fired Plants by Hybrid Sorption Using Solid
Sorbents
Steve Benson Srivats Srinivasachar
2
Presentation Overview
Project Overview
Technology Fundamentals
Project Scope
Current Status
Plans for Future Testing
Project Team
US Department of Energy - NETL
UND Institute for Energy Studies
Envergex LLC
Lignite Energy Council/NDIC
ALLETE Group
Minnesota Power
BNI Coal
SaskPower
Barr Engineering
Solex Thermal
Project Objectives
Develop a process using solid sorbents that will efficiently capture CO2 from flue gas streams and regenerate into a pure CO2 stream, with a lower operating cost than current methods.
Goal: 90 percent CO2 removal at no more than 35 percent increase in the cost of electricity.
Combine existing technologies to create a new sorbent which will have high CO2 loading capacity and a process with low reaction energies.
Budget – Funding Sources
Total Funds = $3.69 Million
$2,952,000 $350,000
$145,000
$150,000
$75,000
$18,000
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
DOE-NETL
NDIC
UND
ALLETE
SaskPower
Solex
Proj
ect F
undi
ng G
roup
Performance period: 10/1/11 to 09/30/14
Background on the Proposed Technology and Scientific/Technical Merit
Technology Background
The hybrid sorption CACHYSTM process uses an additive-enhanced regenerable alkali carbonate sorbent for CO2 capture.
Reactions
MxNy(carbonate-based) + a.CO2(g) Product
Product + Steam MxNy + a.CO2(g)
Sorbents prepared from bulk commodity materials – low cost target.
Reacts with CO2 to form adduct. Reversible with the addition of heat.
Additive – increases adsorption kinetics and reduces sorption energy.
Initial concept testing conducted by Envergex and UND under DOE STTR program.
CACHYSTM Hybrid Sorption Process
Coal-fired Boiler Flue Gas Desulfurization
Scrubber
CO2-loaded Sorbent to
Regenerator
Treated Sorbent to Carbonator
HX-1
Sorbent Treatment
Regenerated Sorbent
CO
2 Ads
orbe
r
Reg
ener
ator
Filter Flue Gas: Low CO2
Flue Gas: Low SO2, High CO2/H2O ~ 60oC
Compressed CO2
HX - Condenser
Extraction Steam (~150-170oC)
HX - Cooling
HX - Heat
Filter
HX-2
60-80oC ~ 1 bara
CO
2-AD
SOR
BER
DES
OR
BER
CACHYSTM Process Benefits
Benefits Low reaction heat ~ 40-80 kJ/mol
CO2
High sorbent capacity
Increased sorption kinetics
Use of low cost, abundantly available materials
Challenges Confirmation of energetics
Confirmation of sorbent capacity
Sorbent integrity
Sorbent handling
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160 180 200
Hea
t of r
eact
ion
(kJ/
mol
CO
2)
Project Scope
Technical Approach and Project Scope
Scope of work includes eight main tasks:
Task 1: Project Management and Planning
Task 2: Initial Technology and Economic Feasibility Study
Task 3: Determination of Hybrid Sorbent Performance Metrics
Task 4: Bench-Scale Process Design
Task 5: Bench-Scale Process Procurement and Construction
Task 6: Initial Operation of the Bench-Scale Unit
Task 7: Bench-Scale Process Testing
Task 8: Final Process Assessment
Decision Points and Success Criteria Decision Point Basis for Decision/Success Criteria
Completion of Budget Period 1 Year 1
1. Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 1 2. Demonstrate sorbent CO2 equilibrium capacity of greater than 70 g of CO2/kg of
sorbent 3. Demonstrate a heat of sorption of 80 kJ/mol of CO2 or less
4. Submission of a Topical Report – Preliminary Technical and Economic Feasibility Study
5. Submission/approval of a Continuation Application to DOE
Completion of Budget Period 2 Year 2
1. Successful completion of all work proposed in Budget Period 2 2. Submission of a bench-scale engineering design package 3. Complete construction of a bench-scale CACHYS™ system
4. Submission of a test matrix for the bench-scale testing campaign
5. Submission/approval of a Continuation Application to DOE
End of Project Year 3
1. Successful completion of all work proposed 2. Complete continuous testing of integrated bench-scale CACHYS™ process for 1 month 3. Submission of a Topical Report – Final Technical and Economic Feasibility Study
4. Submission of a Topical Report – Preliminary EH&S Assessment
5. Submission of a Final Report
Project Results
Bed Reactor Testing
Components
A Mass Flow Controllers
B Bubbler
C Air Preheater
D Steam Generator
E Reactor
F Condenser
G Water Knockout Drum
H 5 Gas Analyzer
I Manual Steam Control #1
J Manual Steam Control #2
T1 Thermocouple – Air In
T2 Thermocouple – Reactor Wall
T3 Thermocouple – Air Out
P1 Pressure Transducer (Bottom)
P2 Pressure Transducer (Top)
A
B C
D
E F
G
H I
J
T1
T2
T3
P1
P2 Heated Steam Mixed Gas N2
CO2
Bed Reactor Testing Results
CO2 Adsorption Capacity (g
CO
2/100
g S
orbe
nt)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5
6-13-2012 HCK-2 Sorbent
Adsorption
Desorption
CO2 Adsorption Capacity
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11
Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5 Cycle 6
6-26-2012 HCK-5 Sorbent
Adsorption
(g C
O2/1
00 g
Sor
bent
)
Adsorption-Desorption Cycle: TGA/DSC
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
0 A B C D E F
Heat of Adsorption (kJ/mol CO2)
CO2 Sorption Energetics
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
A B C D
Des
orpt
ion
Ener
gy (
kJ/m
ol C
O2)
w/Exotherm
w/o Exotherm
CO2 Sorption Energetics
Next Steps
Year 2
Task 4. Bench-Scale Unit Design
Task 5. Bench-Scale Unit Procurement and Construction
Task 6. Initial Operation of the Bench-Scale Unit
Year 3
Task 7- Bench-Scale Process Testing
Task 8 - Final Process Assessment
Acknowledgements
Project Funding and Cost Share DOE-NETL
Lignite Energy Council/NDIC
ALLETE (Minnesota Power and BNI Coal)
SaskPower
Solex
UND
DOE-NETL Project Manager – Andrew Jones
Contact Information
Steven A. Benson, Ph.D. Institute for Energy Studies, University of North Dakota
(701) 777-5177; Mobile: (701) 213-7070 [email protected]
Srivats Srinivasachar, Sc.D. Envergex LLC
(508) 347-2933; Mobile: (508) 479-3784 [email protected]