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DDC-SVC-MAN-0207
EuroV MBE 900 Operators Manual
Specifications are subject to change without notice. Detroit
Diesel Corporation is registered to ISO 9001:2001.Copyright ©
Detroit Diesel Corporation. All rights reserved. Detroit Diesel
Corporation is a Daimler company.Printed in U.S.A.
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Table of Contents
1
Forward....................................................................................................................................................................................
41.1
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................
41.2 Non-Genuine and Rebuilt Component Quality
Alert......................................................................................................
41.3 Personnel
Requirements..................................................................................................................................................
41.4 Engine Conversions and
Modifications..........................................................................................................................
41.5 Acronyms and
Abbreviations..........................................................................................................................................
4
2 To the
Operator.......................................................................................................................................................................
62.1 To the
Operator................................................................................................................................................................
6
3 Caution
Summary...................................................................................................................................................................
73.1 Caution
Summary............................................................................................................................................................
7
4 First Time Start
Preparations..............................................................................................................................................
134.1 System
Checks..............................................................................................................................................................
134.2 Starting the
Engine........................................................................................................................................................
154.3 Cold Weather
Operation................................................................................................................................................
16
5 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System
Operation.........................................................................................................
175.1 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System
Operation....................................................................................................
17
6 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System
Features............................................................................................................
196.1 Changing the Idle
Speed...............................................................................................................................................
196.2 Stop Engine Override
Option........................................................................................................................................
196.3 Engine
Protection..........................................................................................................................................................
19
7 Engine
Systems......................................................................................................................................................................
207.1 Engine
Systems.............................................................................................................................................................
20
8 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment
System.............................................................................................................................
218.1 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment
System.......................................................................................................................
21
9 Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Information........................................................................................................................................
229.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Information.................................................................................................................................
22
10 Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Tank..................................................................................................................................................
2310.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Tank..........................................................................................................................................
23
11 Aftertreatment
Maintenance..............................................................................................................................................
2412 Instrument Panel
Lamps....................................................................................................................................................
2513 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning
Lamps.....................................................................................................................
27
13.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning
Lamps...............................................................................................................
2714
Maintenance.........................................................................................................................................................................
28
14.1 MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4)
and 93K218(CJ-4)............................................ 2814.2
Scheduled
Intervals.....................................................................................................................................................
2914.3 Schedule
Use...............................................................................................................................................................
3014.4 Required Maintenance
Operations..............................................................................................................................
3014.5 Fuel Prefilter Element
Cleaning..................................................................................................................................
3414.6 Main Fuel Filter Element
Changing............................................................................................................................
3614.7 Engine Oil and Filter
Changing..................................................................................................................................
3714.8 Coolant Concentration
Checking................................................................................................................................
4114.9 Coolant Flushing and
Changing..................................................................................................................................
4214.10 Cooling System
Inspecting........................................................................................................................................
43
15 How to
Procedures...............................................................................................................................................................
4515.1 How to Select Lubricating
Oil....................................................................................................................................
4515.2 How to Replace the Lubricating Oil and Oil
Filter.....................................................................................................
4515.3 How to Select Diesel
Fuel...........................................................................................................................................
4815.4 Engine Out of Fuel – How to
Restart..........................................................................................................................
4915.5 How to Clean an
Engine..............................................................................................................................................
5015.6 Cleaning/Flushing the Cooling
System.......................................................................................................................
5115.7 Coolant Selections and
Maintenance..........................................................................................................................
5115.8 Coolant Fill
Options....................................................................................................................................................
5215.9 Coolant Do's and
Don'ts..............................................................................................................................................
5315.10
Maintenance..............................................................................................................................................................
54
Table of Contents
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15.11 Appendix A -
Definitions..........................................................................................................................................
5615.12 Appendix B - General Coolant
Information..............................................................................................................
5715.13 Appendix C - Detroit™ Cooling System Maintenance
Products..............................................................................
5915.14 Checking the
Hoses...................................................................................................................................................
6015.15 How to Service the Dry Type Air
Cleaner................................................................................................................
61
16 Detroit Genuine Coolanat Engine
Products......................................................................................................................
6216.1 Detroit Genuine Coolant Engine
Products..................................................................................................................
62
17 Engine Oil
Capacities..........................................................................................................................................................
6417.1 Engine Oil Capacities -
EuroV....................................................................................................................................
64
EuroV MBE 900 Operators Manual
All information subject to change without notice.
3DDC-SVC-MAN-0207 Copyright © 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
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1 Forward
1.1 IntroductionThis manual is intended for use by the operator
of a Detroit™ engine used in On-Highway Vehicle applications.
1.2 Non-Genuine and Rebuilt Component Quality AlertMaintenance
procedures must be followed in order to continue satisfactory
engine performance and durability and to ensureengine coverage
under the manufacturer's warranty. Many of these maintenance
procedures ensure that the engine complieswith applicable emissions
standards. Proper maintenance procedures, using specific components
engineered to comply withemissions regulations, may be performed by
an authorized Detroit™ distributor or dealer, an independent outlet
or theoperator / owner. The owner is responsible for determining
the suitability of components to maintain emissions
complianceduring the engine's useful emission life.
Detroit™ cautions that the indiscriminate rebuilding of
precision components, without the benefit of
specifications,specialized equipment, and knowledge of the
electronic operating system, will jeopardize performance or lead to
moreserious problems, and can take the engine outside of emissions
standards.
There are several other components in an engine, such as
turbocharger, that are specifically designed and manufactured
toexacting standards for emissions compliance. It is important that
these components, if replaced, modified or substituted, canbe
verified to ensure that the engine remains in compliance with
emissions standards. The use of inadequately
engineered,manufactured or tested components in repair or rebuild
of the engine may be in violation of emissions standards
regulations.
Furthermore, modern engines exhibit operating parameters which
require the use of proper fluids, such as fuel, coolant
andlubricating oil, to maintain long engine life. The use of fluids
that do not meet Detroit™ specifications may result inpremature
wear or engine failure.
1.3 Personnel RequirementsWork on the engine should be carried
out only by skilled technicians who have been instructed in the
specific skills necessaryfor the type of work being performed.
1.4 Engine Conversions and ModificationsThe function and safety
of the engine could be affected if unauthorized modifications are
made to it. Detroit™ will not acceptresponsibility for any
resulting damage.
Tampering with the fuel injection system and engine electronics
could also affect engine power output or exhaust emissionlevels.
Compliance with the manufacturer's settings and with statutory
environmental protection regulations cannot then beguaranteed.
1.5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Table 1.Acronyms and Abbreviations
ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid m Meter
CAC Charge Air Cooler MCM Motor Control Module
CAN Controller Area Network MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp
CARB California Air Resources Board mpg Miles per Gallon
1 Forward
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
CEL Check Engine Light mph Miles per Hour
CPC Common Powertrain Controller NOAT Nitrited Organic Acid
Technology
DDC Detroit Diesel Corporation NOx Nitrogen Oxide
DDEC Detroit Diesel Electronic Controls OAT Organic Acid
Technology
DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code OBD On Board Diagnostic
ECM Electronic Control Module OEM Original Equipment
Manufacturer
ECT Engine Coolant Temperature oz Ounce
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation psi Pounds per Square Inch
ELC Extended Life Coolant PTO Power Takeoff
EPA Environmental Protection Agency qt Quart
FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration rpm
Revolutions per Minute
GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating SAE Society of Automotive
Engineers
GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating SCA Supplemental Coolant
Additive
HEST High Exhaust System Temperature SCR Selective Catalyst
Reduction
in. Inch SEL Stop Engine Light
inH2O Inches of Water SEO Stop Engine Override
inHg Inches of Mercury S/N Serial Number
ISO International Organization for Standardization SRS
Synchronous Reference Sensor
k Kilo (1000) SRT Standard Repair Time
kg Kilogram TCM Transmission Control Module
km Kilometer TDC Top Dead Center
km/h Kilometers per Hour TPS Throttle Position Sensor
kPa Kilopascal TRS Timing Reference Sensor
kW Kilowatt VIN Vehicle Identification Number
L Liter VSG Variable Speed Governor
lb Pound VSS Variable Speed Sensor
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2 To the Operator
2.1 To the OperatorThis manual contains instructions on the safe
operation and preventive maintenance of your Detroit™ engine used
in vehicleapplications. Maintenance instructions cover routine
engine services such as lubricating oil and filter changes in
enoughdetail to permit self-servicing, if desired.
