European Wars After their meetings…. What will be asked of you? Will ask about war in terms of its causes and effects on specific institutions: -- Economic.

European WarsEuropean Wars

After their meetings…After their meetings…

What will be asked of you?What will be asked of you?

Will ask about war in terms of its causes and Will ask about war in terms of its causes and effects on specific institutions: effects on specific institutions:

-- Economic structures and institutions-- Economic structures and institutions-- Political structures and -- Political structures and

institutionsinstitutions -- Religious structures -- Religious structures and institutionsand institutions

Will ask about war in terms of the impact it Will ask about war in terms of the impact it had on the roles of people in society: women, had on the roles of people in society: women, children, clergy, educators, scientists, children, clergy, educators, scientists, philosophers…NOT soldiers.philosophers…NOT soldiers.

You will be asked to analyze (break down into its You will be asked to analyze (break down into its component parts) the impact war had on the world component parts) the impact war had on the world of the arts and the psyche of mankind.of the arts and the psyche of mankind.Will be asked to consider causes of wars Will be asked to consider causes of wars themselves and their peace settlements; often of themselves and their peace settlements; often of different eras within the same questiondifferent eras within the same questionWill be asked to consider forces causing the Will be asked to consider forces causing the outbreak and forces emerging from the ruin of war.outbreak and forces emerging from the ruin of war.You will be expected to know about territory You will be expected to know about territory changes resulting from wars and be able to read changes resulting from wars and be able to read the related mapsthe related mapsYou will be expected to read and analyze all sorts You will be expected to read and analyze all sorts of propaganda and put it into historical context of propaganda and put it into historical context

Will NOT be asked to know Will NOT be asked to know specific specific strategy, strategy, tactics, battles, leaders, turning points of wars- nor tactics, battles, leaders, turning points of wars- nor will you be asked comparative analysis questions will you be asked comparative analysis questions regarding those elementsregarding those elements

Will not be asked Will not be asked specific, detailedspecific, detailed questions questions about the NAZI Holocaust or other genocides.about the NAZI Holocaust or other genocides.

Will NOT be asked about European wars fought in Will NOT be asked about European wars fought in foreign lands: Opium Wars, French Indo-china, foreign lands: Opium Wars, French Indo-china, The American Revolution The American Revolution

What Will NOT be on the examWhat Will NOT be on the exam

AP War MC QuestionsAP War MC Questions

The VAST majority of MC questions regarding The VAST majority of MC questions regarding war will pertain to one of the following:war will pertain to one of the following: AlliancesAlliances GoalsGoals TreatiesTreaties ResultsResults

The following questions are exceptions to The following questions are exceptions to those from previous AP examsthose from previous AP exams

War MC Q’sWar MC Q’s Which of the following was a major factor responsible for the Bolshevik victory in Which of the following was a major factor responsible for the Bolshevik victory in

the Russian Civil War (1918-1921) ?the Russian Civil War (1918-1921) ?(A) The Bolsheviks controlled the periphery of the country(A) The Bolsheviks controlled the periphery of the country(B) The governments of France and Great Britain supported the Bolshevik cause with (B) The governments of France and Great Britain supported the Bolshevik cause with

food and war suppliesfood and war supplies(C) Trotsky created a disciplined and effective Red Army(C) Trotsky created a disciplined and effective Red Army(D) The Bolsheviks had the undivided support of the peasants(D) The Bolsheviks had the undivided support of the peasantsE) The Bolsheviks refused to use the E) The Bolsheviks refused to use the ChekaCheka to subdue the opposition (1984) to subdue the opposition (1984)

Which of the following is true of both the 1956 revolt in Hungary and the 1968 Which of the following is true of both the 1956 revolt in Hungary and the 1968 revolt in Czechoslovakia?revolt in Czechoslovakia?

(A) Each was a popular grass-roots attempt to establish an American-style democracy.(A) Each was a popular grass-roots attempt to establish an American-style democracy.(B) Neither received assistance from the United States because they were within the (B) Neither received assistance from the United States because they were within the

Soviet sphere of influence.Soviet sphere of influence.(C) Each received the military and political support of the Warsaw Pact members.(C) Each received the military and political support of the Warsaw Pact members.(D) Neither had indigenous leadership they were led by emigre political figures.(D) Neither had indigenous leadership they were led by emigre political figures.(E) Each resulted in an increase in individual freedom.(E) Each resulted in an increase in individual freedom.

During the Crimean War (1854-1856), During the Crimean War (1854-1856), most deaths among the military occurred most deaths among the military occurred as a as a result result ofof

(A) trench warfare and poisonous gas(A) trench warfare and poisonous gas(B) guerrilla warfare(B) guerrilla warfare(C) naval engagements(C) naval engagements(D) disease and inadequate medical care (D) disease and inadequate medical care (E) heavy artillery bombardment(E) heavy artillery bombardment

Which of the following characterized Which of the following characterized European warfare between the Peace of European warfare between the Peace of Utrecht (1713) and the outbreak of the Utrecht (1713) and the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789)?French Revolution (1789)?

