European Exploration ► Reasons for European Exploration: ► Gold- New trade routes could led them to wealth ► God- They wanted to spread Christianity ►

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

► Reasons for European Exploration:Reasons for European Exploration:► Gold- New trade routes could led them to wealthGold- New trade routes could led them to wealth► God- They wanted to spread ChristianityGod- They wanted to spread Christianity► Glory- Explorers could become hero's and acquire Glory- Explorers could become hero's and acquire

land for their countriesland for their countries► During the Christian Crusades Europeans were During the Christian Crusades Europeans were

exposed to new goods from Asia like silk and exposed to new goods from Asia like silk and spices.spices.

► Western Europeans wanted to find a new trade Western Europeans wanted to find a new trade route that would allow them to get to Asia faster route that would allow them to get to Asia faster and avoid going through Italy and avoid going through Italy

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

► Portugal- In the 1400’s Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal- In the 1400’s Prince Henry the Navigator decided to reach Asia by traveling around the tip of decided to reach Asia by traveling around the tip of AfricaAfrica

► Spain-In the late 1400’s Spain sent Christopher Spain-In the late 1400’s Spain sent Christopher Columbus to reach Asia by going west across the Columbus to reach Asia by going west across the Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean

► England-in the 1600 & 1700’s England became the England-in the 1600 & 1700’s England became the largest world empire by acquiring colonies in North largest world empire by acquiring colonies in North America, Africa, India, and AustraliaAmerica, Africa, India, and Australia

► France-between 1600 and 1900 France controlled France-between 1600 and 1900 France controlled much of Italy and Germany and many islands much of Italy and Germany and many islands throughout the worldthroughout the world

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World War I: A Deadly WarWorld War I: A Deadly War

►World War IWorld War I was a was a very deadly war that very deadly war that claimed over claimed over 22 22 million lives.million lives.

►What What technologytechnology was was used the for the used the for the first first time during war?time during war? AirplanesAirplanes TanksTanks SubmarinesSubmarines Poisonous GasPoisonous Gas

World War IWorld War I► Germany was known Germany was known

to be very to be very destructive destructive and used and used poisonouspoisonous gas gas

► The new machines of The new machines of war led to a war led to a militarymilitary strategy calledstrategy called TrenchTrench Warfare: Warfare: armies would dig armies would dig trenches trenches in the in the ground and try to ground and try to take take land land very slowlyvery slowly

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Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution► The end of the Russian The end of the Russian

EmpireEmpire In 1914 In 1914 World War IWorld War I

began, but Nicholas began, but Nicholas II, the Russian czar II, the Russian czar did not want to get did not want to get involved. involved.

Yet Russia found Yet Russia found itself fighting against itself fighting against Germany Germany and its and its partnerpartner

During the war, During the war, Russia experienced Russia experienced food shortagesfood shortages and and strikesstrikes. .

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution In 1917 the Russian In 1917 the Russian

czar was czar was forcedforced to to give up power,give up power,

This overturning of This overturning of the Russian the Russian monarchy is known monarchy is known as the as the Russian Russian RevolutionRevolution getting getting

In 1918 In 1918 Nicholas IINicholas II and the royal family and the royal family were all were all shotshot to to death. This execution death. This execution ended nearly ended nearly 400 400 yearsyears of czarist rule. of czarist rule.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution► The The leaderleader of the of the

Russian Revolution Russian Revolution was was Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin

1.1. Took Russia out of Took Russia out of World War I (1917)World War I (1917)

2.2. He changed the He changed the name of the name of the country from country from Russia Russia to the to the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

3.3. He made the He made the government government practice practice communism:communism: the the government government controls the controls the government government and and the the economyeconomy

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution►Many Russians Many Russians

wanted wanted communismcommunism because Lenin because Lenin promised to end promised to end their their hungerhunger, , povertypoverty and and unemployment.unemployment.