The operator should become familiar with the contents of this
manual before operating the engine or carrying outmaintenance
procedures.
Power-driven equipment is only as safe as the person operating
the controls. You are urged, as the operator of this dieselengine,
to keep fingers and clothing away from the revolving belts, drive
shafts, and pulleys on the engine installation.
Throughout this manual CAUTIONS and WARNINGS regarding personal
safety and NOTICES regarding engineperformance or service life will
appear. To avoid personal injury and ensure long engine service
life, always heed theseinstructions.
Whenever possible, it will benefit you to rely on an authorized
Detroit™ service outlet for all your service needs frommaintenance
to major parts replacement. Authorized service outlets worldwide
stock factory-original parts.
The information and specifications in this publication are based
on the information in effect at the time of approval forprinting.
Contact an authorized Detroit™ service outlet for information on
the latest revision. The right is reserved to makechanges at any
time without obligation.
Detroit™ engines are built in accordance with sound
technological principles and based on state-of-the-art
technology.
Despite this, the engine may constitute a risk of damage to
property or injury to persons if it is not used for its
intendedpurpose.
The engine should not be modified or converted in an incorrect
manner or the safety instructions included in this
manualdisregarded.
Keep this Operator Manual with the engine installation at all
times. It contains important operating, maintenance,and safety
instructions.
NOTICE: Failure to maintain the cooling system at required
concentrations will result in severe damage tothe engine cooling
system and related components. Refer to the "Coolant Selections and
Maintenance"section.
Table 2.WARRANTY
The applicable engine warranty is contained in the booklet
“Warranty Information for Detroit™ Engines,” available from
authorized Detroit™service outlets.
Trademark Information
DDC®, Detroit™, DDEC®, Optimized Idle®, Diagnostic Link®,
BlueTec®, POWER Trac®, POWER COOL®, andPOWER GUARD® are registered
trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation. All other trademarks used
are the property oftheir respective owners.
2 To the Operator
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3 Caution Summary
3.1 Caution SummaryThe following cautions must be observed by
the operator of the vehicle or equipment in which this engine is
installed and/orby those performing basic engine preventive
maintenance. Failure to read and heed these cautions and exercise
reasonablecare for personal safety and the safety of others when
operating the vehicle/equipment or performing basic engine
preventivemaintenance may result in personal injury and engine
and/or vehicle/equipment damage.
Engine Operation
Observe the following cautions when operating the engine.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from loss of vehicle/vessel control, the
operator of a DDEC equipped engine mustnot use or read any
diagnostic tool while the vehicle/vessel is moving.
WARNING: HOT EXHAUST
During parked regeneration the exhaust gases will be extremely
HOT and could cause a fire ifdirected at combustible materials. The
vehicle must be parked outside.
CAUTION: LOSS OF VEHICLE CONTROL
To avoid injury from the loss of vehicle control, do not use
cruise control under these conditions:
• When it is not possible to keep the vehicle at a constant
speed (on winding roads, in heavytraffic, in traffic that varies in
speed, etc.).
• On slippery roads (wet pavement, ice-or snow-covered roads,
loose gravel, etc.).
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to
the State of California to causecancer, birth defects, and other
reproductive harm.
• Always start and operate an engine in a well ventilated area.•
If operating an engine in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.• Do not modify or tamper with the exhaust system or
emission control system.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from engine shutdown in an unsafe situation,
ensure the operator knows how tooverride the stop engine condition
on a DDEC-equipped unit.
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CAUTION: LOSS OF VEHICLE CONTROL
To avoid injury from loss of vehicle control, do not activate
the Engine Brake system under thefollowing conditions:
• On wet or slippery pavement, unless the vehicle is equipped
with ABS (anti-lock braking system)and you have had prior
experience driving under these conditions.
• When driving without a trailer (bobtailing) or pulling an
empty trailer.• If the tractor drive wheels begin to lock or there
is fishtail motion after the Engine Brake is
activated, deactivate the brake system immediately if this
occurs.
WARNING: BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion, do not use ether or starting
fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater.
Preventive Maintenance
Observe the following cautions when performing preventive
maintenance.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury when working near or on an operating engine,
remove loose items of clothing andjewelry. Tie back or contain long
hair that could be caught in any moving part causing injury.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury when working on or near an operating engine,
wear protective clothing, eyeprotection, and hearing
protection.
WARNING: HOT OIL
To avoid injury from hot oil, do not operate the engine with the
rocker cover(s) removed.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire, contain and eliminate leaks of
flammable fluids as they occur. Failure toeliminate leaks could
result in fire.
CAUTION: USED ENGINE OIL
To avoid injury to skin from contact with the contaminants in
used engine oil, wear protectivegloves and apron.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury when using caustic cleaning agents, follow the
chemical manufacturers usage,disposal, and safety instructions.
3 Caution Summary
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WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from hot surfaces, wear protective gloves, or
allow engine to cool before removingany component.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury, use care when working around moving belts and
rotating parts on the engine.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from combustion of heated lubricating-oil
vapors, stop the engine immediately if anoil leak is detected.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from contact with rotating parts when an engine
is operating with the air inlet pipingremoved, install an air inlet
screen shield over the turbocharger air inlet. The shield
preventscontact with rotating parts.
WARNING: HOT COOLANT
To avoid scalding from the expulsion of hot coolant, never
remove the cooling system pressure capwhile the engine is at
operating temperature. Wear adequate protective clothing (face
shield,rubber gloves, apron, and boots). Remove the cap slowly to
relieve pressure.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire, do not smoke or allow open flames
when working on an operating engine.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire from a buildup of volatile vapors,
keep the engine area well ventilatedduring operation.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from rotating belts and fans, do not remove and
discard safety guards.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from slipping and falling, immediately clean up
any spilled liquids.
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Compressed Air
Observe the following cautions when using compressed air.
WARNING: EYE INJURY
To avoid injury from flying debris when using compressed air,
wear adequate eye protection (faceshield or safety goggles) and do
not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air pressure.
Cooling System
Observe the following cautions when servicing the cooling
system.
WARNING: HOT COOLANT
To avoid scalding from the expulsion of hot coolant, never
remove the cooling system pressure capwhile the engine is at
operating temperature. Wear adequate protective clothing (face
shield,rubber gloves, apron, and boots). Remove the cap slowly to
relieve pressure.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from slipping and falling, immediately clean up
any spilled liquids.
Electrical System
Observe the following cautions when jump starting an engine,
charging a battery, or working with the
vehicle/applicationelectrical system.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK
To avoid injury from electrical shock, do not touch battery
terminals, alternator terminals, or wiringcables while the engine
is operating.
WARNING: Battery Explosion and Acid Burn
To avoid injury from battery explosion or contact with battery
acid, work in a well ventilated area,wear protective clothing, and
avoid sparks or flames near the battery. If you come in contact
withbattery acid:
• Flush your skin with water.• Apply baking soda or lime to help
neutralize the acid.• Flush your eyes with water.• Get medical
attention immediately.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from accidental engine startup while servicing
the engine, disconnect/disable thestarting system.
Air Intake System
Observe the following cautions when working on the air intake
system.
3 Caution Summary
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WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from hot surfaces, wear protective gloves, or
allow engine to cool before removingany component.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from contact with rotating parts when an engine
is operating with the air inlet pipingremoved, install an air inlet
screen shield over the turbocharger air inlet. The shield
preventscontact with rotating parts.
Lubricating Oil and Filters
Observe the following cautions when replacing the engine
lubricating oil and filter.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from slipping and falling, immediately clean up
any spilled liquids.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from combustion of heated lubricating-oil
vapors, stop the engine immediately if anoil leak is detected.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire, do not smoke or allow open flames
when working on an operating engine.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire from a buildup of volatile vapors,
keep the engine area well ventilatedduring operation.
