Evaluate Your Business Continuity Management

8/10/2019 Evaluate Your Business Continuity Management

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E BC :A !

D

, ,

B

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E B C :A !

A

A

2008


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E:Eaae Y Be C Maagee: A e ad a e ee ca!

A

Ja AAde R

E

Uf Pa Sc f Ecc ad Maagee, Ld UePeAe N Ma ABMaa Fbeg Ma AB

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ED

Be c aagee, be c ag, BCM Eaa Mde, eegecee, c aagee, be ece, eee aagee, cad, c eaede, , c.

ABAC

Ma bee da e ce ca dde cg ad aeg

c ceae e f b e dda eee ad e ce a age. S ca

d ae ee a e a ea a ca eee de. T be abe ce

deed ee, cae eed ee e be c aagee (BCM).T ceae e edge f effece BCM, e dee ad ee a de f

eaag e ee f BCM a ca, BC E . Te de a ef

aee eae be ed a e ee c ca ge aagee ad ace

cae a dca f a eed be ed edce e ea egae be

f ac f a d eee e ca.

Te d e a e fac baed a eae e. Dceed cae ee e

eaed g e e fd e fac f effece BCM. Te de a adaed g a

e ca affae gee ee .

Cg: Bade c Raeg, Ld ea ga, Ld ee, Ld 2008.

Deae f Fe Safe Egeegad Se Safe

Ld UeP.O. B 118

SE221 00 LdSede

[email protected]://.bad..e/eg

Teee: +46 46 222 73 60

Bade c RaegLd ea ga

Ld eeB 118

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ACEDGEETg e ge f e, eea e ae bee aabe . We a ge a

eca a , Uf Pa f e Deae f Be Ada, Ld

Ue, f ea f eeece a ge a ad eed ge f dea

ea.

We a a a Maa Fbeg ad PeAe N a Ma AB ed ee

c ad gae a ce ad egadg BCM ad e fa

de d be cced f gd acab.

Te b e Te BCM Eaa Mde a Cad a c aecaed e

ad ad f e de. F e d e a Ma Hedbeg ade

be.

We d a e a Kee Mge, Lea Ed, Mag Beg, Ta Ga,

Ma Sea, La Eg, Ma Ldge, A R Sece, Ce Gaad Seg N

gae e ee c ee f gea ace f e fag Te BCM

Eaa Mde.

O e Bg Va deee a f gg feedbac ae e fa

dc bee.

F e ecagee ad dg ed e d a e a fae ad

ae.

Fa e d e a e ee a e Deae f Cb Pc f eecg aee ad gea cffee.

E eadg!

Ja A

Ade R


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Eaae Y Be C Maagee

EECE A

Te deee f de eee ge ad e ce ca a

ad dde cg ad aeg c ceae e f eee. I ece ea ee

ae bee a be f ce eg gfca ecc ad e cae, a f

ae ae f e eee ed. Seea f ee ce cd ae bee aded bee eaede. Teefe, afac be c aagee (BCM) ce a

c a d be f gea ae a gaa. Te e f e

BC. T

ff e, e a bece

.

Te f a f e a a eae e e c f aagee ad BCM. Baed

e, a fae e a a e f aag dceed cae a deeed. Te e

a e aed dceed cae eea a ae f e fac f effece BCM. Baed e abe e ad dceed cae, a ea de a deeed f eaa f a

ca' ee f BCM. Te ea de a adaed g a e affae e

Cad G ad g a e ee . Te a age a eg e de baed

e ce f e ada.

Sce e f e e cc f e e a d e eae fd e aea

e c, a cafca f ece cec BCM a eeded. T a ade

g a ce f eg cce. Te ee fd e eae ee e

aced fac de e fe dffee aea: dec BCM, dec BCM, eegec ee (ER),

c aagee (CM) ad be ece (BR). Te e a e ed eg dceed

cae c ee ce baed a be f cea. Fac fd af e f e

dceed cae ee ge ea Te BCM Eaa Mde.

Te fac eeed f e e, e ccg Te BCM Eaa Mde, ee fac

c ee fd e cae ad/ ad e a e ce e eae. Qe eaed

a f e eeed fac ee faed ge e ae e, acabe. Te

e ee gaed fe caege (dec BCM, ER, CM, BR ad dec BCM) be abe

ee e f e e, b a f eac eece a f e c . Ee

g e e e ca ada gae g e eeced ae, ee ee

ade fg e e f b e ca ada ad e ee . Se

g eebe e g e de a a eeed gee e fa de.

Te a cae dce ee e e ad bece ae bee aceed ad e

e e f Te BCM Eaa Mde. A a e f e e, e de ge a dca

e ee f BCM b a a ce de ea a ee ca be ade. Te

de a deeed f bee geea. Hece, de cde fac f ecfc

bee e.g. aaceca cae. Sgge fe eeac dee e e

e ee ade.


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AAFAG

T fd a a feagde dag eca e ea fdeed ed ga a c

dfaade ade aa a e f de badade feage. Ude eae a e

aa e eea e f c, de a fae, fade aadadea. Fea a

dea e de a d ed be beeda. Dea eb a fedade bec aagee1(BCM) a de f aa gaae. Sfe ed dea a

a a ae effe BCM ge a a feagedga a a de eea

fe f e ab ga fdeeda. F a fa dea fe e de

ed ae aa a eca e de f a dea BCM e feag.

De fa dee a ae e eagegg de. Baea dea

gegg aade eda e ae, a ada e , f a dea dgae

ffade e. Le ade eda dgae fa f a defea e e a fae

ga f effe BCM. A eae f fade aa ed eadeage

ecade eda e fa degde. Dea adeade eda e debag Cadcee a ge eeade f eee. De a ege a a edea

de gga dee efe de ea adege ga.

Efe de fa ege faade a e a a dea dgae ea BCM,

bede a faga ag BCM aga. Dea gde ge e eg a

eeade bege. De BCM ade eae aceade eda de fe a

de: dec BCM, dec BCM, eegec e2(ER), c aagee3(CM) ad be

ece4 (BR). Le ade eda f a dea a cae ade f e aa

ee. De fae ade fe a cae, ee e, ga ea e Te BCM

Eaa Mde.

De fae fc aa a, dee gde, a fae ade cae c/ee

ade e e a eae. Fg f a a de aaade faea fade a

de ge ae a, e ee e ba. Fga gaeade fe ge (dec BCM,

ER, CM, BR ad dec BCM) a ea a ea f eee de. Reae f

feagadege eede de ed de ade eae. Mdee edeade

df bde fd a feagadege c eeadea. Nga ae a aa

ba a a g abad ed adade a dee eeeade c aa ed

de ga dee.

De a ae dea fe c e a c eae a dee a

ada. T fd a fe e dee a ge e da a BCM e de g a

daeeca abee e eae a dee aa. Mdee ecade f a

aa geee. Dea eb a de e ee fae f ecfa feage. Fag

egae fg f a eca eae ga e a dea a.

1Kbeeda f feag.2

Ndbeeda.3Kaeg.4egfga.


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Eaae Y Be C Maagee

AC

BCI Be C Ie

BCM Be C Maagee

BCP Be C Pag

BIA Be Iac Aa

BR Be Rece

CM C Maagee

ER Eegec Ree

N/A N Acabe

NRI Negae Re Iac

RI Re Iac

SCM S Ca Maagee


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DEF

A ee a cea ee e f ccace a, d cc, ae a effec

e aceee f e e f e ec bece (APM PRAM Gde, 2006, . 17).

C

A a c af ad de, f g agde, dde, ace ad dead a

e ee ad de e f ca eag fae (Re, 1993, . 116).

BE C AAGEE

A c aagee ce a defe ea ea a gaa ad e ac

be ea a e ea, f eaed, g cae, ad c de a fae

f bdg gaaa eece e caab f a effece ee a afegad e

ee f e aede, ea, bad ad aeceag ace (B Sadad,

2008a).

CA

Lfe cce cee g ca, fa, faca ad edge f f g

dc ad ece f e ed e (Ae, 2000, . 6).

EECE

Te ab f a gaa, aff, e, e, ac ce abb e ac f a

be e, d ad/ ad ce de a acceabe ee f

ece (BCI, 2008).

EEGEC EE

Ac ae ec ee, e ee ad ae (baed N, 2008).

C AAGEE

Ogaed aagee f deed ee g dec aegca ad acca e

ad e adg f ea ad eea cca (baed N, 2008).

BE ECE

Sece ce, aeae dc, ee cee ad ca aagee

(baed N, 2008).

DEC BC

Dec BCM e ag f ER, CM ad BR (A & R, 2008, ee cae 4.1).

DEC BC

Idec BCM ea a e fac fece e ce f BCM beg a a f e

eec f ER, CM ad BR (A & R, 2008, ee cae 4.1).


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Eaae Y Be C Maagee

CE

1 Idc ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Bacgd .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Teeca bacgd ........................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Pe ad bece ........................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Tage g .......................................................................................................................... 4

1.5 Dea ........................................................................................................................... 4

1.6 Cae ee .................................................................................................................... 5

2 Medg ................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Scefc aac .................................................................................................................. 6

2.2 Te eeac ce ............................................................................................................... 6

2.3 Reeac ............................................................................................................... 6

2.4 Reeac aace .............................................................................................................. 7

2.5 Reeac aege ................................................................................................................. 7

2.6 Te .......................................................................................................................... 8

2.7 Reab ad ad ............................................................................................................. 8

2.8 Obec ............................................................................................................................... 9

2.9 Sce .................................................................................................................................... 9

2.10 Wg ed ................................................................................................................... 10

3 Te e ................................................................................................................................ 11

3.1 R aagee eg ............................................................................................. 11

3.1.1 R aagee .......................................................................................................... 11

3.1.2 Be c aagee ................................................................................. 13

3.1.3 C aagee & c eaede .................................................................... 17

3.1.4 S ca aagee ............................................................................................ 18

3.2 Ca f ee ...................................................................................................................... 19

3.3 Scg e cce ....................................................................................................... 20

4 Leag f dceed cae ................................................................................................. 214.1 Te cc f a e ..................................................................................................... 21

4.2 Cg e cae ................................................................................................................ 22

4.3 Dceed cae ................................................................................................................ 24

4.3.1 Te Na/Ec d ...................................................................................... 24

4.3.2 Te e a BP Tea C efe ........................................................................ 28

4.3.3 Te Fee eca f Fd Ee e USA ......................................................... 32

4.3.4 Te SAS Da 8 Q400 cde ..................................................................................... 35

4.3.5 E bac .......................................................................................................... 384.3.6 A Face fg AF4590 ................................................................................................ 40


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4.3.7 Cba Jaa ................................................................................................................ 42

4.3.8 CcaCa UK Daa daa ................................................................................ 43

4.4 Le f e dceed cae .................................................................................... 45

5 Te BCM Eaa Mde ........................................................................................................... 47

5.1 Deeg e ea de ........................................................................................ 47

5.1.1 Fac eeed f e e ..................................................................................... 47

5.1.2 Fa f e .............................................................................................. 48

5.1.3 Fed f aca ........................................................................................................ 49

5.2 Mde ada.................................................................................................................... 49

5.2.1 Ca ada ....................................................................................................... 49

5.2.2 Ee ada ............................................................................................................ 51

5.3 Mde e ....................................................................................................................... 53

5.4 Te fa de ...................................................................................................................... 575.5 Aca f Te BCM Eaa Mde ........................................................................... 57

5.5.1 Beef .......................................................................................................................... 58

5.5.2 Wg cede........................................................................................................ 58

6 Re ........................................................................................................................................... 59

6.1 Meeg e bece .......................................................................................................... 59

6.2 Ffg e e ............................................................................................................. 60

6.3 Dcg e acab f Te BCM Eaa Mde .................................................. 60

6.4 Fe eeac ..................................................................................................................... 607 Refeece ..................................................................................................................................... 62

7.1 We efeece ................................................................................................................ 62

7.2 Iee ce .................................................................................................................... 66

Aedce ............................................................................................................................................ 69

A. Te fa de .............................................................................................................................. 70

B. Cafca f fac ................................................................................................................. 77

C. Ma eea ....................................................................................................................... 96

D. Cee f dceed cae .............................................................................................. 99E. Ca ada ..................................................................................................................... 103

F. Ee Vada ......................................................................................................................... 134


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1Idc

1 DC

T e e fa a f e Mae f Scece R Maagee ad Safe

Egeeg gae a Ld Ue, Fac f Egeeg, Sede. TeSed ace be ad ad Ma AB ed e a ee

be c aagee (BCM). T ee e a f e e

Deae f Be Ada, Ma AB ad e Deae f Fe Safe

Egeeg ad Se Safe aced a e.