► But Lenin became a But Lenin became a dictatordictator and Russian and Russian citizens didn’t have citizens didn’t have politicalpolitical power. power.

► A communist Soviet A communist Soviet Union leads to Union leads to disagreements disagreements with with the the United StatesUnited States later on. later on.

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Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles► The The Treaty of Treaty of

Versailles Versailles ended ended WWIWWI. . ► The treaty demanded The treaty demanded

that that GermanyGermany be be punished bypunished by

1.1. PayingPaying for for damagesdamages done to other done to other countriescountries

2.2. Giving Giving up part of its up part of its territory territory (land)(land)

► This treaty made This treaty made Germans very Germans very madmad and helped to create and helped to create economic (money) economic (money) problems for Germanyproblems for Germany

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Worldwide DepressionWorldwide Depression► After After WWIWWI the the

world’s economy world’s economy was in was in bad bad shape:shape:

1.1. WWI killed many WWI killed many civilians civilians (workers)(workers) of many countries of many countries and destroyed and destroyed land, factoriesland, factories and and infrastructureinfrastructure

Worldwide DepressionWorldwide Depression2. The United States had the 2. The United States had the Great Great

DepressionDepression,(1929) so it bought ,(1929) so it bought lessless things from other countriesthings from other countries

3. Companies went out of 3. Companies went out of business business so so more people were more people were unemployedunemployed. .

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Rise of Hitler & the Nazi PartyRise of Hitler & the Nazi Party►How did the How did the Great DepressionGreat Depression help put help put Adolph Adolph

HitlerHitler in power? in power?►Germany was faced with a Germany was faced with a bad bad economy.economy.►Hitler told the people he could fix Germany’s Hitler told the people he could fix Germany’s

economic problems by economic problems by ridding ridding them of the them of the JewsJews. .

HolocaustHolocaust► Poor Poor Germans Germans

believed Hitler had believed Hitler had the the solutionsolution to their to their bad economy and bad economy and promised to make promised to make Germany Germany strong strong again.again.

►Germans elected Germans elected Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler who was who was of the of the Nazi Party.Nazi Party.

►Germany killed 6 Germany killed 6 millions millions Jews Jews under under Hitler which is known Hitler which is known as the as the HolocaustHolocaust..

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WWIIWWII► From From 1941 to 19451941 to 1945

the the UnitedUnited Kingdom, Kingdom, the United the United StatesStates and and the Soviet Union had the Soviet Union had a common enemy: a common enemy: GermanyGermany

► F.D.R:F.D.R: President of President of the U.Sthe U.S

►Winston Winston ChurchillChurchill: : Prime Minister of the Prime Minister of the U.K.U.K.

► Joseph Joseph StalinStalin: : DictatorDictator of the Soviet of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R)Union (U.S.S.R)

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The Cold WarThe Cold War► After WWII, and After WWII, and

GermanyGermany was was defeated, the United defeated, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom and the United States United States wanted to rebuild wanted to rebuild EuropeEurope as free as free democraticdemocratic nations nations with with free free market market economieseconomies

► Individual citizens Individual citizens are are freefree to decide to decide whatwhat to make and to make and what what priceprice to sell it to sell it forfor

The Cold WarThe Cold War► But, the But, the Soviet Soviet

Union wanted to Union wanted to rebuild Europe and rebuild Europe and a a communistcommunist government and government and the economy is the economy is centralized centralized (controlled) by the (controlled) by the governmentgovernment

►Government Government decides decides whatwhat to to make and what make and what priceprice to sell it for to sell it for

The Cold WarThe Cold War

►Once WWII ended and Germany was Once WWII ended and Germany was defeated there was little reason for defeated there was little reason for Western Western Europe to work with Europe to work with Eastern Eastern Europe.Europe. WesternWestern countries had countries had

constitutional monarchies or constitutional monarchies or democraciesdemocracies

EasternEastern countries had countries had communistcommunist, , largely Soviet controlled largely Soviet controlled governmentsgovernments

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