Fuel System
Observe the following cautions when fueling the vehicle or
working with the fuel system.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire, keep all potential ignition sources
away from diesel fuel, including openflames, sparks, and electrical
resistance heating elements. Do not smoke when refueling.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To prevent the escape of high pressure fuel that can penetrate
skin, ensure the engine has beenshut down for a minimum of 10
minutes before servicing any component within the high
pressurecircuit. Residual high fuel pressure may be present within
the circuit.
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11DDC-SVC-MAN-0207 Copyright © 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
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WARNING: FIRE
To avoid increased risk of a fuel fire, do not mix gasoline and
diesel fuel.
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire caused by heated diesel-fuel
vapors:
• Keep those people who are not directly involved in servicing
away from the engine.• Stop the engine immediately if a fuel leak
is detected.• Do not smoke or allow open flames when working on an
operating engine.• Wear adequate protective clothing (face shield,
insulated gloves and apron, etc.).• To prevent a buildup of
potentially volatile vapors, keep the engine area well ventilated
during
operation.
Aftertreatment System
Observe the following cautions when servicing the Aftertreatment
System (ATS). Be advised that these two labels areattached to the
Aftertreatment Device (ATD).
3 Caution Summary
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4 First Time Start Preparations
4.1 System ChecksPerform the following system checks before
starting.
4.1.1 Checking the Cooling SystemCheck the cooling system as
follows:
1. Make sure all drain cocks in the cooling system are installed
(drain cocks are often removed for shipping) and areclosed
tightly.
2. Fill the coolant overflow surge tank with Detroit™ Genuine
Coolant until coolant level stays between the low and fullcoolant
marks on the tank.
3. Entrapped air must be purged after filling the cooling
system. To do this, allow the engine to warm up with thepressure
cap removed. With the transmission in neutral, increase engine
speed to 1000 rpm and add coolant to thesurge tank as required.
4. Check to make sure the front of the radiator and charge air
cooler (if equipped) are unblocked and free of debris.
4.1.2 Checking and Monitoring the Oil LevelCheck the oil level
as follows:
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from slipping and falling, immediately clean up
any spilled liquids.
NOTICE: Do not add oil if the oil reading is in the crosshatch
area on the dipstick. There are approximately 4.0 L(4.2 qt) from
the fill mark to the full mark. Overfilling the oil pan can cause
engine damage.
NOTE: If the engine operating temperature is below 60°C (140°F),
the engine must be on a level surface and thenshut down for 60
minutes for an accurate oil level reading. Otherwise, the engine
must be brought up to anoperating temperature of 60°C (140°F),
parked on a level surface and then shut down for 20 minutes for
anaccurate oil level reading.
1. Check the oil level daily with the engine stopped and on a
level surface. If the engine has just been stopped and iswarm, wait
approximately 20 minutes to allow the oil to drain back into the
oil pan before checking.
2. Add oil to maintain the correct level on the dipstick. Use
only the heavy-duty oils recommended in the "How toReplace the
Lubricating Oil and Oil Filter" section in this manual.
NOTE: If the dipstick has a positive locking device such as a
lever or twist-lock design, this must be disengagedbefore pulling
the dipstick out of the guide tube.
3. Remove the dipstick from the guide tube. Use a shop rag to
wipe off the end of the dipstick.4. Wait 15 seconds to allow any
crankcase pressure to dissipate through the guide tube and let the
oil level settle in the
oil pan.5. Reinstall the dipstick and make sure it is fully
inserted into the guide tube.6. Remove the dipstick and read the
oil level dipstick.7. The figure shows a comparison between the
bends on the dipstick and a crosshatch pattern on a conventional
dipstick.
Note the exact area noted on the bends. For example, the
'maximum' oil level will be at the BOTTOM of bend (1). Forthe
'minimum' oil level, it is noted at the TOP of bend (2). If the oil
level is below the 'minimum' bend, add oil to bring
EuroV MBE 900 Operators Manual
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it up the 'maximum' level. Do NOT fill beyond the maximum fill
level on the dipstick, since overfilling may result inhigh oil
consumption and possible severe engine damage.
4.1.3 Fuel System ChecksMake sure the fuel shutoff valve (if
used) is open. Fill the tanks with the recommended fuel. Keeping
tanks full reduceswater condensation and helps keep fuel cool,
which is important to engine performance. Full tanks also reduce
the chance formicrobe (black slime) growth. For fuel
recommendations, Refer to section "How to Select Diesel Fuel".
NOTICE: Prolonged use of the starting motor and engine fuel
pumps to prime the fuel system can result indamage to the starter,
fuel pumps, and injectors.
If the shutoff valve is even partially closed, it may cause
erratic engine operation due to an inadequate supply of fuelto the
fuel pump.
NOTICE: NEVER use ether as a starting aid to run the engine.
Doing so will result in injector damage.
If an external starting aid is used, such as a starting fluid,
the heat generated by the external fuel source will cause the
injectortips to be damaged when the fuel cools them. The injector
piston and bushing can be scored from running without
lubrication.
To ensure prompt starting and even running, the fuel system must
be primed if air has entered the fuel system. Priming isdone by
operating the manual hand priming pump located on the frame-mounted
fuel filter or connecting an external primingpump to the priming
port on the fuel filter module. Authorized Detroit™ service outlets
are properly equipped for this type ofservice.
Priming is required if the fuel system has been serviced.
Drain off any water that has accumulated. Water in fuel can
seriously affect engine performance and may cause enginedamage.
4.1.4 Adding FuelWhen adding fuel, pay attention to the
following:
NOTICE: Always use Ultra-Low Sulfur Fuel (ULSF) with 15 PPM
sulfur content or less, based on ASTM StandardD2622 test procedure.
Higher sulfur levels will damage the engine Aftertreatment System
(ATS).
4 First Time Start Preparations
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• Add winter or summer grade fuel according to the season of the
year.• Work in the cleanest conditions possible.• Prevent water
from entering the fuel tank.
For further information, Refer to Section "How to Select Diesel
Fuel".
4.1.5 Checking Other Engine and ATS Related PartsCheck the
engine compartment as follows:
• Make sure the transmission is filled to the proper level with
the fluid recommended by the gear manufacturer. Do notoverfill.
• The Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) must be checked and filled
regularly with DEF meeting Detroit™ quality specification.• Make
sure cable connections to the storage batteries are clean and
tight.• Check for cracks in the battery cases (1), for tightness of
the cable clamps (2) at the terminals, and for corrosion of the
terminals (3). Service or replace as needed.• To provide
corrosion protection, apply dielectric grease liberally to the
terminal pads.
4.2 Starting the Engine1. Place the transmission in neutral, and
set the parking brake.
NOTICE: To prevent serious starter motor damage, release the
ignition switch immediately after the engine hasstarted.
2. Turn on the ignition switch.3. Wait for the engine system
indicator lights on the instrument panel to go out.4. With foot off
the accelerator pedal, start the engine.5. If the engine does not
start after 20 seconds, stop. Try again after waiting about 60
seconds.
NOTICE: Do not increase engine speed if the oil pressure gauge
indicates no oil pressure. Shut down the enginewithin approximately
ten seconds to avoid engine damage. Check to determine the cause of
the problem.
NOTE: Do not place the engine under full load until it reaches
operating temperature. Colder engine temperatureswill cause the
engine to preset idle up to 900 rpm. Even at a high idle condition,
you do not have to wait for enginewarm up and return to normal idle
to drive the truck.
6. Monitor the oil pressure gauge immediately after starting the
engine.
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4.3 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken
during cold weather. To protect your engine, special cold weather
handling is required forfuel, engine oil, coolant, and
batteries.
NOTICE: To avoid engine damage, DO NOT use any type of aerosol
spray, e.g., ether, starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in
starting the engine.
For engines with a grid heater:
WARNING: BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion, do not use ether or starting
fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater.
Temperatures below -20°C (-4°F) may require a block heater and
oil pan heater.
4.3.1 Winter FrontsWinter fronts on Detroit™ engines are seldom
necessary due to the modern design of the engine cooling system.
The coolantthermostat is on the outlet side of the cooling system
on the Detroit™ engine and regulates coolant flow to the radiator
intothe engine. The thermostat regulates coolant flow to control
the temperature of the coolant within the coolant circuit.