1.1 BACGD

Te deee f de eee ge ad e ce ca

a ad dde cg ad aeg c ceae e f

eee (Seff, 2005; Bae & Cg, 2005). I ece ea ee aebee a be f ce eg gfca ecc ad, e cae,

a f ae ae f e eee ed (Seff, 2005). Te a f e

cae e d e ca c a ee a e a

ea a ca eee de (Bae & Cg, 2005). T aec

fe deaed b Hedc ad Sga (2005) a e c

e deceaed b ea 40 % aeage f 827 ca d

acee.

Fee, ee a bee a ceae e dead da eee.

Lega, e ea ad cage ce dead ae ae afe fac a cbe aagee a a fac f ce. (Hc

& Gd, 2004)

Te be d a ee eae f ce a cd ae bee aded

bee eaede. A eae a da b gd ad bad BCM e fe a

ecdc fac Abee, USA c e ed ed Na ag

ae ae f Ec (La, 2001). Ae eae e J &

J Te cae 1982 c acced f ded f f da f

fge ae ad added c (Mce, 1989). Tee cae fe e

ace f BCM a a a f e eee aagee gae.

Fee, ga f a eac a be def a

ad d a e a gea c. Teefe, e a a a

afac BCM ce a c a d be f gea ae a

gaa. Oe a eee e c a be a e gaed ad

eaed c aagee ea e eee (Cg, 2004). If e e

fac f gd BCM ca be defed, a, a a e f e ace f e

eee aagee, ge e ca e eece g g g

cd ad e ea a e a cede f ae ae a

5R & Wf (2007), . 44.


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2 Eaae Y Be C Maagee

e eaed cae gge e dae e. T ead e cc

a a de eaae ee a eee a a afac ee f BCM

d be e ee f a.

1.2 EECA BACGD

Kaa ad Gac (1981) ae a e e defe a a e a

ae e ee e: Wa ca ae? H e ae? Ad, f

ae, a ae e ceece? T e fc e ab edce

ceece e e a ae g ceece e aceee f

bece ad babe a ee ae a de e f ca

eag fae ad af, de ad f g agde c,

accdg Re (1993, . 116), caacee a c.

Tee ca aa be a dc e ae ee cae cea d

be aed a e a aage a g bab cde eceece. Sc e a. (1982) ae a a dda ecee a

geae ea f g ceece ee f e babe d ae

ee e a f Kaa ad Gac def ed. Teefe, a

a e e a eceed a gaa cd be cceae

cae cea. Fee, a cae ae eaed e

aage fee cde b fe ee dea, e a e be

age eg, a eg gegaca aed be cceed

eee ceece ea (Mff, 2005).

T be abe gae ad aage ea ea, a BCM gae f geaace (Te, 2004; Kg & Pe, 2002). BCM ce ee ae,

eegec ee (ER), c aagee (CM) ad be ece (BR)

(N, 2008). ER fce e ace ae f a accde ad cde feag,

ee ec ad e ec eae. CM fce

aag cca fc e ca dg a c e BR ac ae

ee e be ace e ga ee. T e fc BCM

ad e ac ae b e gaa edce e ceece f a c

a.

Eae cae a e a aec f BCM cde e ca c e ca e (Pa, 2007). A ca ce de a

bee deeed b Pec e a. (2003) ceae ee ca ad

gae a age ceece cde aea a a e f a d e

ca. Pec e a. de a cde eaede eac

edcabe cage. T e fc eae edce e ea

c f a ca d.

Te ca b a a dded ee a f. Tee ae a) e

aea f, c f ea f e e dead de, b) e ca

f, c f dea ad c) e faa f, c f bdec e ca. (Ae, 2000; Labe e a., 1998; Seff, 2005)


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3Idc

Caa (2004) a ae e fe ad dde e ca fe

bca c ae ca, faca, faa, eaa ad aa.

I ea ee e ae e a f, ee Caa add eaa,

e age beee a e, e gaa ad ce f a

beef ad aa, e cee ad age ac e f, ce,

e ad ece ae f e e f dceg ad bgg ae

dc, ece ad ce e.

Te abe ae dffee a f eag a ca e. I e e

ab deae e fac, affecg a f ee bca.

I e eeca bacgd f cae CM Mff (2001) a deeed a be

acce de f CM c e eag f a ea ee dffee e f

, eae e a eca e aca c aagee, eae

dffee e ce e gaa, bdg ea

aede c ad ge e e f gee cea ag.I ca CM e ace f e eb, ee ad eae

ce eed b Fed ad Ga (2006). Tee ce ae

ceed e fac a dg a c a, e eb d a e

ae e affeced ac, e gaa ad caa d be e

ae a dg a ccace ad a e c d be aaged a e

e ee be.

I ca aagee, dffee aege edce ceece ae a

ega a f Pec e a. (2003) fae f e ee ca.

Regadg CM, Mff (2001) a deeed a be acce de eae fc e Fed & Ga (2006) ae eeed e eed f ee

ce. Dffee aace ae bee ed egadg c ca,

BCM ad ca CM. T e ege e dffee e a

bade e.

1.3 E AD BECE

Te e f e

BC.

T ff e, e a bece

.

T acee e abe bece, e fg bbece ae eed be

ffed:

Idef, e eae, e e fac ed BCM c ae eaed

ca d.


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Iegae f e cae ce eea a ae f fac a ae

e gfca a e f a a c a c be

aaged e.

Dc eae e e fac ad ce e BCM aea

c e ca be eaaed.

Baed edge f e abe, dee a efed ad c

effece de f e eaa f a eee BCM ad eeb ge

c aea e.

1.4 AGE G

T e ageed a b acadea ad cae aagee ea. I

acadea, aagee de ca beef f e g e

eee edg a cde b dceed cae ad e deee

f a de. Te a a be eed b e e BCM ad e f

dceed cae c a ge dea f fe de.

Cae aagee ea a be ace ca beef f e

de a a be a gd ge a e a f e BCM e

ca.

1.5 DEA

T a ec be deae dg a 20ee e ed, e fg

dea ae eed:

T e a eaa ae acee effece BCM. Hece, f

Kaa ad Gac (1981) def f ed, ea a e

fc be eaa aage e ceece f a c ad

e ce e e bab f a c cc. Hee, a BCM

a ace ac, fe affec e cea ad ed e

edcg e ceece.

Oe a f eaag e fac a eee be eeed Te

BCM Eaa Mde. T ee e de f becg eee

ad e cg, de ce a aec f eac fac.


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1.6 CAE

T e

Te fa e

Baed e e

Fac f

eea e fac

Idce dff

EE

ced e cae Fge 1.

1. C .

6. Re

f e BCM eaa de, ad ee e e

aceed, be dced cae.

5. Te BCM eaa de

f e dceed cae, cbed e fd

BCM eaa de be deeed, adaed ad e

. Leag f dceed c

e eae e ae a e c aed

a ae e e a e f e ce

3. Te e

e aace RM & BCM ad ee a ce f

eae eac e.

2. Medg

Decbe e g ed ad deg ed

1. Idc

Icde bacgd ad e & bece.

5Idc

ad bece ee

g e eae, a

ed.

e

ceed cae

f a c a.

ee cce

g.


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6 Eaae Y Be C

2 EDG

We edg efe

ed ae ad ecedgca e ae ae

dead c ed g

2.1 CEFC AAC

A aae aac

aac ga a de

(He & Sag, 1997). T

e e a f ca

ad e aae aaaec f eac fac.

2.2 E EEAC CE

Te eeac ce ca be de

be cdeed befe a cefc

2.

2.3 EEAC

Tee ae ee dffee

ee ad ea. W

aed ad ed a a bec

dea a e d a be

6Kge, H., Obaed f Je

Maagee

e e f eeac d be de

e ed gae ad aae daa. If e de acc e ed ae ce ea

e e be e (Sade e a. 2003).

decbe ad ea a bec e a a

ee deadg ad decbe e c

e e a eaae aa

a a be egaed. A ed

c e fa de e

cbed a a (Fge 2) ee a ae e

ce a beg.

. (2003, . 83).

e a dae e eae:

e g a beabe ca ea

e e f e be. Iee e

fed d beabe ca ea

, 1973

e,

ge

ae

e

a

ea

e a

ed

,

e


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7Medg

g e ce c ge e a e f ace. Rea ae

a e eea affec ee a a ea ceaed. Te a

dffeece beee ea ad a ea ecge e ace

f deadg ee ca cced eea ad eag,

bece ea, ce cee a fece, ad ea ca, e

ae f ee e ad bea. (Sade e a., 2003)

I e e a e ad a c eeac b

a e a eee e e dffee cce be eaed

fd ee dffee e ae da.

2.4 EEAC AACE

Tee ae dffee eeac aace, dedce ad dce. Te dedce

aac dee a e ad e c ae eed e a dce

aac gae fa c dee a e. (Sade e a., 2003)

I e b e dedce ad e dce aac be ed a

fa f e eae be gaeed f e e c e be

eed dceed cae ee f cec.

2.5 EEAC AEGE

Te eeac aeg e a, g cea bece, ae e cefc

e e eeac. Tee ae e dffee eeac aege cdg

eee, e, cae de, gded e, ega ad ac

eeac. (Sade e a., 2003)

Te eee c ed ad ca e a def f a

eeca e, a eec f dffee ae, a dc,

eaee c f aabe. Te e a acaed a

dedce aac ad fe e f f a eae a eace e

b f cag a bg ae. Te cae d e eca ega

f a be ad ca fe ge e ae eg aeed. Te

gded e a dedce ad dce aac c a a a

eeca fae ad e dee e g bea. Te e e

e e edc fe bea c a, a , cf eedc. Ega a dce aac, gaed f ag,

c a e e ee e ca d e ae a a e eeac

bec d. Ac eeac fced g cage a gaa c

cde eea e f eaa ad e f e a dea a e dea

eed. (Sade e a., 2003)

I e, a gded e aeg be ed a baed a

e f a de b e e be baed eae de. Te e e

be a edc f a a fac f eae dceed

cae. Tee dceed cae ge adda fa egadg cfac eee f e e. Te e ea eaa de be


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eed g a e a ca ee f eae be c

aagee (BCM) a cec a.

2.6 E

Reeac ca ee ae a ceca aac, c ea a a a ae a a cea e, a gda aac, ee e bec f e d

fed e e. (Sade e a., 2003)

T e ae a de f ceca e eae a ca

ce a f BCM. Dg e ce a gda aac be ed

eae eae cae a ee be dffce da cc f a

a f a cea e a c.

2.7 EAB AD AD

Reab ea a a cea d e ae e f cdcede e e ad ea a e g ae beg eaed

(Eegd, 2003). Y (2003) ea a f eab d be aceed a cae

d e cede be e dceed. Regadg cae de Y fe

e a ad d be dded ee dffee a: cc ad,

ea ad ad eea ad.

