Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Surface Runoff Phosphorus Surface Runoff Phosphorus Relationships at the Plot and Relationships at the Plot and Watershed Scale Watershed Scale David R. German David R. German Dr. Ronald H. Gelderman Dr. Ronald H. Gelderman James R. Gerwing James R. Gerwing South Dakota State University South Dakota State University Dr. Frank V. Schindler Dr. Frank V. Schindler Southwest Minnesota State University Southwest Minnesota State University
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Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Evaluating Soil Phosphorus and Surface Runoff Phosphorus Surface Runoff Phosphorus
Relationships at the Plot and Relationships at the Plot and Watershed ScaleWatershed Scale
David R. GermanDavid R. GermanDr. Ronald H. GeldermanDr. Ronald H. Gelderman
James R. GerwingJames R. GerwingSouth Dakota State UniversitySouth Dakota State University
Dr. Frank V. SchindlerDr. Frank V. SchindlerSouthwest Minnesota State UniversitySouthwest Minnesota State University
Sources of N and P to Watershedsin Central United States
(1995 GAO report to U.S. Congress)
Atmosphere Fertilizer Manure Point Source
Nitrogen Phosphorus
Manure applications based on the N needs of a crop results in application of P in excess of what the crop can use
In Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutropication. USDA-ARS, ARS-149. July 1999. A.N. Sharpley, T. Daniel, T. Sims, J. Lemunyon, R. Stevens, and R. Parry
In Agricultural Phosphorus and Eutropication. USDA-ARS, ARS-149. July 1999.A.N. Sharpley, T. Daniel, T. Sims, J. Lemunyon, R. Stevens, and R. Parry
Objectives:
• Develop correlation between runoff P and soil test P on select soils of South Dakota using rainfall simulation.
• Relate field runoff to indoor runoff.
Procedures:
• Identify Field Sites• Select Sites ranging
from low to high STP• Use National P
protocol (SERA-17)• Outdoor Rainfall
Simulation• Indoor Rainfall
Simulation
285
6
210
100
34
Moody: Y = 0.0035STP + 0.0687; R2 = 0.93Vienna: Y = 0.0027STP + 0.0772; R2 = 0.94Poinsett: Y = 0.0035STP + 0.1156; R2 = 0.76Kranzburg: Y = 0.0038STP + 0.0055; R2 = 0.77Barnes: Y = 0.0032STP + 0.1155 R2 = 0.76
Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn PlotRunoff Event April 28-30, 2006
1.4
2.1
1.1
0.3 0.2 0.40.2 0.3 0.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
North Middle South
ppm
Watershed RunoffApril 28-30, 2006
Seedbed PlotRunoff 6/28-29/06
Mature Corn PlotRunoff 8/28-29/06
Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature Corn PlotRunoff Event August 13, 2007
0.6
2.0
1.2
0.3 0.2 0.40.2 0.3 0.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
North Middle South
ppm
Watershed RunoffAugust 13, 2006
Seedbed PlotRunoff 6/28-29/06
Mature Corn PlotRunoff 8/22-23/06
Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature CornRunoff Event September 1-3, 2006
1.41.6 1.7
0.20.3 0.20.20.3
0.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
North Middle South
ppm
Watershed RunoffSeptember 1-3, 2006
Seedbed Plot Runoff6/28-29/06
Mature Corn PlotRunoff 8/28-29/06
Watershed Runoff vs. Seedbed Plot vs. Mature CornRunoff Event September 16, 2006
0.0
2.0
1.0
0.20.3 0.2
0.20.3 0.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
North Middle South
ppm
Watershed RunoffSeptember 16, 2006
Seedbed Plot Runoff6/28-29/06
Mature Corn PlotRunoff 8/28-29/06
Total Rainfall
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:0
0 A
M
1:26
AM
2:52
AM
4:19
AM
5:45
AM
7:12
AM
8:38
AM
10:0
4 A
M
11:3
1 A
M
12:5
7 P
M2:
24 P
M
3:50
PM
5:16
PM
6:43
PM
8:09
PM
9:36
PM
11:0
2 P
M
12:2
8 A
M
1:55
AM
3:21
AM
4:48
AM
6:14
AM
7:40
AM
9:07
AM
10:3
3 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
Inch
es
9/2/069/1/06
Total Rainfall: 6.16 Inches
Rainfall Intensity9/1/06 to 9/2/06
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
12:0
0 AM
1:26
AM
2:52
AM
4:19
AM
5:45
AM
7:12
AM
8:38
AM
10:0
4 AM
11:3
1 AM
12:5
7 PM
2:24
PM
3:50
PM
5:16
PM
6:43
PM
8:09
PM
9:36
PM
11:0
2 PM
12:2
8 AM
1:55
AM
3:21
AM
4:48
AM
6:14
AM
7:40
AM
9:07
AM
10:3
3 AM
12:0
0 PM
Inch
es p
er H
our
9/1/06 9/2/06
Total Rainfall: 6.16 Inches3.47 Inches
1.49 Inches1.20 Inches
Watershed size (acres) and discharge9/1/06 to 9/7/06
5.17 5.53 5.60
2.25 2.53
1.09
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.00
South Middle North
acresinches of runoff
South Watershed 9/1-3/06 Runoff Event
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
9/1/
06 3
:36
AM9/
1/06
7:1
2AM
9/1/
06 1
0:48
AM9/
1/06
2:2
4PM
9/1/
06 6
:00
PM9/
1/06
9:3
6PM
9/2/
06 1
:12
AM9/
2/06
4:4
8AM
9/2/
06 8
:24
AM9/
2/06
12:
00PM
9/2/
06 3
:36
PM9/
2/06
7:1
2PM
9/2/
06 1
0:48
PM9/
3/06
2:2
4AM
9/3/
06 6
:00
AM9/
3/06
9:3
6AM
9/3/
06 1
:12
PM9/
3/06
4:4
8PM
ppm
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
feet
Tot Dissolved Phos mg/L (ppm) Total Phosphorus mg/L (ppm) Stage
North Watershed 9/1-3/06 Runoff Event
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
9/1/
06 3
:36
AM
9/1/
06 7
:12
AM
9/1/
06 1
0:48
AM
9/1/
06 2
:24
PM
9/1/
06 6
:00
PM
9/1/
06 9
:36
PM
9/2/
06 1
:12
AM
9/2/
06 4
:48
AM
9/2/
06 8
:24
AM
9/2/
06 1
2:00
PM
9/2/
06 3
:36
PM
9/2/
06 7
:12
PM
9/2/
06 1
0:48
PM
9/3/
06 2
:24
AM
9/3/
06 6
:00
AM
9/3/
06 9
:36
AM
9/3/
06 1
:12
PM
ppm
00.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.82
feet
Tot Dissolved Phos mg/L (ppm) Total Phosphorus mg/L (ppm) Stage
TDP flow weighted concentration (ppm)9/1/06 to 9-5/06
1.90
1.461.64
0.23 0.330.15
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
South Middle North
watershed runoffplot runoff
TDP flow weighted concentration (ppm)9/1/06 first 30 min of runoff
0.86
1.18
0.61
0.230.33
0.15
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.4
South Middle North
watershed runoffplot runoff
Olsen P vs. TDP
R2 = 0.91750.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
0 50 100 150 200 250
Olsen P
TDP North
South
Middle
Vienna
Partners:
• SD Agricultural Experiment Station• SD Dept. Environment and Natural Resources• Water Resources Institute• SD Extension Service • SD Beef Industry Council• SD Corn Utilization Council• SD Soybean Utilization Council• East Dakota Water Development District