Thefollowing benefits are a result from regulating the coolant at
the inlet temperature side of the engine:
• Reduced thermal cycling of the engine• Operating temperature
is reached faster• Improved vehicle heating because of better
temperature regulation
Further information on the thermostat function may be found in
the Coolant Thermostat section of the EuroV MBE900Workshop Manual
(DDC-SVC-MAN-0206).
Use of a winter front on a Detroit™ engine, particularly those
that are fully closed, will cause performance issues and is
notrecommended on Detroit™ engines. Winter fronts can result in the
following:
• Excessive fan run time due to higher Charge Air Cooler (CAC)
outlet temperatures resulting from low air flow through theCAC
• Increased fuel consumption• Failure of the DEF system heaters
to turn on when needed due to incorrect temperature calculations
resulting in fault
codes, poor performance of the Aftertreatment System, and power
reduction• Failure of critical emission equipment that will result
in vehicle speed inducement to a maximum of 5 mph
Use of a winter front should be avoided as this has been shown
to cause false fault codes with the engine and
aftertreatmentsystem. This has also been linked to specific
component failures that will cause vehicle downtime and lost
productivity.
There are two specific situations where a winter front may be
temporarily needed:
• To improve cab heating while idling under extreme cold ambient
temperature• When the ambient temperature remains below -30°C
(-22°F) and the engine is unable to maintain running coolant
temperature of 80°C (175°F) during normal over-the-road
operation
If either of the above situations is encountered, then a winter
front may be temporarily used. A minimum of 25% of the grillmust be
open in sectioned stripes that run perpendicular to the charge air
cooler tube flow direction. This assures evencooling across each
tube and reduces header-to-tube stress and possible failure.
4 First Time Start Preparations
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5 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation
5.1 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation
NOTE: This engine is equipped with DDEC software. This software
generally assures optimal engineperformance. The installation of
software upgrades may cause minor changes in features and
engineperformance.
Since the DDEC system is electronic, a battery is required to
operate the computer. The system operates at 12 volts. However,in
the event of a power supply malfunction, the system will continue
to operate at reduced voltage. When this occurs, theAWL (Check
Engine) will come on.
The engine will only operate at reduced rpm until the battery
voltage reaches a point where the MCM will no longer functionand
the engine shuts down.
Should the AWL (Check Engine) come on for any reason, the
vehicle can still be operated and the driver can proceed to
therequired destination. This condition should be reported to an
authorized Detroit™ distributor or dealer.
NOTICE: When the RSL (Stop Engine) comes on, the system has
detected a major malfunction in the engine thatrequires immediate
attention. It is the operator's responsibility to shut down the
engine to avoid seriousdamage.
The "Stop Engine Override" feature can be activated in the case
where the vehicle is operating in a critical location.
5.1.1 Stop Engine Override SwitchThis feature allows the
operator to override the automatic Stop Engine sequence.
This is done by pressing the Stop Engine Override Switch every
15 to 20 seconds to prevent engine shutdown fromoccurring.
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NOTE: Continuously holding down the Stop Engine Override Switch
will not prevent the engine shutdownsequence. You must continue to
reset the automatic shutdown system by pressing the Stop Engine
OverrideSwitch at intervals of approximately 15 to 20 seconds.
It takes 30 seconds from the time the automatic shutdown
sequence begins until engine shutdown. Therefore, the operatormust
press the override switch just prior to engine shutdown and
continue to do so until the vehicle can be brought to a stopin a
safe location.
5.1.2 Immediate Speed ReductionThe immediate speed reduction
option will bring engine rpm back to a predetermined speed, but
will not shut down theengine.
The engine should not be restarted after it has been shut down
by the engine protection system, unless the problem has beenlocated
and corrected.
5.1.3 Red Stop LampThe conditions that will cause the RSL (Stop
Engine) to come on are:
• High coolant temperature• Loss of coolant• High oil
temperature• Low oil pressure• Auxiliary shutdown
Whenever the AWL (Check Engine) or the RSL comes on, the DDEC
system will determine where the problem is and willthen store this
information in its memory.
If the malfunction is intermittent, the lights will come on and
go off as the computer senses the changing engine condition.
5 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Operation
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6 Detroit Diesel Electronic Control System Features
6.1 Changing the Idle SpeedThe idle speed can be variable if the
parameters in the CPC are set to the default range. Change the idle
speed as follows:
1. Turn the cruise control switch to the ON position.2. To
increase the idle speed, push the RSM/ACC switch until the idle
reaches the desired rpm.3. To decrease the idle speed, push the
SET/CST switch until the idle reaches the desired rpm.
6.2 Stop Engine Override OptionThe Stop Engine Override Option
is used for a momentary override. The electronic engine control
system will record thenumber of times the override is activated
after an engine fault occurs.
6.3 Engine ProtectionThe electronic engine control protection
system monitors all engine sensors, electronic components, and
recognizes systemmalfunctions. If a critical fault is detected, the
AWL (Check Engine) and RSL (Stop Engine) illuminate. The
malfunctioncodes are logged into the MR2's memory.
The standard parameters which are monitored for engine
protection are low coolant level, high coolant temperature, low
oilpressure, and high oil temperature.
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from engine shutdown in an unsafe situation,
ensure the operator knows how tooverride the stop engine condition
on a DDEC-equipped unit.
NOTICE: Engines equipped with the power down/shutdown option
have a system override button or switch toallow engine operation
for a short period of time. Using the override button so the engine
does not shut down in30 seconds but operates for an extended period
may result in engine damage.
This system features a 30-second, stepped-power shutdown
sequence, or an immediate speed reduction without shutdown inthe
event a major engine malfunction occurs, such as low oil pressure,
high oil or coolant temperature, or low coolant level.
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7 Engine Systems
7.1 Engine SystemsThe engine systems are as follows:
Fuel System
The fuel system consists of DDEC control system, fuel injectors,
unit pumps, fuel filter module, filter, injection nozzles, andthe
necessary connecting fuel lines.
Lubrication System
Clean, pressurized oil is fed to all components via passages in
the engine block and cylinder head.
Air System
Outside air enters the engine through the air filter, is drawn
to the turbocharger, is then compressed, forced through the
air-to-air charge cooler (heat exchanger) and is cooled. Next, it
flows to the intake manifold and into the cylinders, where it
mixeswith atomized fuel from the injectors.
For optimum engine protection from dust and other airborne
contaminants, service the dry-type air cleaners when themaximum
allowable air restriction has been reached.
Cooling System
A radiator/thermo-modulated fan cooling system is used on the
engine. This system has a centrifugal-type coolant pump tocirculate
coolant within the engine. The thermostat controls the flow of
coolant.
Electrical System
The electrical system consists of a starting motor, starting
switch, battery-charging alternator, storage batteries, and
necessarywiring.
Exhaust System
Hot exhaust gas from the exhaust manifolds is used to drive the
turbocharger.
7 Engine Systems
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8 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment System
8.1 EuroV MBE900 Aftertreatment SystemThe Selective Catalytic
Reduction (SCR) catalyst converts a mixture of nitrogen oxides and
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) intonitrogen and water. DEF is
pressurized by a pump and is then sprayed into the SCR.
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9 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Information
9.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid InformationDiesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
is stored in the onboard DEF tank. DEF is pulled through the DEF
tank header to the DEF pump.DEF is pumped to the dosing unit and is
injected into the aftertreatment. DEF circulates back to the DEF
tank from thedosing unit.
9 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Information
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10 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank
10.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid TankThe Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
tank holds the DEF supply. The filler neck has a smaller diameter
(19 mm) than the fillerneck of the diesel fuel tank and is fitted
with a magnetic insert so that diesel fuel cannot be mistakenly
added to the DEFtank. The DEF you should use with your Detroit™
product will be API (American Petroleum Institute) certified and
meet thespecifications ISO 22241-1 and DIN70700. These are two
widely accepted standards in use for qualifying DEF for use
inexhaust aftertreatment systems. DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) will
be sold at over 2,500 locations throughout North America.These
locations include:
• Detroit™ Distributors• Freightliner® Truck Dealers• Western
Star® Truck Dealers• Travel Centers of America® Truck Stops• Petro®
Stopping Centers• Pilot Travel Centers®• Additional Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF) sales locations can be found at
www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/def/
If diesel fuel is added to the DEF tank or DEF is added to the
diesel fuel tank, immediately contact your Certified
Detroit™Service Center for further instructions.