I e cc ad be addeed, dg daa cec, b e

e f e ce ad e eabe f a ca f edece g e e

f dceed cae. T , aa f cc ad, a bg eab

e d. Dg e c f e e, ee ae be ee e eea dee a ad cc.

A cae d gd ea ad ae da e g cc cceg

a a fac ead e e. If ea ad ee a be e fac,

c aca ead e e, c ae ed (Y, 2003). A fa

egadg ce ea aeeded ee a a cc a be

da cec de cfdg fac.

Pa (2002) ea a e a aae ed ed a eec

fac cae a , ag e beaa/aaca caabe fe eeace, ge ad ad eagfe e eeac. Y (2003) ea

a de geeae cae de ee d be a e ad ea

a e e ae ca be ceced e cae. I e ea

ade e d e bece df e e egad

e f e d. We cae ae ce, a a a e

c f eg fa a a eaa ca be ade. Te e f

e dceed cae be aaabe f e eaae.

We cdcg e cae de, eca gc d be ed. T ca be

ee ea eca, c ea a e ecd cae ge e ae e,


21/151

9Medg

eeca eca c ge cadc e f a edcabe

ea. (Y, 2003)

I e e eca gc a be ad acee ce a ce ae

c. A Mff (2001) a dded ce ee dffee caege ad a

ca d ad ca ce ae ag ee, e fc be acee ea eca e ca d aea.

2.8 BEC

Scece bec ea g ad a f ea c

a aceed g e aee f dffee e e aea (Eegd,

2003). T e acee bec g e eae d a ed

ae be ba a e ad g ee ee dffee age. A

eae d f cefc ace a ae babe a ee ace ae

bee ceced a e ae baed agea ag ee aabe a ee eae.

I e ee a e e ea ea eea e cae ae

eeed b be ce eaed b e fac a e a f e

ae ad a e cede ad a da cc be acced f.

2.9 CE

I cece e ab e a ce ead f ecda ce c

ae a eea f e a daa (Eegd, 2003). I e e e f

ecda ce, a ea eaae eae dceed cae, eabe. Tae be dea b fdg a a ce a be ee c

eea c b a c eea ee be e

cec.


22/151

10 Eaae Y Be C

2.10G ED

Te abe a ccded a

Leae

de

Te f acceg

be ae

Te Le

Baed

dce

Dceed

cae

Te e

dead

c. Te aa e

Pea

de

Baed

de

Mde

ada

Te e

aff

adaed

Fa de

Te a a

ada a

Maagee

g ed decbed be.

a eae d e c f BCM. Ifeegec ee, c aagee ad b

ed fd a fac f effece BCM

e eae d, a fae e a a e

d cae be deeed.

be aed aae a cae acee a

g f c fac ae f e ace f

eea a ae f fac a ae f a c a be aaged e.

e abe e ad d f dceed cae, a

e deeed f e eaa f a ca'

a de be adaed a. F

e ee f ade ae eed. Secd

g ee .

ge be eg e de baed e c

d ee ad dc e fa e f e

ae ece

.

f aag

e ce f a

gfca

ea

ee f BCM.

be eed

, be

e f e

de.


23/151

11Te e

3 E E

Te a eed be eaed befe cecg e d f dceed

cae e cafca f aagee eg ad eae eae ebe c aagee (BCM) c. Te e f d ae e

f e e, g c dceed cae be eaed.

3.1 AAGEE EG

R aagee eg ded b abg e ee a B

Sadad (2008a) eced gaa ceae e ga a a a

f e aagee ce. Tee ae e def f

aagee, BCM ad c aagee (CM) ad e ae e fa aa. T be

abe dead ee ee ae ed gee, e fg ec ee a fe f e def ad ge a cc f e cg beee

e dffee ee. Ne a e def be faed

cae.

3.1.1 AAGEE

Ae e ee e:

Wa ca ae? H e ae? If ae, a ae e ceece? (Kaa & Gac, 1981, .13)

A ee a cea ee e f ccace a, d cc,

ae a effec e aceee f e e f e ec bece (APM

PRAM Gde, 2006, . 17).

Effec f cea bece (ISO/IEC Gde 73, 2007, . 2).

Te cace f eg aeg, eaed e f bab ad

ceece. Te ceece a be ee e egae. R a geeaee ca be defed a e ea f a ac ac a ee a

gaa ab acee be bece. Te e f a ccg

ae defed b e ac (BCI, 2008).

AAGEE

Cdaed ace dec ad c a gaa egad

(ISO/IEC Gde 73, 2007, . 3).

7Seff, 2005, .15.


24/151


Te ce, cee ad ce a ae ace effece aage

ea e ad adee effec. A be deabe

eae a , e bece ee c effece cee a edce

a acceabe ee, eec acceabe ad ea b faca

ee .e. afe e g ace e ea, b

gaaa ee .e. Be C Maagee (BCI, 2008).

Te ce, cee ad ce a ae ace effece aage

ea egae ee. A be deabe eae a , e

bece ee c effece cee a edce a acceabe

ee, eec acceabe ad ea b faca ee .e. afe

e g ace e ea, b gaaa ee

(B Sadad, 2008a).

Eee aagee a ce, effeced b a e bad f dec,

aagee ad e ee, aed aeg eg ad ac eeee, deged def ea ee a a affec e e, ad

aage be aee, de eaabe aace egadg

e aceee f e bece (COSO, 2003, . 3).

Te eac aca f aagee ce, cede, ad acce

e a f aag, eaag, cg, ad ccag ab e

(CSA, 1997, . 3).

A ced aac aagg cea eaed a ea, g a

eece f a ace cdg: aee, aege deee aage , ad ga f g aagea ece (Weda, 2008a).

CC

Baed e def abe, aagee a ca/gaa

ab:

Cdag ace . Ieeg ceffece cee a

. . I, , , ,

.

Hee, be abe dead e e , a f, e eag

f a be ded. Accdg e def abe, :

Te f eg aeg ad e fg . A ee a e aceee f bece. Tead f eg aeg.

T ea a ab bab ad ceece c ea a

ee ae a f aagg afe defca: e ee e


25/151

13Te e

bab e ceece f a deed ee. If be, e a a

be aded cee b e.g., e ce d, ecage a aad

ceca f a aad ceca.

Fee, be ccde a a eg a a e

aeed (a ae? ? ae, , ,f eg aeg, f a ac ac). T ea a

aagee eeced a ee cc def, aae ad gae

. If a bece ea, ge a . I a bece a cea ee

e ea f a c a.

Regadg eee aagee, a ee aagee

ee eeced .e. aagee a eee. Ae eae

ca aagee c aagg e ca (ee

ec 3.1.4).

3.1.2 BE C AAGEE

BE C

A ace ce c defe e e fc f a gaa ad e

e ea e fc (B Sadad, 2008a).

A ge f dae ece, aed a ag a gaa ce

fcg afe (ad dea, dg) a dae, ae a beg abe

ece afe a dae (Weda, 2008b).

A gg ce ed b e aagee ad fded ee a

e ecea e ae ae def e ac f ea e, aa

abe ece aege, ece a, ad c f ece (NFPA 1600,

2007, . 16004).

BE C AAGEE

A c aagee ce a defe ea ac a eae a

gaa ad de a fae f bdg eece e caab f

a effece ee a afegad e ee f e aede,

ea, bad ad ae ceag ace (BCI, 2008).

A c aagee ce a defe ea ac a eae a

gaa ad de a fae f bdg eece e caab f

a effece ee a afegad e ee f e aede,

ea, bad ad ae ceag ace. A e aagee f e ea

gae g ag, eeaa, ad ee, ee e a a

ce ad dae (B Sadad, 2008a).

A c aagee ce a

defe ea ea aga e ac

dge e ceece f a ea bece a ea


26/151


ge a fae f eece a c

ge eee ad be ac effce a c de

o ec ee, e ee ad ae

o ec e ca f

o ec age ad bad ae

o ee e ce (N, 2008).

FM Gba e e Be C Ie def b Sa Sede,

aa ce ede ad aage, FM Gba Be R Cg G

(BRCG) fe defe BCM a:

A be ce ae a a eca ca eff b a ebe f a

gaa e bd ee cee. I a fae a cbe a

eee f aagee ad eaed dce, c ca ae ead a

ac eed dce caed e be c a, BCP. (Rea

Magae, Mac 2007, . 18)

Be c aagee de e aaab f cee ad

ece de ee e ced aceee f cca bece

(Gb e a., 2004, . 2).

A a ca be eed de geae cfdece a e f

cee ad ece ca be deeed e face f . I cceed

defg ad aagg e c eae d eea cee ad

acaed ece, gag e effec f ee , ad eg a ece

f a ce ece aceabe gfca d e eee(Gbb & Bcaa, 2006, . 129).

Te gg aagee f e be c a ee a aa ce ad aaabe ad

e gg aagee f eaa eece ad ce aaab a gaa, e a f eg a e gaaeeece e be dada d (CCea, 2008).

BE C AG

Te adace ag ad eaa a ae ecea def e ac fea e; fae ad ee abe ece aege; dee

ece a() c ee c f gaaa ece e ee f a

ee/cde/c; ad dee a ceee ag, eg ad

aeace gae (BCI, 2008).

Te adace ag ad eaa c ae ecea def e ac

f ea e; fae ad ee abe ece aege;

dee ece a() c ee c f gaaa ece e

ee f a eegec dae; ad ade a ceee ag,

eg ad aeace gae (B Sadad, 2008a).


27/151

15Te e

Ec Je, aa ce ede ad aage, BRCG U.S. ea defe

be c ag a:

Be c ag, a BCP, e eee f be c

aagee. A BCP da f fagaeg ad aee, ad

e agg ebe e dda, e ceae eceaege baed ecfc bece (Rea Magae, Mac 2007, . 18).

CC

Accdg e abe, BCM :

A c aagee. Iea ac. Pde a . Effece .

aede, ea, bad ad ae ceag ace. e ce. , eeaa ad ee ee a dae. a be c a. E f cca bece. d .

Aga, a e aagee cae, a a be

c be abe dead BCM c accdace e def

abe :

A ace. Iea e fc. Af dae ece. Te dg ad afe a dae. .

B e f def a a aagee ce ad b bg e

defca f ea ad e ee ee. Te a cc f e

abe a be c ad BCM a e ae eag. F a

d a fd, B Sadad defe b cce. T gee

e fac a e Be C Ie defe BCM b BC ad ae Naa Fe Pec Aca defe BC b BCM fe ege

age.

Ogaaa ce ae e eae fe dded ee ae (B

Sadad, 2008b; N, 2008). A f a ace ae ee e fc ag

e, e ee ad e. Secd a eace ae a fc

e ca f cca be fc. Te a ae e ece ae

c a e be bac e ae a a e c. Ma

AB a aed ee ae, eegec ee (ER), c aagee (CM) ad

be ece (BR) a Fge 3 be.


28/151


3. B AB (, 2008).

S e BCM eeced? Lg a e def aga, BCM e a ce,

defca, ee, aagee, aeace f a ec. T ea a

ag BCM eda e e ee, aagee ad ece f a

c, a eeced a c a fabcae ad a e ee

be c a, e f eac ae.

Regadg be c ag (BCP) decbed a:

ad eaa. Ie ac f ea e. Tad ee ece aege. Te deee f c ad ece. Tag, eg ad aeace. A be c a. Oe eee f BCM.

S a e dffeece beee BCM ad BCP? A ca f e def f

e e a ee e e e dffeece. BCP a be ee a

e ca a a ce f e BCM ce. I be a a BCP

e ee f BCM e e ee f aagee dced abe. Ee ca


29/151

17Te e

d dee e a f eac ae, a ER a, a CM a ad a BR a

(N, 2008).

