European Exploration

European Exploration

Part 2

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade► Existed in Africa before the

coming of the Europeans.► Portuguese replaced European

slaves with Africans.Sugar cane & sugar plantations.First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.

► Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

Slave ShipSlave Ship

““Middle Passage”Middle Passage”

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown Overboard

Sharks followed the slave Sharks followed the slave ships!ships!

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

MulattMulattosos

Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves

Administration of the Administration of the Spanish Empire in the Spanish Empire in the

New WorldNew World► Encomienda

or forced labor.

► Council of the Indies.

Viceroy.New Spain and Peru.

1. Papal agreement.

The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic

ChurchChurch

Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral

Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe

Spanish Spanish MissionMission

The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &

The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation

Father Bartolome de Father Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas

J New Laws New Laws 1542 1542

New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals► Portugal lacked the

numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.

► Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.

► First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.

Surat in NW India in 1608.

1. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.

New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals

Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion► Native populations ravaged

by disease.► Influx of gold, and

especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”]

► New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].

► Deepened colonial rivalries.

5. New Patterns of 5. New Patterns of World TradeWorld Trade