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11 Aftertreatment Maintenance
A high amount of black smoke emitting from the vehicle or
illumination of the Amber Warning Lamp or Red Stop Lamp
areindications of a system problem. Should this occur, consult your
local Detroit™ Service Center.
Illumination of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Lamp
indicates a failure of an emissions control device. The MIL
mayilluminate along with other ATS warning lamps. Call for service
to repair the fault.
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12 Instrument Panel Lamps
The instrument panel lamps are explained below:
Amber Warning Lamp
Table 3.
Lamp Lamp Name Description Result
Amber Warning Lamp (AWL) Indicates a fault with the
enginecontrols.
Vehicle can be driven to end of shift.Call for service.
Lamp Solid Lamp Flashing
• At the start of every ignition cycle (bulb check). • Flashes
last 90 seconds before idle shutdown if programmed for
override.
• When an electronic system fault occurs. (Fault should
bediagnosed as soon as possible.)
• Flashes when idle shutdown or the optimized idle shutdown
occurs.
Red Stop Lamp
Table 4.
Lamp Lamp Name Description Result
Red Stop Lamp (RSL) Indicates a major engine fault thatmay
result in engine damage. Enginederate and/or shutdown sequence
willbe initiated.
Move the vehicle to the nearest safelocation and shut down the
engine.Call for service.
Lamp Solid Lamp Flashing
• At the start of every ignition cycle (bulb check). • Flashes
when engine protection shutdown occurs.
• A potential engine damaging fault is detected.
Malfunction Indicator Lamp
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Table 5.
Lamp Lamp Name Description Result
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Yellow lamp Indicates a failure
of anEmission Control device. Mayilluminate at the same time as
theAmber Warning Lamp.
Vehicle can be driven to end of theshift. Call for service.
Lamp Solid Lamp Flashing
• At the start of every ignition cycle (a bulb check). • Never
flashes.
• For any emission related fault (light out when the fault
isinactive).
Fuel Filter Restriction Sensor Lamp: Fuel Filter Failed
Table 6.
Lamp Lamp Name Description Result
Fuel Filter Restriction Sensor (FFRS)Lamp
Yellow lamp Indicates that the fuelfilter is restricted and
needs to beserviced. May illuminate at the sametime as the
Malfunction IndicatorLamp (MIL) and Amber WarningLamp (AWL).
Service soon.
Lamp Solid Lamp Flashing
• At the start of every ignition cycle (a bulb check). • Never
flashes.
• Fuel filter needs service.
Water-in-Fuel Lamp (WIF)
Table 7.
Lamp Lamp Name Description Result
Water-In-Fuel (WIF) Lamp Yellow lamp indicates that the
fuelwater separator has reached itscapacity and needs to be
drained.
Engine water separator must bedrained or an engine derate
willoccur.
Lamp Solid Lamp Flashing
• At the start of every ignition cycle (a bulb check). • Never
flashes.
• Water separator has reached it maximum capacity.
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13 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning Lamps
13.1 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level Warning LampsA four light bar
segment indicates the Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level in 25%
increments. Low DEF levels will trigger adecrease in the engine's
performance. The use of improper DEF fluid will trigger a decrease
in the engine's performance. Inan empty or an ignored state and the
diesel fuel tank is filled without filling the DEF tank, the
vehicle's speed will be limitedto 5 mph until DEF is detected in
the DEF tank.
Figure 1. Driver Card
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14 Maintenance
14.1 MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4)
and 93K218(CJ-4)
NOTE: DFS 93K223(FA-4) oils should not be used in an MBE900
EuroV engine.
NOTE: Refer to DTNAConnect.com for most current information.
DFS 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4) Oil Service Interval
Definitions (applies to the following tables):
Long Haul Applies to vehicles that travel more than 100,000
kilometers annually, with an average fuel economy greater than2.6
km/l, with load factor up to 44%, idle time up to 20%.
Examples: Long distance road service (interstate transport),
minimum stop operation and city start.
Short Haul Applies to vehicles that travel annually from 48,000
to 100,000 kilometers, with average fuel economy between2.2 and 2.5
km / l, with load factor greater than or equal to 45%, idle time
between 25% -30%.
Examples: operation mainly in cities and densely populated
areas, local transport with intermittent road trips, high
percentageof stoppage and start operation.
Severe Applies to vehicles that travel annually up to 48,000
kilometers or that operate under severe conditions, with
averagefuel economy up to 2.1 km/l, load factor greater than 55%,
idle time greater than 35%.
Examples:
• operating on roads that are unpaved or extremely damaged•
operating in an environment with a high accumulation of dust•
operating with constant exposure to extreme heat, cold, salt-air or
other extreme climates• operating on frequent trips of short
distances• operating on construction sites or farms
Table 8.MBE 900: Maintenance Intervals
(Note: Up to 50 ppm Sulfur Fuel is acceptable for this
application.)
EuroV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved
OilsDFS 93K223(FA-4) oils should not be used in an MBE900 EuroV
engine
ComponentLong Haul †
Greater than2.6 km/l*** (6.0 to6.9 mpg)
Short Haul †2.2 to 2.5 km/l*** (5.1 to 5.9
mpg)
Severe †Up to 2.1 km/l*** (Up to 5.0
mpg)
Oil Filter Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km,
800hrs or 12 months †
Replace every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 12 months †
Lubricating Oil Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km,
800hrs or 12 months †
Replace every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 12 months †
Engine Fuel Filter * Replace every 60,000 km Replace every
45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †
Replace every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 12 months †
Engine Fuel Filter * w/ Frame-Mounted Filter
Replace every 60,000 km Replace every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12
months †
Replace every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 12 months †
Frame Mounted Fuel Filters ‡ Replace every 60,000 km Replace
every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 12 months †
Replace every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 12 months †
Valve Lash Adjustment Adjust at first oil change, and then every
other oil change thereafter.
Coolant - Standard Life
Maintain every 60,000 km or 12monthsReplace every 480,000 km or
24months
Maintain every 45,000 km, 800hrs or 6 months †Replace every
450,000 km or 24months
Maintain every 30,000 km, 500hrs or 3 months †Replace every
450,000 km or 24months
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Coolant - Extended Life
Maintain every 120,000 km or 12monthsReplace every 960,000 km or
48months
Maintain every 90,000 km, 1,600hrs or 12 months †Replace every
900,000 km or 48months
Maintain every 60,000 km, 1,000hrs or 12 months †Replace every
900,000 km or 48months
Belts Inspect at oil changeReplace every180,000 kmInspect at Oil
ChangeReplace every 135,000 km
Inspect at Oil ChangeReplace every 90,000 km
Air System Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change Inspect
at oil change
Air Cleaner See vehicle maintenance schedule
Exhaust System Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change
Inspect at oil change
Air Compressor Inspect at oil change Inspect at oil change
Inspect at oil change
DEF Pump Filter Replace every 650,000 km Replace every 475,000
km Replace every 325,000 km
- †Whichever comes first.- *Engine fuel filters should be
changed at recommended service intervals, or when the "Fuel Filter
Service Lamp" activates on thedashboard. For maximum life of fuel
system components, it is not recommended to exceed 160k miles on
engine fuel filters under anycondition.- ***Fuel Economy represents
overall fuel economy (including idle time)- ‡Currently, only
Detroit™ Fuel Filter/Water Separator & Davco 482/485/487 are
the only frame-mounted filtration systems compatible forDetroit™
Engines.- Refer to "Routine Preventive Maintenance" and "How to
Procedures" for a description of all items.
14.2 Scheduled IntervalsAll service intervals and maintenance
operations are based on the parts and accessories expressly
approved for your engine.
The scope and frequency of maintenance work are determined by
the engine's operating conditions: severe duty, short haul,long
haul or operating hours vs. fuel consumption (oil drain interval
only).
Evidence of regular maintenance is essential if a warranty claim
has to be submitted.
If optional equipment is installed, be sure to comply with the
maintenance requirements for these extra items.
Important: If the engine is stored for more than 18 months, the
oil must be changed before the engine can be brought
intoservice.