Ae cc a BCM e ad gaaa eaede ae

a e ga f . BCM fce e a f e ceece

fg a deed ee b de a edce e bab f adeed ee ee g a be aceed e ce.

3.1.3 C AAGEE &C EAEDE

C

A a c af ad de, f g agde, dde, ace

ad dead a e ee ad de e f ca eag

fae (Re, 1993, . 116).

A ccece ad/ ece a eae e ea, aff, aedeae, aede, bad, ea, ad/ aegc/be ga f a

gaa (BCI, 2008).

A cca ee, c, f aded a aae ae, a daaca

ac a gaa fab, ea, ab eae. O, a

ccece ad/ ece a eae e ea, aff, aede

ae, aede, bad, ea, ad/ aegc/be ga f a

gaa (B Sadad, 2008a)

C AAGEEOgaaa c aagee a eac ae b gaaa

ebe eea aede ae ce effece aage e

a d cc (Pea & Ca, 1998 . 61).

Te ce b c a gaa aage e de ac f a Be

C ee/cde/c ee de c caed

ac e gaa e Be C Maagee Pa ed a

a a f e C Maagee ce (BCI, 2008).

Te ea cda f a gaa ee a c, a effece,

e ae, e ga f adg g daage e gaa

fab, ea, ad ab eae (B Sadad, 2008a).

NFPA 1600 (2007, . 16004) defe dae/eegec aagee a a

gg ce ee, gae, eae f, ed ad ece f a

cde a eae fe, e, ea e ee.

EAEDE

Ace, a, gae, ad e deeed ad eeed a

eegec a ae ed e ee f, ga f, ee ad

ece f eegece (NFPA 1600, 2007, . 16005).


30/151

18 Eaae Y Be C

C EAEDE

A ae f cae eade

ege adea cca

c, b cc ecg

ccece (Seaffe & Ma

CC

CM a defed abe ab

cag CM ad BCM, e c

Fee, bece f

c a c ea

gae, eaed

eaede ad BCM ca be

3.1.4 CA AAGEOe e a decade, c

gc a ace, aeg

a ae e be f

e edae ea

e ceece f c a d

de e ce

ca (ee Fge 4)

ce. Hee, e ea

4.

Ofe ca eca

ecd ad d e db

e ad db. T

gaa ed a c

ed. Te fc f SCM

be cca. I a e

ea ad dea g

added ae, ea ea, a

e ce eac f

eac f e

ea a ee ae f ee

a be ee e a a ed

Iface Deedece,

Ne ad e f Te

ca. Tee ae ae e ca ad f a c

Te 1 Te 2 S

Maagee

feee ad effece adde e

ce e ea fc a de

g ad ace eag f e

eg, 2003, . 575).

eeg ad aagg c a.

c a CM e a f e BCM

ce feee ad effece ed

a f a ca a a e eabed

ade a c. Hece, a ca,

e a e ae ae.

Ea aagee (SCM) a ge f a fc

c ad cae aac. Pe, SCM a

e f ca d, a

, egaged bffe c aee

. Tda SCM e deadg c

a. Lg a a ceac age f a c

ea ee a ea ea f

c e ce. (Zd & Rce, 2009)

' .

f, ecd ad d e e ad/

ce. Eac f ee a

ea a ee a be a age b

a ca e e e

e gaa e dc ece ae

ace ac eeeg a ce e

aa eace e cee ada

ad fab a e ae e a aa

(Zd & Rce, 2009, . 3). Te c

c Pec e a. (2003) ad. Pec

f . Te f ee Pce/Vae Sea

ed a Fge 4. Te ecd ee Ae

e d Ogaa ad Iegaa

e ae a ea ee e ed

c a eac e e ce a d a.

e

Mafa

ce

Db

Reae

a

a

abe

ga,

ce.

a

BCM

c

e

f

dce

a

a

f,

e

f

fe

e

f

age,

g a

e

e a.

c

ad

a

ed

C

e


31/151

19Te e

3.2 CA F EE

D ae fe caed b a ee f deed ee. I be a e

a ee cc a a e begg e affeced ca. Te

ce f da SCM fe e a e deed ee ead ae

c fa ead a cca ee. A, e cca ee a be dffee fdffee cae, b e ad age. Ee g e BCM gaa

fce aagee f e cca ee, effece BCM a be abe dea

e ea befe a cca ee. Tee dffee age f a d

ad e ca f ee ae eaed Fge 5 be.

Fee, a cca ee ead e aca f a f e ee be

c a. E.g. feeaeg a, e a d f deee

f a e, ee a be eed f ER.

5. (, 2007).

Cde a d deee f e e f e cca ce X.

1. Uage f aeae e b a a ge ce.

2. Tee f ce X; ece ae e e

eeded dg ed.

3. L f ae eee f e da f e d.

4. I e e, de e ac f deee, ce b e a

a ec e.


32/151


5. I e g , eee fa a e ae ge egad e

ca a a ea eabe e a befe e d.

3.3 CG E CCE

Te cc f e abe dc a eed e fg de:

6. .

Fge 6 e age f e dffee aagee e ad a

e e ae eeced. I be ed a ee eee fe b eac

e, f eae ee ae fac f bab edc BCM ee g e

a bece e e ceece. BCM ca be ee a e a f

aagee b ee ae e dffeece.

Ag aagee Kaa & Gac def f , ca be dded

g bab ceece. Te bab ca be edced b ee

adg e cee e.g. da a e dc f e ae

b eeg e f aeg e.g. e cg edce e

bab f d. Te ceece ca be edced b gag e

b e.g. ag e ec aee. T edce e

bab f a fe b e edce e ceece f a fe.

We eecg aagee a ca dea ecfc a e

a ae ae bee defed dg e ce. If ee a ceffece

dea e , be aaged accdg e.g. e, afe

ee ec. Hee f a a bee defed ca be aaged,

ca ? T ee BCM e . Ag defca ed BCM a

dea c a degadg f a a caed ae.


33/151

21Leag f dceed cae

4 EAG F DCEED CAE

.

T cae c f ee e. F, e cc f a e g c

e dceed cae ca be aaed. Secd, ce e dffee cae baed

a be f cea ad d, e aa ef.

4.1 E CC F A E

T cc e e e f e a d e eae fd e

aea e c. Te e c f fac abe e ee

e f be c aagee (BCM) c ae eegec ee (ER),

c aagee (CM) ad be ece (BR) gee e ag

ce f ee.

T f e cafca f fac, Ma AB de f BCM a ed (Fge

3). Aa f e ee caege ed b Ma AB, ee adda caege

ee added. T ed dffee caege; dec BCM, dec BCM, ER, CM, BR

ad e.

We dffee ee ee aced de e caege e f e a:

D e fac cce BCM dec dec? Dec BCM d cae be e

ag f eec f a f e e be Ma AB de f BCM (Fge

3). Idec BCM ea a e fac fece e ce f BCM bega a f eec f e e be. If e ae a ee e e fac

a e.

A Qaae (1998) eae e eg f ecgg a ag f c

a ad CM ae eaae cee e fg e dec BCM

cdeed e e fac eeced: I dg e c? Hee,

ea a a a be eeced dg e c ad dg

ea e eec f a f e BCM a. If e ae a e e

fac a aced de dec BCM e dg ed e f ER, CM BR. If

cceed feag, ec f ee e ec f ae d

g ER. If cceed gaed adg f ee, aegca ad acca

e ea ad eea cca d g CM. Fa, f

cceed ece ce, aeae dc, ee cee e

de f SCM d g BR.

Ude eac caeg e a ceaed dffee fac ee e ee

ee aced. Te fac ee aed efec e ee.

8Web, 1989, . 31.


34/151


Te cee cafca f fac abe fd Aed B. Te

cafca eed e e fac Tabe 1 be.

1.

BC Udeadg e gaa, Cae ce, Maagee

, Eea ea, Iea ea, Qc deec,

Adaab, Acceace.

D BC BCM Pgae, Lab, R defca, R aa, Hc

e, Pa, Ieea, Cea ebe, Tag ad

edca, Teg, Ree, Cae c aee, Be

ece bece.

Ae e, Ree cede, Eaca cede,

Eegec ee ee.

C

Lee ce, Qc ee, Iea cca,

Eea cca, CM Tea, Dec ag, C

ea cee, Dead eg.

B

Debefg, Reddac, Iage.

Daabae c, Kedge.

4.2 CG E CAETe cae d ff e fg cea:

Te ee a caed a ca d.

Te ee a caed a egae ecc ac.

Te ee a eed d eda.

Eac cae e a bc ed ca.

Ifa egadg e ee be aaabe ad eee eg f

cc be da.

Te ee a cce e fe cae.

Te ee ae be a aade ee ad a aa dae.

Te ee cced dg e 21ce.

Te ea cae c cce e ca a e ae

eceed a e geae ea a ca eee de accdg Bae

ad Cg (2005).

If a ee de cae a egae ecc ac a be, e

a a eceed a a c b a ca.

Te fac a a cae eed d eda fe a dca f a a

ee.

Te ce a e cae e a bc ed ca ge e e a

a cae ed a c be eaed.


35/151

23Leag f dceed cae

T ge e f e dceed cae, e fa egadg e cae

be ffce eg da cc f.

If a dae c cce a ca a e ae e a be dffc

ee c fac a ae effece BCM ce a cage e a

ccace f ade a c. Fee, babe a eee e fgg e aagee f a c ce a feced

bg a f e ce. T ae e cce a ee c affec a

fe cae babe ge e a a a be acabe e

a.

Ma aa dae ae cced dg ece ea b fa

cceg f dda cae ee affeced b ee ea fd. T

e eefe eae cae ee e effec f a aade ac ead

e c. Te a e be abe da cc a be acabe

aa dae a e.

A d cae a efec da cae ee e cae be ed

e 21ce.

T fd cae, e a cdced a ecd eae e e eae

e c f CM ad BCM. Te e a ceeed ee eace

ad ed fdg f e ce ed aed D. Te a a,

baed e cea, ee cae eee a eec a ge eea cae

aae. I Tabe 2, e ce c ffed e cea ae ed. Eg f ee

cae ee eaed. We cg e cae, e a ce cae d dffee f f e ca. A, cae c ad eea

ae e e dffeece, e.g. e SAS ad A Face cae, ee a fd

e eeg de e b f a g ca. Fee, a fe

cae ee e e dceed, e.g. e Na/Ec ad BP cae, ad ee

eefe ge ea .

2. C .

Refe e ed 15 dea ad e

a 170 ed2005 BP

Ladg gea be Da 8 Q400 acaf

eed eea cde2007 SAS

Te SUV ee baed f accde c

ed dc eca2000 Bdgee/Fee

Ccde fg AF4590 caed c ed

109 dea2000 A Face

Jaaee Faca Sece deed Cba

ce ae bag ffce Jaa 2004 Cba Jaa


36/151


L ce de ac f deee,

da, e ca a egaed f

1998

2001Ma & Sece

Pfed ae be (CcaCa UK Daa)

eca afe eceedg ea 2004 CcaCa

Cac ca Aa ed 6 dea 2004 Iga

Da ae Jade bed

cacae f Maed c ed bc

f Aa da dc e Mdde Ea

2007 Aa Fd

Ca dcg e ad be aed a ee

eeded f dc a g.2004 Na

S Hgd Aa Ce aed

aa a ca' eee ad

aede a a baed.

