European union

History of the European Union

1990-1999

Carlos Ortega García

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states.

Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU's capital is Brussels.

What is the European Union?

History

In 1990, after the fall of the Iron Curtain, the former East Germany became part of the Community as part of a newly united Germany. With enlargement towards European formerly communist countries as well as Cyprus and Malta on the agenda, the Copenhagen criteria for candidate members to join the European Union were agreed.The European Union was formally established when the Maastricht Treaty—whose main architects were Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand—came into force on 1 November 1993, and in 1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the newly established EU

European Union in 1990

European Union in 1995

The Single European Act had the mission ofrevitalize the European construction, setting the consolidation of the internal market in 1993 and also allowing the free movement of capital and services. By this treaty, the Community's powers are extended to the domains of research and technological development, environment and social policy. The Single Act also establishes the existence of the European Council, which brings together the heads of state and government and promotes a common initiative in foreign policy (European Political Cooperation) and a cooperation seguridad.

The Maastricht Treaty signed in February 1992, entered into force in 1993.6 Under the agreement, the European Union continues the common market and the EEC, transformed into European Community, marks a new step in the bonding process. The treaty establishing the European citizenship and lets move and reside freely in the countries of the community as well as the right to vote and be elected in a state of residence for the European elections or municipal

Union of the Three Pilars

January1Ireland takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Communities.9Aldo Angioi is elected President of the Court of Auditors.February21The Commission held its meeting thousandth.March7Judgment in GB-Inno-BM. The Court held that national legislation which denies access to any advertising that is authorized in the country of purchase, is contrary to the principle of free movement of goods.April2The European Community and Argentina sign a framework agreement on trade and economic cooperation.28Held in Dublin, Ireland, an extraordinary European Council. It agrees on a common approach to German unification and Community relations with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

1990

1990May7The Board determines the creation of the European Training Foundation and adopts a regulation on the establishment of a European Environment Agency.940th anniversary of the declaration of Robert Schuman.22The Court finds that the European Parliament can be brought before the Court by other institutions and other institutions that may be brought before the Court by the European Parliament if it is put into question the institutional balance. These principles will be included later in the Maastricht Treaty.29Is signed in Paris, France, the Agreement establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) to provide financial assistance to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

June6The European Commission presented a Green Paper on the Urban Environment.19The Benelux countries, France and Germany sign the Schengen Agreement for the elimination of border controls.20The European Economic Community and EFTA start formal negotiations for the creation of the European Economic Area (EEA).25-26It meets in Dublin, Ireland, the European Council. It confirms the need to hold parallel two Intergovernmental Conferences, one on Economic and Monetary Union and the other on the aspects of political union.July1Italy takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Communities. Takes effect the first stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Is granted a derogation to four Member States (Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland) because of their insufficient progress towards financial integration.3Cyprus formally applies to join the European Communities.16 Malta formally applies to join the European Communities.

1990

1990October3With the unification of Germany, the territories of the former German Democratic Republic became part of the EU.27-28Is held in Rome, Italy, an extraordinary European Council. It finalizes the preparation of the two Intergovernmental Conferences, one on Economic and Monetary Union and the other on the aspects of political union.November19-21A meeting is held in Paris, France. Thirty-four heads of state and government of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) signed a Charter for a New Europe.27Italy signed the Schengen Agreement.

December2Are held in the Federal Republic of Germany elections.4The European Council adopted the transitional measures agreed under the German reunification.12 It held elections in Denmark.14/15Meets in Rome, Italy, the European Council. It started two Intergovernmental Conferences, one on Economic and Monetary Union and the other on political union.

1990

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