Maintenance Schedule Types
There are five types of maintenance schedule:
• Schedule I (Severe Service)• Schedule II (Short Haul)•
Schedule III (Long Haul)• Operating Hours vs. Fuel Consumption (Oil
Drain Interval Only)
To determine which schedule to use, find the distance traveled
by the vehicle in a year, regardless of vehicle type.
Severe Service
Applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 100,000
kilometers (60,000 miles) or that operate under severe
conditions.Examples of Severe Service usage include: operation on
extremely poor roads or where there is heavy dust
accumulation;constant exposure to extreme hot, cold, salt-air, or
other extreme climates; frequent short-distance travel;
construction-siteoperation; city operation (fire truck, garbage
truck); or farm operation.
Short-Haul
Applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 100,000
kilometers (60,000 miles) and operate under normal
conditions.Examples of Short-Haul usage are: operation primarily in
cities and densely populated areas; local transport with
infrequentfreeway travel; or high percentage of stop-and-go
travel.
Long-Haul
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Long Haul (over-the-road transport) is for vehicles that
annually travel more than 100,000 kilometers (60,000 miles),
withminimal city or stop-and-go operation. Examples of Long-Haul
usage are: regional delivery that is mostly freeway
miles;interstate transport; or any road operation with high annual
mileage.
Operating Hours vs. Fuel Consumption (Oil Drain Interval
Only)
Operating hours vs. fuel consumption is for operators who want
an oil drain interval based on hours of operation instead ofmiles
traveled.
Maintenance Schedule and Interval Operations
The three different schedules of vehicle usage (severe, short
haul, and long haul) are listed. Refer to section "MBE 900EuroV
Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)". For
each schedule, the appropriate distanceinterval (in miles and
kilometers) is given for performing and repeating each maintenance
operation.
The descriptions of all maintenance operations, indicating all
maintenance operation sets at which each operation must beperformed
are listed; Refer to section "MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance
Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and 93K218(CJ-4)"
Maintenance Intervals
The three maintenance interval tables show which maintenance
operation must be performed at the actual distances (in milesor
kilometers) for each maintenance operation (M1-M3). The schedule of
actual distances is based on the intervals listed,Refer to section
"MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables - 93K222(CK-4) and
93K218(CJ-4)".
The maintenance interval tables are:
• Maintenance Interval Table, Severe Service, Refer to section
"MBE 900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables -93K222(CK-4) and
93K218(CJ-4)"
• Maintenance Interval Table, Short Haul, Refer to section "MBE
900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables -93K222(CK-4) and
93K218(CJ-4)"
• Maintenance Interval Table, Long Haul, Refer to section "MBE
900 EuroV Preventive Maintenance Tables -93K222(CK-4) and
93K218(CJ-4)"
14.3 Schedule UseBefore placing your new vehicle in service,
determine the correct maintenance intervals that apply to your
intended use of thevehicle. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule Table
to determine the distance interval at which each maintenance
operationmust be performed to comply with your vehicle's schedule.
A detailed description of maintenance operations can be foundlater
in this section
When the vehicle reaches the actual distance given for an
interval, refer to the Maintenance Interval Tables to find
theMaintenance Operation Set that applies to that interval. Then
perform the maintenance operations listed in the
applicableMaintenance Interval Operation Table.
Complete each Maintenance Operation Set at the required
interval. For example, when you have completed MaintenanceOperation
Set M3 under the 16th maintenance number listed in the Maintenance
Interval Table, repeat the pattern. For the17th maintenance, do
Maintenance Operation Set M1, under the first maintenance number
listed in the Maintenance IntervalTable.
Note: For Severe Service, the pattern repeats after 15
maintenance numbers, not 16 (as for Short Haul and Long Haul).
14.4 Required Maintenance OperationsThe following sections
describe the required maintenance operations listed in Table
"Required Maintenance Operations Sets,Schedule I" and "Required
Maintenance Operations Sets, Schedule II and III".
Inspect the engine as follows:
• Visually check the engine for signs of leakage. A slight
dampness at the sealing points is no cause for alarm.
NOTE: More severe leaks, combined with a continual loss of oil,
must be corrected without delay.
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• Visually inspect all lines and hoses. Listen for any sound of
leaking. Make sure all pipes and hoses are undamaged,correctly
positioned to avoid chafing, and properly secured.
Valve Lash Checking and Adjusting
Visually inspect all lines and hoses. Listen for any sound of
leaking. Make sure all pipes and hoses are undamaged,
correctlypositioned to avoid chafing, and properly secured.
The special tool listed in is required for this procedure.
Table 9.Service Tools Used in the Procedure
Tool Number Tool Name Tool Graphic
J-46392 Engine Cranking Tool
Gaining Access to the Valves
Gain access to the valves as follows:
NOTE: Clean the cylinder head cover before removing it.
1. Remove the cylinder head cover.
2. Remove the inspection cover on the timing case.3. Fit the
cranking device into the inspection hole on the timing case.
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4. Select a method for adjusting the valve lash for the valve
layout on both four- and six-cylinder engines. There are
twoacceptable methods for adjusting valve lash:• In order,
according to the timing sequence used for fuel injection ("Method
One")• By type of valve, depending on crankshaft position ("Method
Two")
14.4.1 Method One: Adjust Each Cylinder In Firing OrderMethod
One allows you to adjust each cylinder in the order in which fuel
is injected. The crankshaft must be repositionedafter each cylinder
is adjusted.
1. For each cylinder, use the cranking device to rotate the
crankshaft until the piston is exactly at top dead center (TDC)in
the compression stroke. The valves must be closed and it must be
possible to turn the push rods without effort.
NOTE: When the piston in cylinder #1 is at ignition TDC, the
valves of cylinder #6 (cylinder #4 on the four-cylinderengine) will
overlap, meaning that both intake and exhaust valves are partially
open, and show no measurableplay when tested with a feeler
gauge.
2. Check each valve and adjust it (if necessary), using the
procedures under the headings "Checking Valve Lash" and"Adjusting
Valve Lash" in this section.
Table 10.Valve Adjustment- Method One
Engine CrankshaftPosition
Cylinders
4-cylinder IgnitionSequence
1 3 4 2 NA NA
Valve Overlap 4 2 1 3 NA NA
6-cylinder IgnitionSequence
1 5 3 6 2 4
Valve Overlap 6 2 4 1 5 3
14.4.2 Method Two: Adjust All Valves Using Two Crankshaft
PositionsMethod two allows you to adjust all the valves using just
two crankshaft positions.
1. Using the cranking device, turn the crankshaft until cylinder
#1 is at the ignition TDC position (all valves are closed)and
cylinder #6 (cylinder #4 on the four-cylinder engine) is at the
valve overlap position (all valves are open).
2. Check the valves listed in Table "Valve Adjustment - Method
Two" in the "Ignition TDC" row and adjust them (ifnecessary), using
the procedures under the headings "Checking Valve Lash" and
"Adjusting Valve Lash."
3. Using the cranking device, turn the crankshaft until cylinder
#6 (cylinder #4 on the four-cylinder engine) is at theignition TDC
position (all valves are closed) and cylinder #1 is at the valve
overlap position (valves are open).
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4. Using the same procedure, check the valves in the "Valve
Overlap" row and adjust them (if necessary), using theprocedures
under the headings "Checking Valve Lash" and "Adjusting Valve
Lash."
Table 11.Valve Adjustment- Method Two
Engine Cylinder #1CrankshaftPosition
Cylinders/Valve Types
1 2 3 4 5 6
4-cylinder Ignition TDC Intake/Exhaust
Intake Exhaust -- NA NA
Valve Overlap -- Exhaust Intake Intake/Exhaust
NA NA
6-cylinder Ignition TDC Intake/Exhaust
Intake Exhaust Intake Exhaust --
Valve Overlap -- Exhaust Intake Exhaust Intake
Intake/Exhaust
14.4.3 Checking Valve LashCheck valve lash as follows:
1. For each valve, measure the valve lash with a feeler gauge
between the rocker arm and valve stem (exhaust valve) orvalve
bridge (intake valve). It should be possible to pull the feeler
gauge through with no more than light resistance.
2. If the value measured is within the range listed in Table
"Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment" in the "Check For"column,
check the next valve.