2001Hgd Lfe

Scece

Fe e cdc fac Abee

ed ca d be e

afacg

2000 Na/Ec

Accg fad ed e bac f

E c de accg ca A

Adee f accg

2001E, A

Adee

4.3 DCEED CAE

Eac dceed cae be eeed a a f e c ad ce. Te e e f e, e cae be eaed egadg

e dffee fac f e e e bece fd e e fac c

ead e c ad/ bad ce. Fac c cbed e

ce ae e ac. Te fg e be egaed eac

cae:

Wa aeed ad ?

Wa a aaged e/?

Wc e fac cbed e fa ce? Cd e fac

ae bee aaged dffee?

Te ed ce be eeaed f eac cae.

4.3.1 E A/EC D

T cae aca eeg a ca b a e ad a e f e

ae d. We e ca gaed ae ae, e e ffeed

deaag e. Te e f ee a e a ee cced a a

e begg e affeced ae.


37/151

25Leag f dceed cae

CE

La (2001), Ta b Fe.

NCSU (2008), H D S ca R Occ?

Na & Ja (2004), Ec ace ca

aagee aac afe a e be accde. Seff (2005), .

A AE AE

LM Ec AB

Na C.

P Eecc NV

A AEED AD ?

O Fda eeg, Mac 17, 2000, e c f Abee Ne Mec a

b a de. A eecc e a c b a gg b c caed efca g e ae. Saed Abee, a P a

afacg adfeec c, ad ae dee e fa

e e fa ed. T caed e face Fabca N. 22

eea ad cac fe (Na & Ja, 2004). Te fe ggeed e aa ad

e ad e a e e, e fe a . Nbd a ad e

daage eeed a eggbe f a e eece. Te cde dd ee

eac e Abee eae (Seff, 2005). Le dd e a e ea

daa a e beg.

Wa e fe fge dd eae a a e fe ca a a caedcea a fe ag e ace age a af a c ge

de. Afe e fe e a ag b cea. Se ad a ead

g e fac ad aff ad fe fge e aced d a e dea

e fe. W e, f ce e f c a ed. Ee

e a e daage e cea a ad be cee aed. T

a gg be a e deadg b a eeced. (Seff, 2005)

Te Scadaa ce e ga, Ec ad Na, acced f 40 % f

e affeced de a e P a. Te fg Mda, Mac 20, e b

eceed a e ca f P ffca fg ab e fe bea agee d be dea f aae e ee. Ee befe Na cef

cecag aage, Ta Ma, eceed e ca e ad ced a

gc e e f P c a de be ee addg (La,

2001). Ee g M. Ma a e cceed ab e e, eee

dea ae ae gba ca, e ccaed e fa

e e Na gaa. T cded Pe Ke, Na

be e. M. Ke aced e affeced ce a eca ac

ad Na ade da ca P cec e a f e a.

Ke a ffeed P Na egee e b ffe a deced

a P ad e a de d add cf a e a

(Seff, 2005).


38/151


T ee afe e fe, e a ecaaed a Na e P caed M.

Ma ea e f ce f e d. P ad eaed a

d ae eea ee ee e a ad f c e

d be deaed. Ke cacaed a e dc f aae f

ade d be affeced a a e f bg ae. He c aebed

a ea f 30 Na ffca a . Te edeged c, bed

dc ad eeced e ca eee e caac f

e. (La, 2001)

A e ae e Sc, Sede, Ec eece ad e eaed e

ee f e a. Ec eceed e ae e ca a Na ee

da afe e fe b dde aagee faed ccae e fa

e e. Ja Waeb, ead f ce dc, dd fd ab e

d ea A. (La, 2001)

B a e, Me. Ke ad Ma ee e a Peadae Aeda ee e ca cef eece. A Ja

Oa, Na caa ad cef eece eed a fg aed e eeg.

Na ee e deadg ad eed a ee be d be

ed a. (La, 2001)

Na deced a eff eace e f c ffeed. De a

Na a c a a ce, e Jaaee e ad e U.S. e

adda de dce e a c fe da

ead e. Na fe deaded fa ab caac a e P

a. M. Ke ad e ga: F a e ed f e, P ad Nad eae a e ca egadg ee ce. T gae e ad

e c ee eaced b a fac Ede ad ae fac

Saga a a ade aaabe f Na. (La, 2001)

W Na, c ee edeged e cd be dced eeee. Ae

c ee ade f e e Ne Mec a e bac e

becae f a ec f e effece c dc. (Seff, 2005)

Na eff ea ad ff b f Ec ea dae. We e fa

aed P f e caac a aead bd b Na. Ec ad eeee f ae c eg a aggeg f a ea $400

ea eee (La, 2001). Te ee abe ece ea f a

g a ace ca. Hee, afe e fe, Ec ae

ae ad ge d 3 % ee Na ad ge b e ae eceage. A e

ed f 2000, Ec aced a f $2.34 b e be e d.

I A 2001, e ea afe e fe, e ca eeaed f e e ade

ae a a dce f ad ged a ee S, ceag S

Ec ed 5050 b e cae (Seff, 2005).


39/151

27Leag f dceed cae

A A AAGED E/?

S a ade Na ce a a e afe e c? T a , ee befe

e eceed a ca f P e ad ced a gc c deee [

] ad a a Na eceed e e f e fe, a ccaed

ge ace [ ; I ]. Te ae a

dec a eca ac [ ]. Sa e ded a

a ceced da [E ]. Na aed ceag P

ad ffeed e e ece [E ]. Te aebed a

ad aed g e aeae ece [].

Te fac a Na aff ca eee Na (La, 2001) dcae a gd

ad a ea . M. Ke ecaged

bad e ae fa c eae a a a ae f

e befe a deed ee cc. Fe Na cef eece, Ja Oa,

ed b eg fg aed e eeg Aeda

[ ]. B g e d a eca ac , Na aed aaee a a egaed a f ca aagee (SCM) ad

e cca dcae a fcg ega [H ]. Na a

adaed e a b edegg c ad acceeag a ec b c

dc [A]. Te ad cee e e eca ac c

fed . Te cad ce ad cca beee

Na ffca dcae , ee a eac f e eeee

e a a eeced f e. La (2001) ea a Na, a fe ea

befe e fe, ad a d a c e f da ea ae.

Ja Oa ed d ae aga ad aed a cd be cdeed

a BC . I cea ee e gae cded a be

c a b e a a d be ad acee a

Na dd c a e a.

Ad a ade e ce f Ec deadf? We, be a a

e aced e abe f Na b a e e . A f, ee g

e ee fed ab e fe ad d a e Abee a e

faed e ad dd e e adde. NCSU (2008)

age a e ee eee dd ccae e e f fea f

ead [C /I ]. Te fae f

aagee a ade be f a . Te e ca f

P ee da afe e fe a cdeed e ecca ag ae

ad e eeced e ee dea a ge a ea g. Ec

eee faed ae eb ad dd f e be [C

]. Te P a a Ec ce f adfeec c

b ee e ad ee a e deec e ag [ ] a

bac e []. T a dcae a ac f ce

ge cg bac e d ae acaed e ag be a

Ec. T ea a e a a ad bee ade

egadg e e. Ag Ec ade e f e g aace ca, f ae ae ca be ed.


40/151


Afe e c, b Ec ad Na ae eeed e aagee

cede be abe e fe d (Na & Ja, 2004; NCSU,

2008).

CBG FAC,CD E AE BEE AAGED DFFEE?

Te fac a Na ee e e aead f Ec ad eed a ae caac

ade be f Ec eee c f e ce e. T gae

Ec e g dc ad Na cd ce a a e b ag

ae ae f Ec. Te dffeece aagee beee e

cae a Ec cd ae aaged a g dffee.

4.3.2 E E A BEA C EFE

Ee g cae eae e, c e ea , e a

ea eae BP Tea C a ee a a afe aagee e

(SMS) e gaa b e accde cced. Ae ea ee cae a ca ge e aea f ER c a cae d.

CE

Bae e a. (2007), B ..

.

B Pee (2005), B A A 2005.

Cae & Ma (2005), BP a g aad deeced a da. Mgfd (2005), F , I

, C, , A.

Red e a. (2005),

Dead ba c Tea C. Sea, D. (2005),I' be bg e f a e. Sae e a. (2005), B C.

Te e a. (2005), We a a a aeed ad . U.S. Ceca Safe ad Haad Iega Bad (2007), I

, (15 , 180 ).

A AE AE

B Pee (BP)

A AEED AD ?O Wededa, Mac 23, 2005, dg a ea f a ea afe a

aed aeace age, a e cced Tea C e BP efe.

Te afea f e e ced f 15 dea ad 180 ed. Te cde

eeged f a efed affae e ce d a eed e e

faabe d a ed e e. Wag e faed e a

eac f e aff. Te eead e becae fded c ead a ee

e. T ade ee ee eef ae e f e c a age

a f faabe d eeed a b d d c a ceced e

aee. Te b d d ad fae, e cec e

aee, c ed d eag e d ad g e gd be.


41/151

29Leag f dceed cae

T d e eaaed ad ae ged a e. A faae

cced cced ae c ee aed ce e g aad . (US

Ceca afe ad Haad Iega Bad, 2007)

Dg e e e d eaaed f e , ee ef e aea

ad e aa c ae dg e aa. I e aeaad e b d d e e ER ea eded c afe e e

ad aed a eac ad ece ea. (Mgfd, 2005)

Te CEO Ld J Be fe e f e UK e e e da afe e

e (Te e a., 2005). I 24 f e e BP a eed a eb

age f fa egadg e cde (Sea, 2005).

A A AAGED E/?

Te e egadg cde ae f egag caace ad

eea e cde aeed ad e ca aced afe e cde.T ge g e ag ce b a c egadg e aca

aagee dg e c.

Te U.S. Ceca Safe ad Haad Iega Bad (CSB) (2007) fd eea

ecca fa cdg: e a cede eeded a e e c a

ced f e a ee , e ce a aed dee eed

afc, e e f e b d d a ffce f e a f

d a eded ee, e b d d ad bee eaced ee g

ad bee cdeed afe, cced ae ee aed ce a g

aad ce , eg e eeae f faabe aea f bd ac ad cced dg e ea befe e accde e beg

egaed ad e ea afe ee a eeed ee

eea ee ad e ce .

CSB (2007) fe ade e gaaa fdg: Bdge ea aed

ce afe eface, e BP Bad f Dec dd ae ffce

eg a ebe a ebe f aeg ad efg e aad

ee gae eface, ed ece f ce afe a e

dca a ea ae, defcece aeace gae, a cec

eb ea ade cec g g a be ea beg e,ac f eg ad eag ce, e ee e a ac f

BP aage ad be ac ce afe ee aeed e cage

cced.

Regadg BCM, CSB (2007) fd a e f e deg ea f e ced

e a beee e ad ea egadg

cca fa. Te cca bab a e f

beee e ad ea. Te ffce b d d, e

fac a a afe deg a ed ad eg e eeae f faabe

aea dcae defcece e ce e defca ad beede. Occed ae aed ce, ad e eeed ea


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afe ee, dcae ac f f e eg SMS. T dcae a

ac f eea f a. Te fac a e bad dd ae ffce

eg ad a ebe a ebe f e ce afe dcae a ac

f . Te defcece aeace, e ceceb

ea, ad e e a ac ad be ac f cage

beg egaed gee ae g f a afac .

Bae e a. (2007) ee aged ae e effecee f BP ee f e

SMS a BP fe U.S. efee ad cae afe ce. Te fdg ee

a cae afe ce ee ee defcece ce afe eade,

eee eee, ece ad g f ce afe caabe,

ca f ce afe aagee decag ad ce

afe ce. I ce afe aagee e defcece fd ee ce

aee ad aa, cace ea ce afe adad,

eea f eea be egeeg acce, ce afe edge ad

ceece ad e effecee f BP cae ce SMS. Cceg

eface eaa, cece ac ad cae eg a defcece

e aea f eag ce afe eface, cde ad ea

ega, ce afe ad, e cec f defed ce afe

defcece ad cae eg.