(A) Standing armies pursuing limited (A) Standing armies pursuing limited strategic goalsstrategic goals

(B) Citizen armies fighting for their native (B) Citizen armies fighting for their native landslands

(C) Feudal armies fighting for their lords(C) Feudal armies fighting for their lords(D) Mass armies pursuing global strategies(D) Mass armies pursuing global strategies(E) Highly mobile armies unhampered by (E) Highly mobile armies unhampered by

traditional defensestraditional defenses

Which of the following was a major factor in Which of the following was a major factor in German military victories in1939-1940?German military victories in1939-1940?

(A) Overwhelming German technological and (A) Overwhelming German technological and numerical superiority to the French and the numerical superiority to the French and the EnglishEnglish

(B) French insistence on continuing to fight, (B) French insistence on continuing to fight, regardless of the costregardless of the cost

(C) Britain’s campaign in Norway, which (C) Britain’s campaign in Norway, which diverted British troops from Western Europediverted British troops from Western Europe

(D) The German army’s effective use of armor (D) The German army’s effective use of armor and air power in the Blitzkriegand air power in the Blitzkrieg

(E) The German defeat of the Russian army at (E) The German defeat of the Russian army at Tannenberg in August 1939Tannenberg in August 1939

The armies of revolutionary France enjoyed The armies of revolutionary France enjoyed which of the following advantages over the which of the following advantages over the armies of the major European monarchs? armies of the major European monarchs?

(A) A better supply system(A) A better supply system(B) Superior training and more practice in drills(B) Superior training and more practice in drills(C) Technologically advanced weaponry (C) Technologically advanced weaponry (D) Older and more experienced soldiers(D) Older and more experienced soldiers(E) Greater patriotism and morale (E) Greater patriotism and morale

Which of the following was a result of the implementation of the Schlieffen Plan Which of the following was a result of the implementation of the Schlieffen Plan at the beginning of the First World War?at the beginning of the First World War?(A) French forces were able to capture Alsace-Lorraine(A) French forces were able to capture Alsace-Lorraine(B) Great Britain entered the war on the side of France and Russia(B) Great Britain entered the war on the side of France and Russia(C) The Netherlands was knocked out of the war(C) The Netherlands was knocked out of the war(D) Tanks became the decisive weapon in warfare(D) Tanks became the decisive weapon in warfare(E) A shake-up occurred in the German high command.(E) A shake-up occurred in the German high command.

The chronologically arranged maps below illu strate theThe chronologically arranged maps below illu strate the(A) concluding phases of the Franco-Prussian War(A) concluding phases of the Franco-Prussian War(B) Schlieffen Plan(B) Schlieffen Plan(C) concluding phases of the First World War(C) concluding phases of the First World War(D) settlement of the Treaty of Versailles. 1919(D) settlement of the Treaty of Versailles. 1919(E) invasion of France in 1940(E) invasion of France in 1940

AnswersAnswers

CC BB DD AA DD EE BB AA

War FRQ’SWar FRQ’S

““Every War creates illusions and is Every War creates illusions and is conducted in the name of unrealized conducted in the name of unrealized ideals”ideals”Evaluate this statement by comparing Evaluate this statement by comparing the goals for which the First World War the goals for which the First World War was fought to those for which the Second was fought to those for which the Second World War was fought. *World War was fought. *

Analyze and assess the extent to which Analyze and assess the extent to which the First world War accelerated European the First world War accelerated European social change in such areas as work, sex social change in such areas as work, sex roles, and government involvement in roles, and government involvement in everyday life.everyday life.

Discuss and analyze the political and Discuss and analyze the political and economic reasons for the failure of economic reasons for the failure of parliamentary democracy in Germany parliamentary democracy in Germany after the First World War.after the First World War.

Analyze the impact of the First World Analyze the impact of the First World War on European culture and society War on European culture and society during the inter-war period (1919-during the inter-war period (1919-1939)1939)

Explain why Europe saw no lasting Explain why Europe saw no lasting peace between the Peace of peace between the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Peace of Paris in 1763. *Paris in 1763. *

Compare and contrast the victorious Compare and contrast the victorious Allied Powers’ treatment of Germany Allied Powers’ treatment of Germany after the First World War with their after the First World War with their treatment of Germany after the treatment of Germany after the Second World War. Analyze the Second World War. Analyze the reasons for the similarities and reasons for the similarities and differences. *differences. *

Considering the period of 1933-1945, Considering the period of 1933-1945, analyze the economic, diplomatic, and analyze the economic, diplomatic, and military reasons for Germany’s defeat military reasons for Germany’s defeat in the Second World War.in the Second World War.