3. If the value measured is within the range listed in Table
"Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment" in the "Check For"column,
check the next valve.
14.4.4 Adjusting Valve LashAdjust valve lash as follows:
1. If adjustment is needed, loosen the locknut. See figure below
for intake valves and exhaust valves. Use the exactsettings listed
in "Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment" table in the "Adjust To"
column.
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Figure 2. Intake Valves
Figure 3. Exhaust Valves
Table 12.Valve Lash Checking and Adjustment
Valve Type Check For: Adjust to:
Intake 0.30 to 0.60 mm (0.012 to 0.024 in.) 40 mm (0.016
in.)
Exhaust 0.50 to 0.80 mm (0.020 to 0.032 in.) 60 mm (0.024
in.)
2. Turn the adjusting screw until the valve lash is correct
using the exact settings listed in "Valve Lash Checking
andAdjustment" table, above. Use the range only for checking
adjustment.
3. Tighten the locknut 25 N·m (18 lb·ft ).4. Check the valve
lash again. Adjust again if necessary.
14.4.5 Restoring The Vehicle To Operating ConditionRestore to
operating condition as follows:
1. Install the cylinder head cover. Refer to section "Removal of
the Cylinder Head Cover".2. Remove the cranking device from the
inspection hole in the timing case.3. Replace the end cover on the
inspection hole and tighten the bolts 25 N·m (18 lb·ft).
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14.5 Fuel Prefilter Element CleaningClean the fuel prefilter
element as follows:
1. Open the fuel filler cap to release pressure in the fuel
system. Replace and tighten the cap.2. Clean the outside of the
prefilter housing. Keep fuel away from hoses or pipes located
beneath the filter
Figure 4. Cylinder Head Cover
Figure 5. Fuel Filters3. Unscrew the cap on the fuel prefilter.
Pull the cap and filter element out of the prefilter housing.4.
Clean the cap and the filter element. If the filter element is
heavily soiled or damaged, replace it.5. Check the O-ring on the
cap and replace it if necessary.6. Insert the filter element into
the prefilter housing and screw the cap onto the housing. Tighten
the cap 25 N·m (18
lb·ft ).
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Figure 6. Fuel Prefilter
NOTICE: Correct torque on the high pressure lines is critical.
Incorrect torques could result in leaks or lack ofpower due to
restricted fuel flow.
7. To bleed the fuel system, make sure that all high-pressure
lines have been tightened to 25 N·m (18 lb·ft) and all banjobolts
to 40 N·m (30 lb·ft).
8. If equipped with a hand pump on the fuel/water separator,
work the hand pump 50 times.9. Crank the engine for 30 seconds at a
time, but no longer. Before cranking the engine again, wait at
least two minutes.
The engine should start within four 30-second attempts.
14.6 Main Fuel Filter Element ChangingChange the main fuel
filter element as follows:
1. Open the vehicle fuel tank filler cap to release pressure in
the fuel system. Replace and tighten the cap.2. Clean the outside
of the fuel filter housing. See figure below.3. Using a 36-mm
socket wrench insert, unscrew the cap on the fuel filter and remove
it, along with the filter element.
Pull both the cap and the filter element a short distance out of
the filter housing. See figure below. Allow the fuel todrain off
the filter into the housing.
4. Remove the cap with the filter element. To release the filter
element, twist the lower edge of the filter element to oneside.
NOTICE: To prevent damage to the filter housing, do not allow
dirt to get into the filter housing. Do not empty thedirt collector
into the filter case.
5. Pull the dirt collector out of the filter housing using the
tabs on either side.
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Figure 7. Main Fuel Filter6. Clean the cap and the dirt
collector.7. Replace the O-ring.8. Install the new filter element
in the cap. Make sure the filter element is securely in place.9.
Insert the dirt collector into the filter housing. Make sure the
dirt collector is positioned properly in the filter housing.
10. Screw on the cap with the filter element. Tighten the cap 25
N·m (18 lb·ft).
NOTICE: Correct torque on the high pressure lines is critical.
Incorrect torques could result in leaks or lack ofpower due to
restricted fuel flow.
11. To bleed the fuel system, make sure that all high-pressure
lines have been tightened to 25 N·m (18 lb·ft) and all banjobolts
to 40 N·m (30 lb·ft).
12. If equipped with a hand pump on the fuel/water separator,
work the hand pump 50 times.13. Crank the engine for 30 seconds at
a time, but no longer . Before cranking the engine again, wait at
least two minutes.
The engine should start within four 30-second attempts.14. Start
the engine. Check the fuel filter for leaks.
14.7 Engine Oil and Filter Changing
WARNING: FIRE
To avoid injury from fire, keep open flames, sparks, electrical
resistance heating elements, or otherpotential ignition sources
away when draining lubrication oil. Do not smoke when
draininglubricating oil.
NOTE: Select the SAE class (viscosity) on the basis of the
average air temperature for the season. View thetemperature ranges
for the various SAE classes as guidelines which can be exceeded for
only a short time.
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Figure 8. SAE Oil Viscosity ClassesTo insure the engine is
protected and the oil stays clean until the next oil change, use
only oils of API classification CI4.
The six-cylinder EGR engines have an oil centrifuge and an oil
filter. Non-EGR engines have only an oil filter.
NOTICE: Both the primary lube oil filter (front of engine) and
the oil centriguge cartridge (side of engine) must bereplaced at
each oil drain interval.
Change the oil filter as follows:
1. Chock the tires, place the transmission in neutral, and set
the parking brake.
NOTE: Change the engine oil only when the engine is at an
operating temperature of approximately 82°C(180°F).
2. Using a 36-mm socket, unscrew the oil filter cap.
Figure 9. Oil Filter Cap3. Place a suitable receptacle beneath
the oil drain plug on the underside of the oil pan. Carefully
unscrew the oil drain
plug on the oil pan and allow the oil to drain out. Discard the
O-ring on the oil drain plug.
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Figure 10. Engine Oil Drain Plug, Oil Pan4. Remove both the
filter cap and the filter element. To release the filter element,
twist the lower edge of the filter
element to the side.
Figure 11. Cap with Oil Filter Element
NOTICE: To prevent damage to the filter housing, ensure that no
foreign objects get inside it. Do not wipe cleanthe filter
housing.
5. Replace the O-ring on the cap. See figure above.6. Install
the new filter into the cap. Make sure the filter element is
securely in place.7. Screw the cap onto the oil filter housing.
Tighten the cap 25 N·m (18 lb·ft).8. Install the oil drain plug,
using a new O-ring. Tighten the plug 65 N·m (48 lb·ft).9. Add new
engine oil through the oil fill.
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Figure 12. Oil Fill
WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from slipping and falling, immediately clean up
any spilled liquids.
NOTE: Engine oil fill capacity with a standard oil pan for the
six-cylinder engine is 30.6 quarts (29.0 L). For thefour-cylinder
engine with a standard oil pan, fill capacity is 16.7quarts (15.8
L).
10. Fill until the maximum fill level on the oil dipstick has
been reached. Do not overfill.
NOTICE: Keep the engine running at idling speed until an oil
pressure reading is obtained. If no oil pressure isshown after
approximately 10 seconds, stop the engine and determine the cause.
Failure to do so could result inengine damage.
11. Start the engine with the accelerator pedal in the idle
position. Monitor the oil pressure gauge.12. Check the filter and
oil drain plug for signs of leakage.13. Stop the engine.14. Check
the oil level again after approximately five minutes. If necessary,
add oil up to the maximum fill level on the oil
dipstick. Do not overfill.
14.7.1 Oil CentrifugeThe MBE six-cylinder engines (906/926) have
an oil centrifuge.
NOTICE: Both the primary lube oil filter (front of engine) and
the oil centriguge cartridge (side of engine) must bereplaced at
each oil drain interval.
Change the oil centrifuge cartridge as follows:
1. Remove the cover of the oil centrifuge.
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Figure 13. Oil Centrifuge2. Lift out the dirty cartridge and
replace it with a clean one.
Figure 14. Centrifuge Cartdirge3. Replace the centrifuge cover,
tighten the cap 40 Nm (30 lb·ft).