Cdeg e eee f BCM e eadg e cc f Bae e a. (2007)

e fg aec add e eae fdg. Te eg cae c

aee f accde, a ee gd b be d

bece f acee e ga e eade a dged a ffce b

Bae e a. We cdeg a ce SMS, Bae e a. ea a e e a a

e de ce a defed ad a defcece ee ecc

[/ ].

Mgfd (2005) f cca fac: f cae, affae e

a cede ad aca f edge ad , c f ad

ae g ad deg ad egeeg f e b d ac.

Fac affecg BCM, c accdg Mgfd (2005) ee ed, ad add

e eae fac ae a ee a a ER ab dd

e f a a f e a. T, gee ea ccaeed, a e ded e eaca aa dg a ae f e ee

c dcae a defce ad .

Sae e a. (2005) defe defcece eade, aaee, c f

ad ace cd. Defcece eade cde be d

ee a a ee accabe f ac ad a dffee g e

gaa dd caba b ae a eaae ee. Regadg

aaee, eeaed fae cee ac f a cde

ega ad a ac f aaee f ea ceece ee e a

cg. C f a cdced cace ega.Regadg ace cd, Sae e a. ea a be f c


43/151

31Leag f dceed cae

ee a be bed b e fac a ee e c

a adeae a f fc c.

Sae e a. (2005) add a ace cd a ae ed dffce f a

.

BP c aed gd g e ebe (Sea,

2005) ad e cca eda, b b aeg e e

(Red e a., 2005) ad b ccag a e ega e ee

(Cae & Ma, 2005). Te ebe a ad e c a f a ea

ega ae gee CEO Ld J Be e e e da

afe e e (Te e a., 2005) cee f a e

accde.

I e BP aa e ad acc (B Pee, 2005) e ee a BP Tea

C eed a eea cca ad aed a cde a Tea Cgee cae Ra eaed f e f $2 b caed

2004. Te $700 f faae ad ea ca, c BP a ad,

ee cded a. Ee g eaed e f BP ee a

$3 b, a age eg c f be e eae ea a BP f

ceaed f $17 $22 b f 2004 2005 ee ee cded.

Sce a eaed f $2 b a de dc ee a e

caac dce e eed gae eeee a ace [].

I add a ae aead bee dced a ee a e a

be f af ee ee aaabe c dcae a eag/edca ad bee ade e. Teg cd be de a

ec a a eeed. Sce e cae afe ce a defce

ee a ee a f e fac a c a cc.


I , ad ee

aded afac cae. Te fac a a ee ee aded aae

ae a bad cba. Cea ebe ad ea cca ae

bab ce ceced. W ceae eg ce cea e ad

e eg, e ea cca d bab befca. Ied ea ea a a e ea cca a

eae cec g f ee de e gaa ae gd ea

eac e. Iea ea ae ge e a e fce ad bee c

ece. T ae e a beee a ea cca cd ae

bee ed b ee cea ebe ad/ bee ea ea.

Hee, cea ebe d ae bee e babe acc

cae.

A a affec e b f a

ece e aea. Ae be a acee bee deec


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ae bee aac aa e. A bee aeace gae cae

d ae bee ace ae a dca ee fca.

a afac e accde. T cd ae bee aded

b a bee e f eae eed cde. A bee ee e a

be aceed b f ad e d a . A bee e d a e e be f gd f a

SMS a BCM gae. Gd cd a ae bee aceed b

cea ebe f ae dffee a f e gae. I ee

e a a a gd a e , ad

ae .

Te ac f a a ae bee ceced e ac f

ad a c a cc. If e aagee

defe e dffee a a eed be ed e

dbe cea ebe e gaa.

Bad cd be ed b bee ,b eca

ad a e gaa. B ee f aceabe, a ce

ad e dffc age cae e eae a ecfc e.

Regadg ER, e dd effece eacae a eee

cae. Te eaca aa d bab ae ade b a

ee ded de ac f . T a ae bee aded f a

f e ER ad bee efed e ee c ee ade.

A ac f afac g ee ade a befe e

accde dffc. T cd ae bee aded b g e g

ee.

Afe e accde e ad e a aded

e. Regadg , ce a BP age efe d be a

c aae a d f caac eeee.

I cae ee e a fac e g. Te ae cd be ad ab e

Ec cae eae. T a e eee f a f e fac

f a bg c ce ee ae eea fac a eac e cd aeeeed e ee.

Ag a cea ER cae, fac ab e ER a caed ee ed.

I cd, ad d, be a faae ead e ae a ae afe

e faa ee ad e ae ad a caed e dea.

4.3.3 E FEE ECA F FD EE E A

T cae f ee ce dffee eda aace. A a

bad ca e ae de eda adg. I a e eeg cce

egadg ce dffeece ad e e f e.


45/151

33Leag f dceed cae

CE

E, G. (2001), Fee e eca.

Gb, D. (2000), Fee faed eca, 1978 ad 2000: A bc ea

eaa.

Gb, D. (2001), T de ee : I defee fBdgee/Fee.

Nea, L. (2001), Le f Bdgee/Fee.

Regee, M. & La, J. (2005), : A

, 3

.

A AE AE

Bdgee (Jaa Pae Ca)/Fee (Aeca Ca)

Fd

A AEED AD ?Afe a ee f accde g SUV Fd Ee eed Fee e

eea a ce, Bdgee/Fee deeed ae e eace

e Fd Ee a cae e g ad. Tee ee e

ed a eca ad eacee f e Sad Aaba (Ag 1999), Maaa,

Taad (Feb 2000) ad Veeea (Ma 2000). Dg ed ca ad

aed ae USA ee accde a e e abad ad aed

cc. A e ee ee cec ade. Te accde ee ae ee

a aed ee b Fee ad Fd. We e US Naa Hga Taffc

Safe Ada (NHTSA) eed a ega egadg 90 ca,

Fd ad Fee ed a ed f e a ageed a Fee

Deca a I, USA, ad dced defce e. T ed a eca f 6.5

e Ag 2000. Ufae, f Fee ad Fd, dd e

e be ad ca ced ce NHTSA. N, e a 100

ea d aace beee e cae aed bea aa. Fd ced

ca a a e be, e Fee aged a cba f ce

e, ea ee ad e SUV deg be e be. T cac ed e bc

ad g a b cae, ag e bae gae, ee e

eeed adg ab a g bc afe. I e bae gae,

Bdgee, Fee ae ca Jaa, cae ad ad eaedAeca a ee a fa e e. T a eceed a e cec

ac Jaa, b a aecaed b e Aeca bc ad eda. Fd

CEO, Jac Nae, aaged e eda b eeg cce f Fd ce

b ae dd ae e ef a a Seae eag e e eca. B

Fd ad Fee ae ce ad f fe a a e f e ee. Lae a

ecc f e cae a ade a b Bdgee

CEO O ad Fd CEO Nae eged dg 20002001. (Regee & La,

2005)


46/151


A A AAGED E/?

Gb (2000) e a e eca ade b Fee 2000 a caed bad

becae f e fac a Fee dd f e eca caag e: Ac

c, e e , acce eca eb, bc afe aa cce,

ac a, d caega, aa ca/aace ad a ad acce

eca cede. A ea ae Gb (2001) ad eeed b

g a e fg e cd be eaed b Fee eca: Be aae

f eca aabe, Aeca eca ee aggee eda ea, e

U.S. eca ega e ee e cca, ace bc ea

ecea, ad eda ad bc dge ee eca f e acc ad

a ae f eece a aaabe.

We cdeg BCM e Fee cae, Gb (2001) ad

c dd ae ae ad ed caega. W e

a a ad be b e U.S. ega e.

F Gb (2000) e ac f ad , de e

ca beee Fee ad Fd, e adg f cae ca be added

ag a ee dead c eca ac f e ca deed

de ae defce dc c f eae E (2001) e a Fee

dd .

Nea (2001) ea a e fg e ca be eaed f Fee: D

a dea aac 100 bg de eee, ae d

be ad defede, aeg. Ee ca eed a e e a

ad deed g f eabe. Fee, eac a

affeced b be be caced a a be ad ee f

ege g eeded. Te ce c ad e

e, fac e cdea. Qc dec ag cca ad

ea e ce ad abe a a e ca be eced.

Cc egadg BCM f Nea (2001) ae a ae a gd

eg f Fee egadg /ce ee a de

eee bg ad eee a aag eabe. Ae

cg a ce adce gge e ace f

eg e , ee ege, e e fac ad fa

cca aede.

Te a f e f dffee a f e d e a ee Fd

Fee ad a ffce / . Pag e

bae gae ee be a bad a f cdcg ce e

ea ge aa fa. T a b

e e ca ad e bc.

Ee f ee cea aee fd a Fee e ab e eac

ab, e a a e ea f e ca defee

aac bab a adce f ae. Te adce a bab affeced b

edge f ab. Fee, E (2001) a Fd ad Fee


47/151

35Leag f dceed cae

cabaed degg e fag e c ae abe a e ca

d be afad f ab be. Ee f egad ab de

a g f e ca bgg ae e e ag ce c

e fac caed ab e.


Pag e bae gae ad dg fa ee a a ade

cae ccef. I a ade ffe. T

a e fa a aa bc . Sce Fd ad

Fee dced a afe cba f dc (E, 2001) d ae

bee bee, f eea ea b e bc ad e ae ca,

ad a a a bad cba.

Iee f / a ae bee de b eg

ee ebe f aea. Ae a e defca f a

be ae ee ebe f e ad

a be dffee a f e gaa ae eaed e a.

4.3.4 E ADA 8400CDE

T e ece dceed cae c eeca eeg a e

a d f ece ad ca dc.

CE

SAS e eeae ad e

Te Da Accde Iega Bad (HCL), .c.d. Sa, 2007, Ae gd ae ad ee e.

Maee, 2007, SAS dede eeede edf, ace Pe.d.

Haeg, 2005, 100 d effe aeg feag9.

Ae Id Ifa, 2001, SAS ceded f c aagee.

A AE AE

Scadaa Ae (SAS)

Bbade Ic

A AEED AD ?

O e 9 f Seebe, 2007, fg SK1209 f Ceage Aabg a

ed a accde a Aabg a. Te acaf ed a a Da 8 Q400

ee e defed be e a adg gea ad eaed a

ced eegec adg. Afe adg, e g a gea caed ad fe

aege ffeed g e dg eaca. (SAS e eeae, Seebe 9,

2007)

SAS ced ea a ceded e e Da Accde Iega

Bad (HCL) egaed e accde. Ag e accde a cdeed a

9Eg aa: 100 age effece c aagee cae.


48/151


aed ee, afe dc acaf aface Bbade, SAS decded

cec ee Q400 fee. Tee cec ee add ffca eee

ad d cece edae. T a ae e ce ad

eee a fg afe SAS f . (SAS e eeae Seebe 10,

2007)

Te e ebac cae ee da afe e f cde e ae SAS

Da 8 a ed a accde a V a, Laa. Te fg a

deed f Paaga b eeeced ecca dffce ad e ce deed e

acaf V. A aege ee eacaed ad e ee eed. SAS

decded gd e ee Da 8 Q400 fee fe ce.

Bbade deeed a ec gae ad eceded a a acaf

dde f e 10,000 adg gea cce e ee be gded

e ec a caed . (SAS e eeae, Seebe 12, 2007)

O e 13 f Seebe, HCL eeed a ea e egadg e fcde Aabg. Te ega fced e g a adg gea c

ad caed adg. We e eaed e eac/ee aca

, c a fd e ea ead. T ed a eaa f e

d ed f e c caed e adg gea cae (HCL,

2007a).

