RESEARCH PAPER Europrotomus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae): a new Middle Miocene European strombid genus (Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. Part 4) Gijs C. Kronenberg • Mathias Harzhauser Received: 15 March 2011 / Accepted: 12 September 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011 Abstract The medium-sized, strongly ornamented nom- inal species Strombus schroeckingeri Ho ¨rnes in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 is well known from Langhian deposits of the Paratethys Sea. Its traditional generic affiliation in the literature with Euprotomus Gill, 1870, implicated a biogeographic relation of the Paratethys and the proto- Mediterranean with the Neogene Indo-West-Pacific region. This relation, however, is problematic because the Tethys Seaway was already closed or a very shallow, strongly evaporitic passage at that time. Despite its superficial similarity with extant genera of the IWP region, the genus is unrelated to all known strombid genera and represents a new genus, which is introduced herein as Europrotomus nov. gen. The genus comprises only one or maybe two species, which occur in the European Middle Miocene geological record. No ancestors are known so far. This sudden occurrence is discussed as immigration from an adjacent bioprovince rather than as a result of autochtho- nous evolution. Hypothetically, such a biogeographic source area might have been established along the coasts of tropical West Africa—a scenario that is already docu- mented for Pleistocene times. Keywords Gastropoda Á Strombidae Á Euprotomus Á New genus Á Miocene Á Biogeography Á Paratethys Kurzfassung Die nominale Art Strombus schroeckingeri Ho ¨rnes in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 ist ein stark orna- mentierter Strombidae von mittlerer Gro ¨ße, der aus dem Langhium der Paratethys gut dokumentiert ist. Die tradi- tionelle generische Zuordnung zu Euprotomus Gill, 1870 implizierte eine biogeographische Beziehung zwischen der Paratethys und dem Proto-Mediterran sowie der neogenen Indo-West-Pazifischen Region. Diese Verbindung ist je- doch problematisch, da der Tethys-Seeweg zu dieser Zeit bereits geschlossen war oder nur eine sehr seichte, stark evaproritische Passage repra ¨sentierte. Die Gattung zeigt keine na ¨here Verwandtschaft mit den bekannten Strom- biden-Gattungen, trotz der oberfla ¨chlichen A ¨ hnlichkeiten mit einigen modernen Vertretern in der IWP-Region. Daher wird hier fu ¨r dieses Taxon Europrotomus nov. gen. als neue Gattung eingefu ¨hrt. Diese Gattung beinhaltet nur ein oder zwei Arten, die ausschließlich aus dem europa ¨ischen Mittel-Mioza ¨n bekannt sind. Bisher konnten keine Vor- ga ¨nger nachgewiesen werden, weshalb autochthone Evo- lution als eher unwahrscheinlich betrachtet wird. Stattdessen ko ¨nnte dieses plo ¨tzliche Auftreten durch Immigration von einer benachbarten biogeographischen Provinz erkla ¨rt werden. Ein derartiges biogeograpohisches Herkunftsgebiet ko ¨nnte hypothetisch entlang der tropi- schen Ku ¨sten West-Afrikas etabliert gewesen sein—ein Szenario, das auch aus dem Pleistoza ¨n dokumentiert ist. Schlu ¨ sselwo ¨rter Gastropoda Á Strombidae Á Euprotomus Á neue Gattung Á Mioza ¨n Á Biogeographie Á Paratethys Introduction The wealth of taxa of the family Strombidae in the modern Indo-West Pacific Region (IWP) has its roots in the G. C. Kronenberg NCBNaturalis, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]M. Harzhauser (&) Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria e-mail: [email protected]123 Pala ¨ontol Z DOI 10.1007/s12542-011-0121-1
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RESEARCH PAPER
Europrotomus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae): a newMiddle Miocene European strombid genus (Revisionof Euprotomus Gill, 1870. Part 4)
Gijs C. Kronenberg • Mathias Harzhauser
Received: 15 March 2011 / Accepted: 12 September 2011
� Springer-Verlag 2011
Abstract The medium-sized, strongly ornamented nom-
inal species Strombus schroeckingeri Hornes in Hoernes &
Auinger, 1884 is well known from Langhian deposits of the
Paratethys Sea. Its traditional generic affiliation in the
literature with Euprotomus Gill, 1870, implicated a
biogeographic relation of the Paratethys and the proto-
Mediterranean with the Neogene Indo-West-Pacific region.
This relation, however, is problematic because the Tethys
Seaway was already closed or a very shallow, strongly
evaporitic passage at that time. Despite its superficial
similarity with extant genera of the IWP region, the genus
is unrelated to all known strombid genera and represents a
new genus, which is introduced herein as Europrotomus
nov. gen. The genus comprises only one or maybe two
species, which occur in the European Middle Miocene
geological record. No ancestors are known so far. This
sudden occurrence is discussed as immigration from an
adjacent bioprovince rather than as a result of autochtho-
nous evolution. Hypothetically, such a biogeographic
source area might have been established along the coasts of
tropical West Africa—a scenario that is already docu-
mented for Pleistocene times.
Keywords Gastropoda � Strombidae � Euprotomus � New
genus � Miocene � Biogeography � Paratethys
Kurzfassung Die nominale Art Strombus schroeckingeri
Hornes in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884 ist ein stark orna-
mentierter Strombidae von mittlerer Große, der aus dem
Langhium der Paratethys gut dokumentiert ist. Die tradi-
tionelle generische Zuordnung zu Euprotomus Gill, 1870
implizierte eine biogeographische Beziehung zwischen der
Paratethys und dem Proto-Mediterran sowie der neogenen
Indo-West-Pazifischen Region. Diese Verbindung ist je-
doch problematisch, da der Tethys-Seeweg zu dieser Zeit
bereits geschlossen war oder nur eine sehr seichte, stark
evaproritische Passage reprasentierte. Die Gattung zeigt
keine nahere Verwandtschaft mit den bekannten Strom-
biden-Gattungen, trotz der oberflachlichen Ahnlichkeiten
mit einigen modernen Vertretern in der IWP-Region.
Daher wird hier fur dieses Taxon Europrotomus nov. gen.
als neue Gattung eingefuhrt. Diese Gattung beinhaltet nur ein
oder zwei Arten, die ausschließlich aus dem europaischen
Mittel-Miozan bekannt sind. Bisher konnten keine Vor-
ganger nachgewiesen werden, weshalb autochthone Evo-
lution als eher unwahrscheinlich betrachtet wird.
Stattdessen konnte dieses plotzliche Auftreten durch
Immigration von einer benachbarten biogeographischen
Provinz erklart werden. Ein derartiges biogeograpohisches
Herkunftsgebiet konnte hypothetisch entlang der tropi-
Extinct taxa accompanied by a dagger (�). Current species names between brackets (), current generic allocation between square brackets []. Type species,when designated, underlined. See also text
G. C. Kronenberg, M. Harzhauser
123
Derivation of name: Compound noun of ‘‘Euro,’’ refer-
ring to the European distribution of this genus as known so
far, and ‘‘protomus’’ as allusion to the genus Euprotomus
Gill, 1870, to which the type species has been allocated.
Distribution: This fossil strombid genus is known so far
only from the European Middle Miocene and was restricted
to the Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent Paratethys Sea.
Remarks: Other species assigned to Europrotomus gen.
nov.: Strombus almerai Crosse, 1885; but see below.
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