Repeatedly in the course of modern Repeatedly in the course of modern European history a single state has European history a single state has threatened the balance of power; threatened the balance of power; these threats have been met by these threats have been met by coalitions of powers which have been coalitions of powers which have been dissolved when threats were dissolved when threats were contained.contained.

-- Discuss this statement with regard to -- Discuss this statement with regard to France under Lois XIV and the Soviet France under Lois XIV and the Soviet union under Stalin, and show how it union under Stalin, and show how it would apply in each case. *would apply in each case. *

Compare and contrast Compare and contrast the ways in which the the ways in which the two works of art two works of art express the artistic express the artistic styles and political styles and political issues of their times *issues of their times *

Compare and contrast the forces Compare and contrast the forces responsible for the defeat of Napoleon responsible for the defeat of Napoleon in 1815 and the Central Powers in in 1815 and the Central Powers in 1918. *1918. *

Focusing on two countries, discuss the Focusing on two countries, discuss the changes World War I brought to the changes World War I brought to the political and economic landscape of political and economic landscape of Europe in the 1920’s.Europe in the 1920’s.

Assess the intellectual and spiritual Assess the intellectual and spiritual changes in Europe when examining changes in Europe when examining the causes of The Wars of Religion and the causes of The Wars of Religion and World War II *World War II *

Wars of Religion 1546-47Wars of Religion 1546-47 (Schmalkaldic Wars)(Schmalkaldic Wars)

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Spanish Armada 1588Spanish Armada 1588

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Thirty Years War 1618-1648Thirty Years War 1618-1648

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English Civil Wars 1640-1649English Civil Wars 1640-1649

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War of Spanish Succession 1701-1713War of Spanish Succession 1701-1713

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War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748

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French Revolution Wars 1792-94 & 1795-French Revolution Wars 1792-94 & 1795-17981798

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Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815

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Greek War for Independence 1821-1829Greek War for Independence 1821-1829

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Russo-Turkish War 1828-29Russo-Turkish War 1828-29

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Revolutions of 1848Revolutions of 1848

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Crimean War 1853-1856Crimean War 1853-1856

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Austro-Prussian War (Seven weeks War) Austro-Prussian War (Seven weeks War) 18661866

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Franco Prussian War 1870-1871Franco Prussian War 1870-1871

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Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878

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Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

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Balkan Wars 1912 & 1913Balkan Wars 1912 & 1913

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World War IWorld War I

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Russian Revolution 1917 & Russian Revolution 1917 & Russian Civil War 1919-1921Russian Civil War 1919-1921

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Spanish Civil War 1936-39Spanish Civil War 1936-39

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World War IIWorld War II

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Hungarian Uprising 1956 & Hungarian Uprising 1956 & Czech Uprising 1968Czech Uprising 1968

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Soviet / Afghani War 1979-1989Soviet / Afghani War 1979-1989

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Others of lesser noteOthers of lesser note

Spanish Inquisition 15-17Spanish Inquisition 15-17thth centuries centuries

War of Devolution 1667-68War of Devolution 1667-68

Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713

Seven Years War 1754-1763***Seven Years War 1754-1763***

Pugachev Rebellion 1773-1774Pugachev Rebellion 1773-1774

Irish Civil War 1921-1923Irish Civil War 1921-1923

Finnish Russian War 1939-1940Finnish Russian War 1939-1940

Kosovo War 1999Kosovo War 1999

Important TreatiesImportant Treaties

The Peace of Augsburg The Peace of Augsburg 15551555 Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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The Peace of Westphalia The Peace of Westphalia 16481648 Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt, Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt,

1713 & 17141713 & 1714 Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Treaty of Paris / Peace of Treaty of Paris / Peace of Vienna / Congress of ViennaVienna / Congress of Vienna Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Treaty of Versailles, 1871 / Treaty of Versailles, 1871 / Treaty of FrankfurtTreaty of Frankfurt Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Treaty of Portsmouth, Treaty of Portsmouth, 19051905 Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Treaty of Versailles, 1919Treaty of Versailles, 1919

Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Yalta and Potsdam Yalta and Potsdam agreementsagreements Original Aims of the War: _________________Original Aims of the War: _________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________The Victor and the Vanquished: ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Significant Terms: _______________________Significant Terms: _______________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Consequences short term and long: _________Consequences short term and long: _________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Other Lesser TreatiesOther Lesser Treaties

Treaty of NanjingTreaty of Nanjing Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty of Brest-Litovsk

European Wars After their meetings…. What will be asked of you? Will ask about war in terms of its causes and effects on specific institutions: -- Economic.

Documents

impact war

crimean war

ruin of war

war suppliesc trotsky

russian civil war

standing armies

mobile armies

political structures