I ae e eeae (18f Seebe), SAS eed a a f e 27 Q400

acaf ee gded f adda ec accdace e

ae dece ed b Caada afe e 12 Seebe cde. SAS

eaced a f e adg gea a Q400, egade ee e fa adeeced . De e ccace, SAS a fced cace a be f

fg.

De e accde Aabg ad V, a ec Sc aed a

ega egadg c f ceag dage ae e. T a

a eed a e eeae (Seebe 19) b SAS. T ega a ae

eaed, Ma 2008, ad a c ceaed.

I e eeae ae Seebe ad ea Ocbe, SAS aced a e

Da 8 Q400 acaf ae dege g ec ad a eaceead d e affc. Se ec ad a eacee ee ece

e eed b e c aa ae ad acaf aface. SAS a

eed a e d cac Bbade egadg cea f e c

ad ce ced de e ed f c e acaf ee gded.

Te Da ae ee ccee ae bac affc Ocbe ad e ece

be e adg gea ad daeaed, a ea f a e. A f e

e cde ee eg, a d accde g a Da 8 Q400

cced e 27f Ocbe a Ceage a. T accde a a caed

b adg gea be. N e ee eed f e cde. B SASdecded a eg ad eed e ee Da 8 Q400 fee f ece


49/151

37Leag f dceed cae

eae. Cfdece e Q400 a ded cdeab ad

ce ae becg ceag dbf ab fg e f acaf.

Accdg, e Bad f Dec aa, I ae decded edae

ee Da 8 Q400 acaf f ece ad Ma Ja, SAS Pede ad

CEO. SAS a gae fa e ce egadg ebg ad efd

f caceed fg. Ac ade e eacee f e Q400 fee ee a

eeed SAS aede. (SAS e eeae, Ocbe 27, 28 & 29, 2007)

Te Da Accde Iega Bad eeaed ee ea e egadg

e a cde Ceage. I e d e (Nebe 3, 2007), e ae

a e accde a caed b a gag g bcg e fce e

ec ae. T eeed e a ee f e g a adg gea

(HCL, 2007b).

Bbade acced SAS f efg a aed dceed cede

e eacg a e g adg gea f e acaf a fe da ae aed e d cde (Maee, 2007). Te a a a cfged f

aa e e adg gea (HCL, 2007b). SAS ea, Be Tee,

aeed a SAS ae efg a eacee fg e

aa.

De e fdg b HCL, SAS eaced a eee Bbade ad eceed

cea f e Da acaf cde (SAS e eeae, Mac 10, 2008).

Te faca cea ed g e a SEK 1 b e

f f a ca ae ad ced f fe f ad a acaf de. SAS

Bad f Dec aed a de f 27 acaf a a f e ageee. Sa(2007) age a Bbade dec ceae SAS a a g cee

ad ga.

I e SAS G eaed e f 2007, e eaed a egae ac de

e Q400 accde f SEK 700 f c e a 70 % a caged e

f ae.

A A AAGED E/?

I cae, de ed dcea, a ad fd fa ab a

be f fac.

SAS ad e bee eed e ca a e La

a Ma, 2000. Afe dae SAS a ceded f e eff ad

gd CM . Te e fac a e ae e . Dg

e 2000 dae, e a a fed a ecaca c dcae a

e d f ad bee caed ad a e a a e

eeed [I]. Te SAS cee a Ceage a ee

c a acaf 24 a da c eabe , e.g. d e

cac be . SAS a a a ageee e aa ca, SOS aa ge

c SAS aagee ce e dec a bee ade acae ea. Fee, e ca a a eegec aaabe a eadae


50/151


Fda, Sede [C ] ad ded f e eeca

aed f eegec ee. (Haeg, 2005; Ae Id Ifa,

2001)

A a be b ecfca ece bee, cedb f ace

(Seff, 2005). I e Da 8 Q400 cae, cedb [E ] a aaedb e f SAS. Acaf ec ceced dec ad

fa a ccaed eda ad e bc a e ebe [E

]. Te fac a SAS G a Cae Cca

d dcae . a eeed b e

ea aee f SAS CEO, Ma Ja ad e bad f dec dac

dec gd e ee Q400 fee. Fee, e ffca aee a

fg afe SAS f e a SAS a a gd . De

e 2007 cde, SAS ad cace a be f fg. Ag e ae

caac cd be fd, a eg ee ce dead [].


Oea, f e a f e, SAS aaged e a e. Te e

g a b cd ae bee aaged dffee a e eacee f

a e g adg gea f e acaf ed e 3d cde. Te

fa fd ab ee eacee a e cec

aeace cede , a SAS aee a cage ae efed

fg e aa. Hee, e fac a SAS eaced a eee

Bbade ad eceed cea a Bbade de e bae

f e cde.

4.3.5 E BAC

T cae eeg ce a ec f d ead f

aea/ece d. I a a a aagee c.

CE

Te Acaed Pe (2006), 2 Fe E Eece Recee Redced

P Seece

Ba, N. (2003), I e: E c. e a., 3 B,

Ddd, R. (2003), Ree: Pe dea: Geed, Eg ad e dea f E

E Ca (2000), E A 2000

NY Te (2002), Tea Bad Ree Adee' Lcee

Oe, R. & Bee, A. (2001a), E' Cef Eece Q Afe O 6

M Jb

Oe, R. & Bee, A. (2001b), E cae: Te ee; E

C. fe age U.S. ca f bac

Zee, W. (2002), Te dead f E


51/151

39Leag f dceed cae

A AE AE

E Ca

A Adee

A AEED AD ?

Befe bac, E Ca a a age ca baed H, Tea,

USA. Te ca a eaed e eeg ae ad eee eceedg

$100 b a acced 2000 (E Ca, 2000). Te accg ee

e f e ea E d fe f bac Decebe 2001 ad e

ea cae be ed a a eae f fad f ea ce (Ba,

2003).

O e 14f Ag, 2001, Jeffe Sg, E CEO, aced ega

f e de ea ea (Oe & Bee, 2001a). Sg ad

bee e f ad d be e begg f e ed

f E, c afe a ea a fa fed f bac Decebe 2

(Oe & Bee, 2001b). Oe ceece f e bac a a A

Adee, a a e e f fe age adg f, eed E

e adg cee Tea a a e f e c. T becae e ad

ced e a E ad aded e face (NY Te, 2002).

E ad ade a ee f ecae ee (SPE) ad aggee accg

acce c ade e f face bee a e ee. S dffee

ece ee ed c eed a deb e aa e f

2000 a $10.2 b ead f e aca $22.1 b. (Ba, 2003)

A A AAGED E/?

Ne Ba egaed bac fd ee ee ee e

ee eb f e e f SPE ce ad fed a e

2003. A Ba (2003) eaae E e ae a cc a E, a

ee deced ae, aed e be b bg e aga

e ee ad g a SPE aac () dge bga

ea e a bed, () e e ceed a ca f f eag

ace ad, e cae, a eee, ad () de e dece ae a

ae eca ee f. Te cc f Ba e ae ffce f E ad eb f e ca eace f e SPE

ce ad a cea faca ad edge f e gf

cdc f ee ffce ad aca ee aed e ffce cdcg e SPE

aac.

Zee (2002) ea a e a ea f e E bac a a

f geed ad dece c eed e gaa. Ddd (2003)

decbe e dee f e f a a e f beg abe ceae a cea

deae ae badd, e eaaga a eece, c

ad beef ad e eece aca SPE. Tee dabe cd be f e cae ce c Zee (2002) efe .


52/151


Cae ce ca be feced f e d ad Ba (2003) cae

e cc a eea aagee ebe, ad f cea faca

, ee deceg e bc ad e a. T a ed eea a

c eed a be f cc f aagee ebe (NY Te,

2006).

A cae a e f decee aagee (Zee, 2002) ea

aa fa ab e ca. I de ee a aagee a b ef

e e ca de a age ca bac. T ca b a a

eca c cde eea ee, a ea aagee

ebe, cd be ecea ba effece BCM. O e e ad,

e be baed f aagee eeed ee f d.

Fee, e E cae, A Adee a a eea ad c dd

e c f ccg. A ac f ae ea

ae acee be c ad. T, eea fce, c a

ega, ae ef a be ea.

I cg fad, cdg aeg cae e, E a dd

eece gd a e dd a e e. If e

accg d ae bee de cec e aa f e ca cd

ae efeced e begg f gg deb fag c ce c eae

c cd ae aeed e ae. Te dece f gg deb ed a

a ac f f e be. T ade dffc ade

e effec ce e ee a ae. A d bab ae

ge e ca a bee cace aage e dffce.


Te dffc cage e f e

cage cae ce ee. T ae a e fcg

eca a dffc e aagee a de aac

accg c. Oe e f cae a f a ca eeed

effece BCM, d be e aca ae. W e f

, aae aa e, e ae ca ae a

f a be ad ae be f aagee ae a

cae aagee d ae eed eg. T ca bedffc a ce a e c ae a a ae b cd a

be a a e BCM.

4.3.6 A FACE FG AF4590

T cae f ee ce cce e ae d a SAS Da ae cde

b dffe e fac a ee ee a faae cae. I , a SAS, e

ece be.


53/151


54/151


f e babe cae eeed. Tee cae ee g eed aage e a

a f ae aae, e daage fced b e a a fe a

c ead fe eaage ad e g f fe b a eecc ac. Ee g e

cae d ee be eeca eaa aeace eaed ee a

ee cd be ade aea.

Te b A Face ed a e ea e b

gdg a Ccd ad b g fa e ebe cac

fa ad cdece. Te c e eeae dg e fg

da fe a gd a ade b A Face. Te

ea e ae a ee ae e a ee. I a be

a e bacgd f A Face c ece ae ae, e B

Aa ecace gd ae a ae ade e ece ge (Hee,

2000).

Ee f e gdg f e ee Ccde fee a a ac e cae d be ed a B Aa ad ee ae (Te Gada,

2000) ad A Face fe (Hae, 2000) a e e. Te age eee f b

cae cae f bc aae ad ee cae eace e Ccd.

T e a A Face, ag B Aa, ad c

eabed e ce e aa ece.


A ee ae e gaaa dec e e f BEA (2001), ee ae

dffce dag a cc ab fac ee aaged e

accde. Sce e aagee afe e ee a gd, ee eed

aage e fac dffee.

4.3.7 CBA AA

De ed dcea, cae gae fece . S,

e a d e ee e fa fd.

CE

Baea & Cg, 2006, Dec W Bde

FSA, 2004, Receda Baed e Iec Re f T Bacf Cba, N.A.

Te Ec, 2004, Saaa; Cba Jaa

A AE AE

Cba Jaa

Te Faca Sece Agec (FSA)

A AEED AD

I fa a a ee ae a ge aea e bag be da. S a

e cae Jaa befe 1998. Ta ea e Faca Sece Agec (FSA) aceaed ad de ec f Jaa 19 a ba. FSA e a cea


55/151

43Leag f dceed cae

eage b eg e cee f e T bac f Ced Se F B

1999. Ma fe ge aea bag ee acceabe, c a c

eg faca dc ac cae . Cba ee, ced c

eg c eaed a ce aeg f e ca. (Baea & Cg, 2006)

I 2000, Dece Ba T ece a eded f b eFSA f cceag e. Te ad d ece deged ccea e e

f cae ce. T a e f a a e eed aga ba.

(Baea & Cg, 2006)

I 2001, Cba a fced b e FSA e a ad ffeed dc

ab 40 cae c e e afe b e ece dg ad

feg ecage e ae ed. I a e eeae Seebe 14, 2004, e

FSA ee fac fd baed e ec f e T bac f Cba.