14.8 Coolant Concentration CheckingCheck coolant concentration
as follows:
WARNING: HOT COOLANT
To avoid scalding from the expulsion of hot coolant, never
remove the cooling system pressure capwhile the engine is at
operating temperature. Wear adequate protective clothing (face
shield,rubber gloves, apron, and boots). Remove the cap slowly to
relieve pressure.
1. Open the cap on the surge tank slowly, to allow excess
pressure to escape. Set the cap aside.
NOTE: Check and correct the coolant level only when the coolant
temperature is below 50°C (122°F).
NOTE: Concentrations of more than 55% by volume should not be
used, as this is the level which affords themaximum antifreeze
protection, down to -45°C (-49°F). Higher concentrations adversely
affect heat dissipation.
2. Before adding coolant, use a suitable tester to check the
concentration of corrosion-inhibiting antifreeze. If
theconcentration is lower than 50% by volume, drain coolant/add
antifreeze until the concentration is correct. The coolantmixing
ratio is listed in the "Coolant Mixing Ratio" table.
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Table 13.Coolant Mixing Ratio
Antifreeze Protection Down to: Water Percentage by Volume
Corrosion-Inhibiting Antifreeze Percentageby Volume
-37°C (-47°F) 50 50
-45°C (-49°F) 45 Maximum 55
NOTICE: If the concentration of antifreeze is too low, there is
a risk of corrosion or cavitation in the coolingsystem.
NOTE: When topping off, use only a pre-prepared coolant mixture
containing a 50% concentration by volume ofcorrosion-inhibiting
antifreeze.
3. Check the coolant level and add more coolant if necessary.4.
Close and tighten the cap on the surge tank.
14.9 Coolant Flushing and Changing
WARNING: HOT COOLANT
To avoid scalding from the expulsion of hot coolant, never
remove the cooling system pressure capwhile the engine is at
operating temperature. Wear adequate protective clothing (face
shield,rubber gloves, apron, and boots). Remove the cap slowly to
relieve pressure.
Flush and change the coolant as follows:
1. Open the cap on the surge tank slowly, to allow excess
pressure to escape. Set the cap aside.2. Open the water regulating
valve for the heating system.3. Drain the coolant from the engine.
Coolant system capacity is listed in the "Coolant System Capacity"
table below.
a. Place a receptacle underneath the coolant drain plug. Choose
one that is large enough to hold the expectedquantity of
coolant.
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Figure 15. Coolant Drain Plugb. Open the coolant drain plug on
the bottom of the radiator.
NOTICE: When flushing the radiator, do not apply more than 140
kPa (20 psi) air pressure. Excessive pressurecan damage the
radiator or heater core.
4. Flush the radiator, then attach a flushing gun nozzle to the
radiator outlet.a. Run water in until the radiator is full.
WARNING: EYE INJURY
To avoid injury from flying debris when using compressed air,
wear adequate eye protection (faceshield or safety goggles) and do
not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air pressure.
b. Apply no more than 140kPa (20 psi) air pressure
intermittently to help dislodge sediment buildup in the core.5.
Drain the radiator, and flush the radiator until clean water flows
from the radiator. Remove the flushing gun.6. When the coolant has
drained, install the coolant drain plug on the radiator.7. Add
coolant in the specified concentration until the maximum mark on
the surge tank is reached. Coolant system
capacity is listed below.
Table 14.Coolant System Capacity
Description 4-Cylinder 6-Cylinder
Engine Coolant Capacity (all vehicles) L (Qt)
Engine capacity 8 (8.5) 12 (12.7)
Business Class Coolant System Capacity L (Qt)
Total capacity 19.8 (21) 23.6 (25)
Antifreeze quantity at 50% 9.9 (10.5) 11.8 (12.5)
Antifreeze quantity at 55% 10.8 (11.5) 13.1 (13.8)
8. Start the engine and run it for about one minute at varying
speeds to release air pockets in the cooling system. Makesure the
heater valve is still open. Check the coolant level and add more
coolant if necessary.
9. Shut down the engine.10. Add coolant if necessary.
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14.10 Cooling System Inspecting
WARNING: HOT COOLANT
To avoid scalding from the expulsion of hot coolant, never
remove the cooling system pressure capwhile the engine is at
operating temperature. Wear adequate protective clothing (face
shield,rubber gloves, apron, and boots). Remove the cap slowly to
relieve pressure.
NOTE: Before doing this inspection, make sure to do either
maintenance operation, "Coolant ConcentrationChecking," or
maintenance operation, "Coolant Flushing and Changing."
Inspect the cooling system as follows:
1. Inspect the radiator, the condenser, the coolant pump, the
engine oil cooler, the freeze plugs, and the heat exchangerfor
damage and leaks.
2. Check all pipes and hoses in the cooling system for damage
and leaks. Make sure all pipes and hoses are properlypositioned to
avoid chafing, and are securely fastened.
3. Check the outside of the radiator and condenser for blockage
by dirt or debris. Make sure the fins are not damaged,and
straighten them if necessary.
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15 How to Procedures
This section covers the Detroit™ recommendations on how to
select lubricating oil, diesel fuel, and coolant. Also includedare
basic engine maintenance procedures which can be performed by the
operator.
NOTICE: The manufacturer’s warranty applicable to the engine
provides in part that the provisions of suchwarranty shall not
apply to any engine unit that has been subject to misuse,
negligence or accident. Accordingly,malfunctions attributable to
neglect or failure to follow the manufacturer’s fuel or lubricating
recommendationsmay not be within the coverage of the warranty.
15.1 How to Select Lubricating OilRefer to DDC-SVC-BRO-0001for
more information.
Detroit Fluids Specification (DFS) DFS 93K223 (API FA-4) or DFS
93K222 (API CK-4) oils are recommended for usein the engine.
For optimal fuel economy, use DFS 93K223 approved API FA-4
engine oil.
15.2 How to Replace the Lubricating Oil and Oil FilterThe oil
filter is an integral part of the lubrication system. Proper filter
selection and maintenance are important to satisfactoryengine
performance and service life. The filter should be used to maintain
a clean system, not to clean up a contaminatedsystem. The
maintenance intervals for the appropriate duty cycle are listed in
tables in this manual.
Change the oil and replace the lubricating oil filter as
follows:
NOTE: If the used oil was contaminated by fuel or coolant, it
may be necessary to take the vehicle to a certifiedDetroit Service
Center. The Service Center may drain the oil and then remove the
oil pan, oil pump, and oil pumpintake manifold to drain the
remaining oil held back by the backflow valve. It is important to
remove allcontaminated oil from the engine.
NOTE: Change the engine oil only when the engine oil temperature
is approximately 60°C (140°F). Changing coldoil will result in
extended drain times.
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WARNING: PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury, never remove any engine component while the
engine is running.
1. Place the transmission in neutral, and set the parking
brake.
NOTICE: Use care to prevent foreign objects from entering the
filter housing.
2. Clean outside of the oil filter housing.
NOTICE: On some chassis models the air filter housing may
interfere with removing the oil filter cap and filterelement
straight up. If this is the case, loosen or remove the air filter
housing to allow for proper oil filter removal.Removing the filter
element on an angle may damage the oil filter standpipe or bypass
valve.
3. Using a 36-mm socket, unscrew the oil filter cap and filter
and allow the oil to drain into the housing. After draining
iscomplete, remove the assembly from the housing.
4. Remove the filter element by pressing and twisting the side
and detaching it from the cap.5. Remove the oil filter cap O-ring
and discard. Lightly coat a new O-ring with clean engine oil and
install it on the filter
cap.6. Check the filter housing for any debris and remove if
necessary.7. Insert a new filter element into the oil filter
cap.
NOTICE: The oil filter bypass valve is very important to the
operation of the engine. If the valve becomesdamaged, the oil
filter will be bypassed at all times. This allows unfiltered debris
to flow throughout the entirelubrication system and may cause
severe engine damage.
8. Inspect the oil filter bypass valve (3) in the end of the
standpipe (2) in the oil filter housing. See illustration below.
Abroken bypass valve (1) is shown on the right. Repair as
necessary.
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NOTICE: On some chassis models the air filter housing may
interfere with installing the oil filter cap and filterelement
straight into the housing. If this is the case, loosen or remove
the air filter housing to allo