Te fd a Cba ee ag eeea f a eadg aee

aea ae cec e adg f ae acee f ece.Te a aded ae acee a a cd f gag ced (FSA, 2004; Te

Ec, 2004).

De ee fdg, FSA eed e cee f Cba f ae bag

ffce. Te ea a a daaged b FSA caed e ba ad

ceaed ce b g ecee g ag faca dc.

(Baea & Cg, 2006; FSA, 2004)

A A AAGED E/

F e fa fd ab cae be a a e cae a aaged a a. N fa a bee fd egadg Cba ac

eed e a.

Baea & Cg (2006) a ee g eea e ee

eed aga e ba, Cba ged fac ad ced eabe

be. T ca be ee a a ac f .

F fa ad da a cc ad eefe fe

ega be caed f cae.


Te fac fd cae a a Cba ged e cea ga e

f FSA a ge aea bag ge a acceed. Mabe e d

ae e cee f Cba ad e ad caged e acc.

4.3.8 CCACA DAA DAA

T cae f ee ce a daa f a dc, a Fee, b

ae ae (fd). CcaCa a ece ad ae dc eca

Beg (1999) c ae eeg ee f a gae e a bee b

aage e a.


56/151


CE

L, T. (2007), T fe be dae O c f e UK'

cae ad cc

Regee, M. & La, J. (2005), : A

, 3

.

A AE AE

CcaCa Daa

Te UK Fd Sadad Agec (FSA)

A AEED AD

Te dc, Daa, a b 2004 dced 20 ae de Ee. I

Feba 2004 CcaCa aced e Eea caag b dcg e

Daa dc e UK. Te fed ae a a e d f dc e B

ea ae ae ce a aed f a g b ae a aec g cea efee, cdg add f ea f ae, ee d

be. T a CcaCa e be ce e eeac ed a

e a fac Ba d be e ae e cg bed

ae. Hee, e fac a e ae a a ae a eg a e

ae d eee. A ffca ca ade b e Naa Mea Wae

Aca aed a ee f ace c ade bec e bc.

We e fed ae e a egaed b e UK Fd Sadad Agec

(FSA) a fd ae a g ee f bae, a a e f e fg

ce. Te ee a ge a e aed e UK e e a e

ee aed e e f Ee. Afe e FSA ae, CcaCa decded bg

e Icde Maagee C Re Tea, c a fed cec

e 1999 Beg daa, ade e cae. A a daa f e

dc a deed ae Mac afe fe ee e ee. (Regee &

La, 2005)

A A AAGED E/?

Acg c e b ag e ae ad eeae

e de f e , CcaCa ade e cde aed e dc e UK.

Te c daa ad ee cca [ ] ade

be a e UK. Te c ee a a deede e fac a

CcaCa ad a g ad e cc e e

a. Ee f L (2007) a cde a e f e fe be

dae e UK, e dec da e dc f e UK ae a be

cdeed cec f e ae ae cded e eece.

Te aagee befe e dc ad eea fa g. Te ,

f a, ca be ee a eee eg a CcaCa dd feee e be

f dcg a dc c a ce a ae ad e e g

ag. I be a CcaCa ade a aa egadg ce


57/151

45Leag f dceed cae

ac b ed e be. A, e a defce a

CcaCa dd cae e dc ea adad befe eg .


T cae ad da cc f ce a dffc fd eea ce

egadg e aagee.

CcaCa cd ae de a bee b cdg a ca

ea adad. If ace defca ad aa ad bee de

cd ae eeed e e a.

4.4 E F E DCEED CAE

Te fac c ae bee fd gfca affec BCM a f e

dceed cae ae ed Tabe 3 be. Fg e fac ae e cae

c ed e fac. 3. C .

C Na/Ec, BP, SAS, E

Na/Ec, BP, SAS, E

Na/Ec, Fee, SAS, A Face

Na/Ec, BP

Na/Ec, BP, SAS, EA Na/Ec

A Na/Ec, BP, Cba

BC Na/Ec

Na/Ec, Fee, CcaCa

Na/Ec, BP, Fee, CcaCa

Na/Ec, Fee

Na/Ec, SAS

BP, SASC Na/Ec, BP, SAS

SAS

BP, E

C

B

A BP

BP


58/151


Na/Ec, BP, Fee, SAS, E, A

Face, CcaCa

Na/Ec, BP, Fee

Na/Ec, BP, Fee, SAS, E, A

Face, CcaCa

C Na/Ec, SAS

D Na/Ec

C SAS

D

D

Na/Ec, BP, SAS, A Face

D

Fac fd af e f e dceed cae be ge ea . If

a fac a ed e a af f e cae, e fac a be a f

cea ee b abe f e eaede f a c a. T

ae e a f BCM b a a a e fac c ae bee fd

e cae.

De e ac f a fa egadg e cae, e fac c ae bee fd a a a e a f e cae b ae e

eae a be f gfcace f e ce f a c.

I b e Abee ad BP cae a fac cbed e ce

eea eea fac eac cd ae eeed e ce. T e a

e a f fac eed be afac ee a a c f

deeg.


59/151

47Te BCM Eaa Mde

5 E BCEAA DE

.

Te a bece f e . Te de a

deeed f ce: e e ad e dceed cae. T cae

decbe e deee f e e, a e e f e dceed cae,

e fa eaa de ad a e de.

5.1 DEEG E EA DE

T f e ea de, fac ee eeed f e e ad e

faed eaed eac fac.

5.1.1 FAC EEED F E E

Te fac eeed f e e ee fac c ee fd e cae

ad/ ad e a e ce e eae. Tee fac ae fd Tabe

4. Te fac eed ee: deadg e gaa, ab, cae

c aee, be ece bece, ee ce, dead eg,

debefg, age, daabae c ad edge.

4. .

BC Cae ce, Maagee , Eea ea,

Iea ea, Qc deec, Adaab, Acceace

D BC BCM Pgae, R defca, R aa, Hc e,

Pa, Ieea, Cea ebe, Tag ad

edca, Teg, Ree

Ae e, Ree cede, Eaca cede,

Eegec ee ee

C

Qc ee, Iea cca, Eea cca,

CM Tea, Dec ag, C ea cee

B

Reddac

Seea f e eed fac a ae bee ed de e fac a e ae

e f be decbed dg a c. Tee fac a e be

c aagee (BCM) b e ea ae e fe e

de a e, accdg e de, d ca e ae ace a e

e fac. T ad e de f becg eee ad e cg,

e e dea f a aec f BCM.

10Cg, 2004, . 43.


60/151


We dg e eae, e a f eegec ee (ER), c

aagee (CM) ad be ece (BR) ee eged e fac. Te

ae a de eea, cea ebe, ag ad edca,

eg ad ee. I Te BCM Eaa Mde, a ee eac f e ee

aea ER, CM ad BR e e e fac ee gee ac a

eed eea, cea ebe, ag ad edca, eg ad

ee. T ae e fac e a f e ce f Te BCM

Eaa Mde. Te a a ac c ee e eff

fc eed be ge e eg e de.

Te fac , , ,

, , ad , c ee

fd af e f e cae, ae cdeed e a a e e

ad eefe ecee e eaed eac f ee fac. Te a

a ec f ee e a bece ER ad eefe,

ee a a a fac. T fac dd ge e

a a f e cae ce ee ee fe cae c gae

ER.

5.1.2 FA F E

Qe eaed a f e eeed fac (Tabe 4) ee faed. Seea

e ce e a e fac. I e cae, e fac cceed a be

ce aaced. T ae , e a , ecea add e

e f eac fac ce e de d be eee.

Te e Te BCM Eaa Mde ae f e e. Tee a

e b ae acabe (N/A) ce a e a be

acabe a cae. Te ea ce e e a

eae e cace f ea dge fecg e e a f e e

d be f e e; eaae ab a cae f 1 5.

We e e ee ceaed, e ee f e e ee cdeed

eac fac a e e efec e ee. T a de ae e

e ceebe ce a fac ee g be de ad

ecfca. Te e beg f e e e fe

ceae e cee.

Rea (1997) ea a a cde eg e e a a f e

afe ce ad eefe, e f e e eaed cae ce a

decded e a cde eg e.

Regadg e cafca f c fac a e affec, e a ged

e fac c ee eaed b e e. Ma e ca

be eaed a be f fac ce a fac ae ce ceced eac

e. T ae e eae e eee a f ee fac d ecee

e e ece f a fac. O e e ad a a


61/151

49Te BCM Eaa Mde

a fac e ae e ce a d ae e e

eee.

Se e ae f a e ee eea aec ae cdeed e ae

e. T becae a fac d ae a e e

a e e e e a e fac.

Te e ee gaed eac f e fe caege (dec BCM, ER, CM,

BR ad dec BCM). Seaa ade be abe ee e f e

e, b a f eac eece a f BCM. T ae be ee

c aea ee ae eeded.

T caf ee ad ea e e de ag g

g e, a fa eafe a gee ac a a gde e

cdcg Te BCM Eaa Mde.

5.1.3 FED F ACA

Sce e de acabe f ca, a BCM aec a e f

bee a be egaed g de. T ea a ee a

a ce ee a be aec c ca be ed. Ee f e

aec ae bee ed, e a a e de ge a dca

f e ee f BCM e gaa.

Te ea a aec f eac fac ae cded Te BCM Eaa

Mde a becae ae e de eee a

e. If e de ecg bab be ed. Aeea f e de cde a aec e e fac c dd a

e a ce e ee BCM c.

5.2 DE ADA

Te de a adaed age. Te f a a ca ada ee e

de a fed e e ecd a a ee ada ee ee gae

e e de.

5.2.1 CA ADA

W ad 6000 eee e a 30 ce, Cad a a de f

da d ad gc e, e f ae eae, ce

ee f e ad ae d ad gaage d.

A e e f g, Cad degg a BCM ce gee Ma AB.

Teefe, e de a eed Cad ce a a f e gaa ae

bee g e BCM ce e. T ae be e e de

dffee affae c d ge dffee e.

I Cad, Te BCM Eaa Mde a e dffee affae e

gaa. Te f affae dce ad e gaage d. Te ecd e

da d ad dcg . Te d dce ad e eag dece f


62/151


e ad ae d. Te f dce gaage d. B e ff ad

e e f ae ad ee e. Te affae ee cdeed

ae ag ee f BCM e gaa. T d ge e c

ca ee Te BCM Eaa Mde aca eae e ee f BCM.

Te aa, f e ee f BCM eac affae, a de b Ma Hedbeg,

R Maage a Cad. Hedbeg eeced gd e f affae 1, dece

e f affae 3 ad 4 ad e gd e f e e.

A f e affae eed e de. Te fed f f ada ae

fd aed E. Te e f eac eece caeg a eac eece

affae ca be fd Tabe 5. Te e ee g a a eeced c

a e bece eaae a ca ee f BCM aceed. Te fac

a a affae eed e de e a e de e fed.

Ne: Te dffeece a ad ce beee e affae

de e be f e aeed acabe.

5. .

.

D BC 5 (7) 4 (6) 5 (7) 5(7) 7 (7) 5 (7) 11 (41)

5 (9) 3 (9) 5 (9) 9(9) 7 (9) 9 (9) 20 (54)

C 6 (10) 7 (11) 3 (11) 11(11) 11 (11) 7 (11) 45 (55)

B 5 (5) 2 (6) 4 (6) 6(6) 6 (6) 6 (6) 7 (35)

BC 5 (5) 1 (7) 4 (8) 0(8) 3 (7) 4 (8) 9 (43)

14 (38) 5 (39) 15 (41) 31(41) 14 (40) 13 (41) 34 (240)

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Kee Mge, G R & Iace Maage, Seca.

Lea Ed, Vce Pede, G Iace & R Maagee

S, AB Eec.

Mag Beg, G HSE

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